Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Optical applications”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18

Communication theory of quantum systems

Communication theory problems incorporating quantum effects for optical-frequency applications are discussed. Under suitable conditions, a unique quantum channel model corresponding to a given classical space-time varying linear random channel is established. A procedure is described by which a proper density-operator representation applicable to any receiver configuration can be constructed directly from the channel output field. Some examples illustrating the application of our methods to the development of optical quantum channel representations are given. Optimizations of communication system performance under different criteria are considered. In particular, certain necessary and sufficient conditions on the optimal detector in M-ary quantum signal detection are derived. Some examples are presented. Parameter estimation and channel capacity are discussed briefly.

Yuen, H. P. H.↗

Review of coherent optical data processing

The fundamental features of coherent optical data processing systems are reviewed for potential application to image processing. The application of optical spatial filtering to image mapping and cloud motion is discussed.

Vanderlugt, A.↗

Reusable rocket engine optical condition monitoring

Plume emission spectrometry and optical leak detection are described as two new applications of optical techniques to reusable rocket engine condition monitoring. Plume spectrometry has been used with laboratory flames and reusable rocket engines to characterize both the nominal combustion spectra and anomalous spectra of contaminants burning in these plumes. Holographic interferometry has been used to identify leaks and quantify leak rates from reusable rocket engine joints and welds.

Wyett, L.↗

Application of super smooth optics to extra-solar planet detection

The observational constraints on direct detection of extrasolar planets around nearby stars are defined. The design of an instrument capable of meeting these goals requires the efficient reduction of diffracted and scattered light by about three orders of magnitude below the airy wings of the unapodized aperture. The diffraction reduction is achieved through the high-efficiency coronagraph, which uses Gaussian occulting masks in the first focus to concentrate better diffracted light in the pupil plane. Laboratory experiments confirm this high efficiency to the limits set by the experimental setup. Scattering due to midspatial scale figure error in the mirrors must also be reduced to a comparable level.

Terrile, Richard J.↗

Advanced flow-polishing and surface metrology of the SO56 X Ray Telescope

The surface finishing of X ray grazing incidence optics is a most demanding area of optical processing, both in terms of metrology and application of optical finishing techniques. An existing optical mirror was processed using a new removal technique that uses a jet of finely dispersed and extremely small particles that impact a surface, which under the correct conditions, produces an ultrasmooth surface, especially on aspheric curvatures. The surfaces of the SO56 mirror are tapered conical shapes that have a continuously changing radius with the primary mirror having a parabolic shape and the secondary mirror a hyperbolic shape. An optical ray trace that was conducted of a telescope used the measured parameters from the existing substrates to set up the prescription for the optical layout. The optimization indicated a wavefront performance of 0.10 A at 0.633 micron.

Source record↗

The application of a geometric optical canopy reflectance model to semiarid shrub vegetation

Estimates are obtained of the average plant size and density of shrub vegetation on the basis of SPOT High Resolution Visible Multispectral imagery from Chihuahuan desert areas, using the Li and Strahler (1985) model. The aggregated predictions for a number of stands within a class were accurate to within one or two standard errors of the observed average value. Accuracy was highest for those classes of vegetation where the nonrandom scrub pattern was characterized for the class on the basis of the average coefficient of the determination of density.

Franklin, Janet↗

Investigation of the collision line broadening problem as applicable to the NASA Optical Plume Anomaly Detection (OPAD) system, phase 1

As a final report for phase 1 of the project, the researchers are submitting to the Tennessee Tech Office of Research the following two papers (reprinted in this report): 'Collision Line Broadening Effects on Spectrometric Data from the Optical Plume Anomaly System (OPAD),' presented at the 30th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 27-29 June 1994, and 'Calculation of Collision Cross Sections for Atomic Line Broadening in the Plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME),' presented at the IEEE Southeastcon '95, 26-29 March 1995. These papers fully state the problem and the progress made up to the end of NASA Fiscal Year 1994. The NASA OPAD system was devised to predict concentrations of anomalous species in the plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) through analysis of spectrometric data. The self absorption of the radiation of these plume anomalies is highly dependent on the line shape of the atomic transition of interest. The Collision Line Broadening paper discusses the methods used to predict line shapes of atomic transitions in the environment of a rocket plume. The Voigt profile is used as the line shape factor since both Doppler and collisional line broadening are significant. Methods used to determine the collisional cross sections are discussed and the results are given and compared with experimental data. These collisional cross sections are then incorporated into the current self absorbing radiative model and the predicted spectrum is compared to actual spectral data collected from the Stennis Space Center Diagnostic Test Facility rocket engine. The second paper included in this report investigates an analytical method for determining the cross sections for collision line broadening by molecular perturbers, using effective central force interaction potentials. These cross sections are determined for several atomic species with H2, one of the principal constituents of the SSME plume environment, and compared with experimental data.

