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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Increasing plant growth by modulating omega-amidase expression in plants

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for increasing the leaf-to-root ratio of the signal metabolite 2-oxoglutaramate and related proline molecules in plants by modulating levels of .omega.-amidase to increase nitrogen use efficiency, resulting in enhanced growth, faster growth rates, greater seed and fruit/pod yields, earlier and more productive flowering, increased tolerance to high salt conditions, and increased biomass yields.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improvement in PV Plant LCOE from Convection Heat Transfer Changes from Altered Plant Layout

Heat transfer modeling that accounts for how convective cooling changes with PV array layout has been found to improve system LCOE in certain climates conditions. Analysis of fixed tilt systems performed using the System Advisor Model reveals that reducing system ground coverage ratio from 0.46 to 0.35 can lead to as much as a 1.7% increase in module annual energy output in Phoenix. Depending on climate conditions, these energy increases due to changing convective cooling flow can lead to LCOE improvements for systems with increased row spacing despite the increased wiring and land costs associated with increased module row spacing. While the energy gain from decreasing system ground coverage ratio can be largely attributed to increased plane of array irradiance, the convection cooling considerations presented here can have a non-negligible impact on PV power plant energy output and economic viability depending on climate conditions and array spacing parameters.

heat transfer↗
DOE OSTI2025

Morphophysiological Plant Phenotyping for the Development of Plant Breeding Under Drought and Heat Conditions: A Practical Approach

ABSTRACT Currently, the breeding programs focus their efforts on identifying and developing tolerant genotypes to adverse conditions, such as drought and high temperatures. In this context, the physiological approach, which involves phenotyping several traits, is useful for breeding programs. Leaf photosynthetic traits have become one of the main objectives to be evaluated for breeders due to their relationship with improving grain yield and biomass production. Gas exchange ( Ge ) and chlorophyll “a” fluorescence ( Chf ) are the main tools to characterize the photosynthetic activity in real time at the leaf level. Consequently, several association studies using proximal and nonproximal sensing (e.g., RGB, thermography) have been developed. However, for the correct application of this breeding approach, it is essential to have a basic knowledge of both the physiological principles involved in the readings and the limitations of phenotyping due to the characteristics of the devices available on the market. This revision also covers other traits, such as the morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves and roots, and the use of isotopes complementing Ge and Chf measurements.

Estrada, Félix [Instituto de Investigaciones Agrop↗
DOE OSTI2017

Creating markets for captured carbon: Retrofit of Abbott Power Plant and Future Utilization of Captured CO 2

The successful implementation of CCUS requires the confluence of technology, regulatory, and financial factors. One of the factors that impact this confluence is the ability to utilize and monetize captured CO 2 . The generally accepted utilization approach has been CO 2 -based Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), yet this is not always feasible and/or a preferable approach. There is a need to be able to explore a multitude of utilization approaches in order to identify a portfolio of potential utilization mechanisms. This portfolio must be adapted based on the economy of the region. In response to this need, the University of Illinois has formed a Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Reduction (COOULR) Center. The open nature of the university, coupled with a university policy to reduce CO 2 emissions, provides a model for the issues communities will face when attempting to reduce emissions while still maintaining reliable and affordable power. This Center is one of the key steps in the formation of a market for captured CO 2 . Furthermore, the goal of the Center is to not only evaluate technologies, but also demonstrate at a large pilot scale how communities may be able to adjust to the need to reduce GHG emissions.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coupling of CTF and RELAP5-3D Within an Enhanced Fidelity Nuclear Power Plant Simulator

A robust and accurate multiphysics engineering simulator is being developed to model the core behavior and system response of pressurized water reactors. This simulator relies on the NESTLE and CTF computer codes to model the neutronics and thermal hydraulics (TH), respectively, inside the core on a nodal scale and on the Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program—Three Dimensional (RELAP5-3D) to model the entire nuclear steam supply system. The RELAP5-3D model includes highly detailed nodalization and multidimensional flow modeling throughout the vessel. Previously, pin-resolved data generated via the Virtual Environment for Reactor Analysis core simulator were used to improve the accuracy of the NESTLE core predictions. The engineering simulator being developed as part of this work uses the 3KEYMASTER platform to couple the enhanced NESTLE model to a nodal-fidelity CTF model to balance run time with accuracy; NESTLE provides node-dependent powers to CTF, and CTF provides node-dependent coolant densities and fuel temperatures to NESTLE.An overlapping domain approach is used for the core TH in which RELAP5-3D provides core boundary conditions based on the system response and CTF provides a node-dependent coolant heating rate to the RELAP5-3D core solution. In the preliminary TH demonstration discussed in this paper, CTF and RELAP5-3D provided similar steady-state core predictions, indicating the hydraulic compatibility between the codes, as well as reasonable and expected behavior under hypothetical transient conditions. This provides an initial step in ongoing efforts toward a robust, multiscale TH/neutronics engineering simulator capability.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Short-Term Oxidation Studies on Nicrofer- 6025HT in Air at Elevated Temperatures for Advanced Coal Based Power Plants

Several advanced air separation unit (ASU) designs being considered for use in coal gasification rely on the use of solid state mixed ionic and electronic conductors. Nicrofer-6025HT, a nickel-based alloy, has been identified as a potential manifold material to transport the hot gases into the ASUs. In the current study, isothermal oxidation tests were conducted on Nicrofer-6025HT in the temperature range of 700–900 °C for up to 24 h. The evolution of oxide scale was evaluated using SEM, XRD, and XPS. The composite surface oxide layer that formed consisted of an outer chromia-rich scale and an inner alumina scale. For the longer times at the higher temperatures evaluated, a NiCr2O4 spinel phase was located at the interface between the alumina and chromia. Based on the experimental results a four-step oxidation model was proposed.

Alloy 602CA↗