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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Medical operations: Crew surgeon's report

To assure the safety and well being of the Skylab environment simulation crewmembers it was necessary to develop a medical safety plan with emergency procedures. All medical and nonmedical test and operations personnel, except those specifically exempted, were required to meet the medical standards and proficiency levels as established. Implemented programs included health care of the test crew and their families, occupational medical services for chamber operating personnel, clinical laboratory support and hypobaric and other emergency support.

Ross, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Modification of one man life raft

A one man inflatable life raft is described. The raft has an inflatable tube perimetrically bounding the occupant receiving space with a flexible floor member. A zippered opening in the floor allows entry and facilitates the use of a constant diameter tube. An airtight fabric bulkhead divides the peripheral tube longitudinally into inflatable tube sections, where if either tube section were punctured, the bulkhead would move into the punctured section to substitute for the punctured wall portion and maintain the inflatable volume of the tube. The floor member is attached to the central portion of the tube wall so that either side of the raft can be the up side.

Soter, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Measured and Calculated Neutron Spectra and Dose Equivalent Rates at High Altitudes; Relevance to SST Operations and Space Research

Results of the NASA Langley-New York University high-altitude radiation study are presented. Measurements of the absorbed dose rate and of secondary fast neutrons (1 to 10 MeV energy) during the years 1965 to 1971 are used to determine the maximum radiation exposure from galactic and solar cosmic rays of supersonic transport (SST) and subsonic jet occupants. The maximum dose equivalent rates that the SST crews might receive turn out to be 13 to 20 percent of the maximum permissible dose rate (MPD) for radiation workers (5 rem/yr). The exposure of passengers encountering an intense giant-energy solar particle event could exceed the MPD for the general population (0.5 rem/yr), but would be within these permissible limits if in such rare cases the transport descends to subsonic altitude; it is in general less than 12 percent of the MPD. By Monte Carlo calculations of the transport and buildup of nucleons in air for incident proton energies E of 0.02 to 10 GeV, the measured neutron spectra were extrapolated to lower and higher energies and for galactic cosmic rays were found to continue with a relatively high intensity to energies greater than 400 MeV, in a wide altitude range. This condition, together with the measured intensity profiles of fast neutrons, revealed that the biologically important fast and energetic neutrons penetrate deep into the atmosphere and contribute approximately 50 percent of the dose equivalant rates at SST and present subsonic jet altitudes.

Foelsche, T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The gravity reference response, the rotation sensation, and other illusory sensations experienced in aircraft and space flight

An analysis of the gravitational and inertial forces which act during aircraft flight upon the vestibular systems of the aircraft occupants reveals that in the absence of a visual horizon, certain illusory sensations are predictable for various acceleration environments. The 'inversion illusion' (Graybiel and Kellog, 1966) felt by some human subjects at 0 g seems to be different from the rotation sensation and could be caused by the diminished pressure forces of the otoliths on the maculae. The 'inversion illusion' of man correlates well with the blind fish diving behavior observed during aircraft parabolic flight (von Baumgarten et al., 1969, 1972). It is suggested that the fish low g diving response and the human inversion illusion are due to the substitution of a predominantly shearing force of low magnitude as a vestibular reference in place of a normal, predominantly pressure force. This hypothesis indicates that vestibular senses alone cannot provide meaningful postural orientation to simulated or actual gravity of a magnitude below that of earth's gravity.

Shillinger, G. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The National Research Council program on aid to the neurologically handicapped

The multidisciplinary care of neuromuscular disabled patients is reviewed. Described are the activities of occupational and vocational therapists, social workers, clinical psychologists and speech pathologists that are directed toward the major effects of spinal cord injuries, amputations, stroke, cerebral palsy, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Mclaurin, C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The use of objective measurements in the evaluation of therapy programs

The importance of objective measurements is discussed as a means of assessing the efficacy of physical and occupational therapy programs applied to patients recovering from neurological diseases. Considered are three primary categories of neurologically injured patients: patients with hemiplegia, patients with spinal cord injuries, and the heterogeneous group of cerebral palsy patients.

