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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Improving Indoor Occupancy Detection Accuracy of the SLEEPIR Sensor Using LSTM Models
Not provided.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Residential HVAC Control with Consideration of Human Occupancy
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) development described herein uses model-free Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to minimize energy cost during residential heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. Building cooling loads and HVAC operation are difficult to accurately model due to complexity, lack of measurements and data, and model specific performance, so online machine learning is used to allow for real-time readjustment in performance. Energy costs for the multi-zone cooling unit shown in this work are minimized by scheduling on/off commands around dynamic prices. By taking advantage of precooling events that take place when the price is low, the agent is able to reduce operational cost without violating user comfort. The DRL controller was tested in simulation where the learner achieved a 43.89% cost reduction when compared to traditional, fixed-setpoint operation. The system is now ready for the next phase of testing in a live, real-time home environment.
Occupant-Centric Demand Response for Thermostatically-Controlled Home Loads
Efficiently managing energy usage to balance supply and demand on the electric grid is crucial, especially with the widespread deployment of distributed variable renewable electricity generation. This paper introduces two duty-cycle control methods for heating systems, adjusting thermostat setpoints to limit and shift electricity demand. The control approaches employ innovative techniques, such as adaptive duty cycling, to prioritize household thermal comfort while reducing peak demand. These control methods can respond to signals from the electric grid, including demand targets and time-of-use tariffs, and were tested physically on an electric furnace and heat pump in a test home during winter conditions in 2021 and 2022. The results are given as average demand reductions and energy use impacts with respect to the average indoor-outdoor temperature difference during the control period. For heat pumps, demand limiting control reduced power by 18.5% and 23.3% for indoor-outdoor temperature differences of 30°F and 40°F. Preheating-based demand shifting achieved reductions of 34.8% and 33.2% for the same temperature differences. Electric furnace tests showed demand reductions of 33.8% and 25.3% for demand limiting, and 56.1% and 45.7% for preheating-based demand shifting. These findings highlight the potential for innovative control methods to enhance grid efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
Differential nucleosome occupancy modulates alternative splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana
Not provided.
Protect Your Family: Reduce Contamination at Home: A Summary of a Study Conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) without including specific provisions for protecting the privacy of healthrelated information. The law gave Congress three years to enact such requirements and provided that if it failed to do so the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was obligated to promulgate regulations to implement the statutory standards. When Congress failed to meet the deadline, the obligation to issue privacy regulations passed to DHHS. DHHS received over 52,000 comments on the proposed regulations. Responses to the comments and the final rule were published in the Federal Register on December 28, 2000. The cost of implementing the regulations over a ten-year period was estimated at $17.6 billion by DHHS. Industry estimates the cost at five times that amount.
Coordination of Emergency Management, Biosafety, Occupational Health Personnel, and Senior Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Los Alamos National Laboratory [Slides]
The presentation was intended for the EMI SIG Annual Meeting Subcommittee on Technical Analysis and Response Support in August 2020 and included strategies and policies regarding essential workers and returning to work.
C-AAC Occupancy and Transition Out of CMR [Slides]
This in-depth evaluation was performed in order to gather information for a plan and time estimate of C-AAC space cleanout and handover to the CMR facility once programmatic operations are relocated to other facilities. C-AAC space ownership in CMR wings 1, 5, 7, and 9 have been identified down to the Team level (see subsequent slides and other supporting documentation). This plan assumes that C-AAC activities that support Pu sustainment efforts (Wings 1, 5, and 7) are relocated to PF-4 and RLUOB in mid/end FY24 and current projects in Wing 9 are completed by the end of FY24/mid FY25 (cessation of C-AAC programmatic operations in CMR). This plan assumes that no other programmatic activities are initiated in CMR (e.g. MOX fuel rods). Timing and order of cleanout of programmatic laboratory and office spaces in wings 1, 5, and 7 is dependent upon analytical chemistry operations being established and relocated to RLUOB and PF-4. Timing and order of cleanout of programmatic laboratory and office spaces in wing 9 is dependent upon completion of current projects (MR&R, Thermo Fisher drum, etc.). As C-AAC Teams move out of the CMR building and into other facilities, the spaces occupied by those teams are planned to be targeted for in depth cleanout in the order that teams and capabilities are relocated.
The Role of Occupation Probability in Hydrogen Line Profile Spectra.
Abstract not provided.