Dean, Timothy C.↗

Application of Novel Nonlinear Optical Materials to Optical Processing

We describe wave mixing and interactions in nonlinear photorefractive polymers and disodium flourescein. Higher diffracted orders yielding forward phase conjugation can be generated in a two-wave mixing geometry in photorefractive polymers, and this higher order can be used for image edge enhancement and correlation. Four-wave mixing and phase conjugation is studied using nonlinear disodium floureschein, and the nature and properties of gratings written in this material are investigated.

Banerjee, Partha P.↗

Current Applications of Analog Fiber Optics in the NASA/JPL Deep Space Network

Analog fiber optic technology. Enables a fully integrated Deep Space Communications complex. Enables sharing of expensive subsystems. Enables RF carrier arraying of antennas separated by tens of kilometers. Provides improved complex reliability and flexibility. Enables improved performance. Provides significant cost reductions.

DSN Goldstone Deep Space Communications fiber opti↗

U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Need for Flow Physics and Control With Applications Involving Aero-Optics and Weapon Bay Cavities

To develop New Flow Control Techniques: a) Knowledge of the Flow Physics with and without control. b) How does Flow Control Effect Flow Physics (What Works to Optimize the Design?). c) Energy or Work Efficiency of the Control Technique (Cost - Risk - Benefit Analysis). d) Supportability, e.g. (size of equipment, computational power, power supply) (Allows Designer to include Flow Control in Plans).

Schmit, Ryan↗

Metal-Coated Optical Fibers for High Temperature Applications

A DC magnetron sputtering system has been used to actively coat optical fibers with hermetic metal coatings during the fiber draw process. Thin films of Inconel 625 have been deposited on optical fibers and annealed in air at 2000 F. Scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron microscopy have been used to investigate the morphology and composition of the films prior to and following thermal cycling. Issues to be addressed include film adhesion, other coating materials, and a discussion of additional applications for this novel technology.

Zeakes, Jason↗

Catadioptric Optics for laser Doppler velocimeter applications

In the design of a laser velocimeter system, attention must be given to the performance of the optical elements in their two principal tasks: focusing laser radiation into the probe volume, and collecting the scattered light. For large aperture applications, custom lens design and fabrication costs, long optical path requirements, and chromatic aberration (for two color operation) can be problematic. The adaptation of low cost Schmidt-Cassegrain astronomical telescopes to perform these laser beam manipulation and scattered light collection tasks is examined. A generic telescope design is analyzed using ray tracing and Gaussian beam propagation theory, and a simple modification procedure for converting from infinite to near unity conjugate ratio operation with image quality near the diffraction limit was identified. Modification requirements and performance are predicted for a range of geometries. Finally, a 200-mm-aperture telescope was modified for f/10 operation; performance data for this modified optic for both laser beam focusing and scattered light collection tasks agree well with predictions.

Dunagan, Stephen E.↗

Estimating optical imaging system performance for space applications

The critical system elements of an optical imaging system are identified and a method for an initial assessment of system performance is presented. A generalized imaging system is defined. A system analysis is considered, followed by a component analysis. An example of the method is given using a film imaging system.

Sinclair, K. F.↗

Optical design of an imaging spectral radiometer for earth resources applications.

Description of the optics, thermal compensation measures, and calibration procedures for a scanning imaging spectroradiometer to be used in earth resources sensing applications. The spectral range covered extends from 4000 to 8500 A. Two possible modes of operation include (1) a high-spatial-resolution terrestrial survey mode with moderate spectral resolution, and (2) a high-spectral-resolution ocean survey mode with decreased spatial resolution. Two high-aperture f/1.4 objective lenses (providing fields of view of 10 and 25 deg) are interchangeable to give added flexibility in planning experiments with this instrument. A diffraction grating disperses the spectrum which is then scanned by the image sensor.

Harris, T. I.↗

Optical properties of cometary dust

The application of measured optical constants to the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with small cometary dust particles is discussed, with emphasis on the interpretation of cometary observations. It is found that in some spectral regions optical constants vary greatly with wavelength. The optical constants may be incorrect. Because of errors in measurement, or the application of the Kramers-Kronig relationship over too small a spectral region, or an improperly prepared sample, the derived optical constants may be in error. It is suggested that a full Kramers-Kronig analysis and application of the more important sum rules should be performed on any set of optical constants whose accuracy is important. Optical constants derived from the measurement of inhomogeneous materials, where the inhomogeneities are of comparable size to that of the beam of radiation used in the experiment, should not be used to predict the optical properties of small particles.

Lien, David J.↗