Chaplin, H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Terminal area considerations for an advanced CTOL transport aircraft

Projected future conditions at large urban airports were used to identify design objectives for a long-haul, advanced transport airplane introduced for operation in the mid-1980s. Operating constraints associated with airport congestion and aircraft noise and emissions were of central interest. In addition, some of the interaction of these constraints with aircraft fuel usage were identified. The study allowed for advanced aircraft design features consistent with the future operating period. A baseline 200 passenger airplane design was modified to comply with design requirements imposed by terminal area constraints. Specific design changes included: (1) modification of engine arrangement; wing planform; (2) drag and spoiler surfaces; (3) secondary power systems; (4) brake and landing gear characteristics; and (5) the aircraft avionics. These changes, based on exploratory design estimates and allowing for technology advance, were judged to enable the airplane to: reduce wake turbulence; handle steeper descent paths with fewer limitation due to engine characteristics; reduce runway occupancy times; improve community noise contours; and reduce the total engine emittants deposited in the terminal area. The penalties to airplane performance and operating cost associated with improving the terminal area characteristics of the airplane were assessed. Finally, key research problems requiring solution in order to validate the assumed advanced airplane technology were identified.

Sussman, M. B.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Results of investigations on a 0.004-scale 140C modified configuration space shuttle vehicle orbiter model (74-0) in the NASA/Langley Research Center hypersonic helium tunnel

Data obtained during a wind tunnel test of a 0.004-scale 140C modified configuration SSV orbiter are documented. The test was conducted during August 1974 with 80 occupancy hours charged, and all runs were conducted at a nominal Mach number of 20 and at Reynolds numbers of 0.7, 1.0, 1.8, and 1,100,000 based on body length. The complete -140C modified model was tested with various elevon settings at angles of attack from 10 to 50 degrees at zero yaw and from angles of sideslip of -10 to +10 at 35 deg angle of attack. The purpose of this test was to obtain high hypersonic longitudinal and lateral-directional stability and control characteristics of the updated SSV configuration.

Hawthorne, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Results of investigations on a 0.010-scale 140A/B configuration space shuttle vehicle orbiter model 72-0 in the NASA/Langley Research Center continuous flow hypersonic tunnel (OA90)

Data are documented which were obtained during wind tunnel tests. The test was conducted beginning 4 March and ending 6 March 1974 for a total of 24 occupancy hours. all test runs were conducted at a Mach number of 10.3 and at Reynolds numbers of 0.65, 1.0 and 1.33 million per foot. Only the complete 140A/B was tested with various elevon, speedbrake, and bodyflap settings at angles of attack from 12 to 37 degrees at 0 and -5 degrees of beta, and from 0 to -9 degrees of beta at 20 and 30 degrees angle of attack. The purpose was to obtain hypersonic longitudinal and lateral-directional stability and control characteristics of the updated space shuttle vehicle configuration.

Hawthorne, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The gravity and shape of the moon

This review discusses the current knowledge of the gravity and geometry of the moon, and their implications as to lunar structure. Measurements pertaining to the gravity field are, first and foremost, Doppler tracking of spacecraft that have orbited the moon, but also the laser ranging from the earth to the moon and the gravity meters and accelerometers landed with the Apollo spacecraft. Measurements pertaining to the geometry include (1) those related to the shape: the metric photography and laser altimeters on Apollo 15, 16, and 17; the electromagnetic sounder on Apollo 17; the landmark tracking from earlier Apollo orbiters; and occupations, plus (2) measurements related to the orientation: the laser ranging and interferometry from the earth. The review does not cover determinations of topography from photography taken for geologic or landing reconnaissance purposes. The discussion of tectonic implications is limited to inferences of a quantitative nature. The emphasis is on work since 1970; see Kaula [1969, 1971] for reviews of earlier work.

William M. Kaula↗
NASA NTRS1975

Binary galaxy orbit statistics. I - Fixed mass and major axis

Averages for the projected separation, squared radial velocity difference, and the product of these, are presented for a binary galaxy system of fixed mass and major axis, but any orbital eccentricity. The average of the product varies by a factor about 3 for eccentricities from 0 to 1.0. For circular orbits, the results agree with those of Page (1952, 1960, 1961), but for linear orbits his mass estimate is too small by a factor 6. The mutual regressions of the velocity and separation on each other are calculated, and are presented in such a way as to exhibit the relative likelihood of occupation of the different parts of the regression curves. 'Isopleths' for the probability distribution are presented for a few values of the eccentricity to illustrate the underlying cause of pileup at certain parts of the regression curves. It is concluded that previous analyses were inadequate for failing to take into account that the regression curves represent in many cases a distribution that is almost wholly depopulated through most of the range. It is evident that the data are insufficient to draw a firm conclusion about the distribution of eccentricities.