Acoustics Examination of Kappa West Firing ARMAG for Personnel Occupancy
In April of 2023, LANL conducted a series of explosive tests at the Kappa West firing mound at BEEF, NNSS, to examine noise levels within the diagnostics ARMAG next to the firing mound. The intent was to establish an explosive mass that could be detonated on the mound without generating blast noise inside the ARMAG which would be unsafe for personnel. The blast noise threshold for personnel safety during intentional firing operations is 140 dB. Based on data collected during prior experiments, it was anticipated that the noise levels inside the ARMAG would be 20-30 dB lower than noise levels outside the ARMAG. However, data from prior experiments were collected from charges that were not consistent geometries and test layouts, so it was unknown what quantity of explosive would generate the threshold noise level. A prediction was made using the BEC-O standard blast calculator from the DDESB, from which it was estimated that a single, consolidated 60-pound charge at 180 feet would generate blast noise levels of about 170 dB, with noise levels falling to a predicted 166 dB at 250 feet.
Los Alamos National Laboratory New Hire Orientation: Occupational Health & Wellbeing [Slides]
Abstract not provided.
No Band Gap, No Problem: Atomic defects in narrow bandgap materials via a band-avoiding occupation-constrained density functional theory
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Development of an Occupancy Schedule for OpenStudio Prototype College Building Model
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Site Occupancy Preference and Magnetic Properties in Nd 2 (Fe,Co) 14 B
Partial replacement of Fe by Co is an effective method to increase Curie temperature (T C ) , which improves the thermal stability of magnetic properties in Nd 2 Fe 14 B-based permanent magnets. The correlation between Fe substitution and magnetic properties has been studied in Nd 2 (Fe,Co) 14 B via a first-principles calculation. The calculated Fe substitution energies indicate that the Co atoms avoid the 8 j 2 site, which agrees with the experiments. The Co atoms are ferromagnetically coupled with Fe sublattice and show magnetic moments of about 1.2 to 1.7 μ B at different crystallographic sites, less than that of Fe (2.1–2.7 μ B ), resulting in the decrease in total magnetization at ground state (0 K) with increasing Co content. The effective exchange interaction parameter, derived from the energy difference between varied magnetic structures, increases from 7.8 meV to 17.0 meV with increasing Co content from x = 0 to x = 14 in Nd 2 Fe 14–x Co x B. This change in the effective exchange interaction parameter is responsible for the enhancement of T C in Nd 2 (Fe,Co) 14 B. The total magnetization at 300 K, derived from mean-field theory, shows a peak maximum value at x = 1 in Nd 2 Fe 14–x Co x B. The phenomenon results from the interplay between the reduction of the magnetic moment in the Fe(Co) sublattice and the enhancement of T C with increasing Co content.
Unveiling the Occupational Exposure to Microbial Contamination in Conservation–Restoration Settings
Assuring a proper environment for the fulfillment of professional activities is one of the Sustainable Development Goals and is contemplated in the One Health approach assumed by the World Health Organization. This particular study is applied to an often neglected sector of our society—the conservators/restorers—despite the many health issues reported by these professionals. Three different specialties (textiles, paintings and wood sculpture) and locations were selected for evaluation by placement of electrostatic dust cloths. After treatment of the samples, bacterial and fungal contamination were assessed, as well as mycotoxin determination, the presence of azole-resistant strains and cytotoxicity of the microorganisms encountered. Bacteria were only present in one of medias used and showed relatively low numbers. The highest level of contamination by fungi was identified in one of the textiles settings. The textile area also showed the highest variability for fungi. Aspergillus sp. are one indicator of possible environmental issues, and A. sections Fumigati and Circumdati were particularly relevant in two of the settings and identified in all of them. No mycotoxins were detected and the large majority of the fungi identified were non-cytotoxic. Overall, these can be considered low-contaminated environments but attention should be given to the Aspergillus sp. contamination. Additional studies are needed not only to make these results more robust, but also to test if the environmental sampling alone is the best approach in a setting where there is very little movement and dust displacement and where professionals are in very close proximity to the artefacts being treated, which may suggest the existence of a micro-atmosphere worth evaluating and comparing to the obtained results.
A space-time tracking algorithm for high occupancy events at future colliders
We propose to explore the potential advantages of a newclass of tracking algorithms loosely inspired by the Hough transformconcept and where we include the time of arrival of each hit as anadditional coordinate to be treated in the same way as a spatialcoordinate. A remarkable property of this algorithm is that theexecution time is proportional to the total number of hits to beprocessed, making it particularly attractive for high occupancysituations expected at future colliders. The particular structureof the algorithm also lends itself naturally to parallel hardwareimplementations which, combined to its intrinsic flexibility, shouldprovide a powerful tool for triggering at future colliders. To probethe effectiveness of the algorithm, we apply it to a quasi-realisticsimulated environment of a possible future muon collider experimentand report the performance.
Integrating habitat‐masked range maps with quantifications of prevalence to estimate area of occupancy in IUCN assessments
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