Noerdlinger, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Results of an Investigation of the 0.003-scale Space Shuttle External Tank MSFC Model 460 in the NASA/MSFC 14 x 14-inch Trisonic Wind Tunnel to Determine Static Pressure Distributions During Reentry (TA2F), Volume 1

Objectives of the test were to obtain static pressure distributions for the ET at reentry conditions. Basic configuration of the model was the MCR 0200 ET modified to include a rectangular crossbar at the aft ET/orbiter attach point. Mach numbers were 1.96, 3.48, and 4.96. Reynolds number per foot at these Mach numbers were 6.95 million, 6.42 million, and 4.95 million, respectively. Angle of attack range was -8 to 100 degrees and roll angle was 0 to 315 degrees. Occupancy hours were 104.

Ramsey, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

An Investigation of Size-Dependent Concentration of Trace Elements in Aerosols Emitted from the Oil-Fired Heating Plants

Aerosols emitted from two oil-fired heating plants were aerodynamically separated into eight size groups and were analyzed using the photon-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. It was found that Zn, Mo, Ag, and Pb, and (to a lesser extent) Cd, have a tendency to concentrate preferentially on the smaller aerosols. All of these elements, in certain chemical forms, are known to be toxic. Zinc and molybdenum, although present in low concentrations in the parent fuels, show the strongest tendencies to be concentrated in finer aerosols. Selenium, previously reported to show a very strong tendency to concentration in finer fly ash from coal-fired power plants shows little preference for surface residence. Vanadium, which occurs in significant concentration in the oil fuels for both plants, also shows little preference for surface concentration. Even though the absolute concentrations of the toxic elements involved are well below the safety levels established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), it would be advisable to raise the heights of the heating-plant exhaust chimneys well above the neighborhood buildings to insure more efficient aerosol dispersal.

Singh, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Modular disposable can (MODCAN) crash cushion: A concept investigation

A conceptual design investigation of an improved highway crash cushion system is presented. The system is referred to as a modular disposable can (MODCAN) crash system. It is composed of a modular arrangement of disposable metal beverage cans configured to serve as an effective highway impact attenuation system. Experimental data, design considerations, and engineering calculations supporting the design development are presented. Design performance is compared to that of a conventional steel drum system. It is shown that the MODCAN concepts offers the potential for smoother and safer occupant deceleration for a larger class of vehicle impact weights than the steel drum device.

Knoell, A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

On solar system nomenclature

Arguments in support of naming topographic features on other solar system objects after human beings other than astronomers are outlined. In particular, it is important to make sure that the end result will be a nonprovincial distribution of nationalities, epochs, and occupations, a distribution that future generations can be proud of. A more consistent scheme for Jovian satellite nomenclature is proposed which consistently maintains the tradition of naming Jovian satellites after prominent consorts.

Sagan, C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Inferences from the dynamical history of Mercury's rotation

The history of Mercury's spin angular momentum is reviewed. It is shown that the current nonsynchronous but resonant spin and the nearly zero obliquity place almost no restrictions on the primordial spin state. The only exception comes about from a liquid core-solid mantle interaction which excludes a slow primordial spin concurrent with a large obliquity. The current occupancy of a final evolutionary spin state leads to the description of a scheme by which we can determine the extent of a currently liquid Mercurian core.

Peale, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The sensitivity of relative toxicity rankings by the USF/NASA test method to some test variables

Pyrolysis temperature and the distance between the source and sensor of effluents are two important variables in tests for relative toxicity. Modifications of the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method to increase the upper temperature limit of pyrolysis, reduce the distance between the sample and the test animals, and increase the chamber volume available for animal occupancy, did not significantly alter rankings of relative toxicity of four representative materials. The changes rendered some differences no longer significant, but did not reverse any rankings. The materials studied were cotton, wool, aromatic polyamide, and polybenzimidazole.

Hilado, C. J.↗