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311 records · Page 18

Advances in light system engineering across the phototrophic spectrum

Current work in photosynthetic engineering is progressing along the lines of cyanobacterial, microalgal, and plant research. These are interconnected through the fundamental mechanisms of photosynthesis and advances in one field can often be leveraged to improve another. It is worthwhile for researchers specializing in one or more of these systems to be aware of the work being done across the entire research space as parallel advances of techniques and experimental approaches can often be applied across the field of photosynthesis research. This review focuses on research published in recent years related to the light reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and plants. Highlighted are attempts to improve photosynthetic efficiency, and subsequent biomass production. Also discussed are studies on cross-field heterologous expression, and related work on augmented and novel light capture systems. This is reviewed in the context of translatability in research across diverse photosynthetic organisms.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Improving Microalgal Biomass Productivity Using Weather-Forecast-Informed Operations

The operation of microalgal cultivation systems, such as culture dilution associated with harvests, affects biomass productivity. However, the constantly changing incident light and ambient temperature in the outdoor environment make it difficult to determine the operational parameters that result in optimal biomass growth. To address this problem, we present a pond operation optimization tool that predicts biomass growth based on future weather conditions to identify the optimal dilution rate that maximizes biomass productivity. The concept was tested by comparing the biomass productivities of three dilution scenarios: standard batch cultivation (no dilution), fixed-rate dilution (harvest 60% of the culture every three days), and weather-forecast-informed dilution. In the weather-forecast-informed case, the culture was diluted daily, and the dilution ratio was optimized by the operation optimization tool according to the future 24 h weather condition. The results show that the weather-forecast-informed dilution improved the biomass productivity by 47% over the standard batch cultivation and 20% over the fixed-rate dilution case. These results demonstrate that the pond operation optimization tool could help pond operators to make decisions that maximize biomass growth in the field under ever-changing weather conditions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Protein Extraction, Precipitation, and Recovery from Chlorella sorokiniana Using Mechanochemical Methods

Protein extraction, precipitation, and recovery methods were evaluated by this study using a green alga—Chlorella sorokiniana. A mechanochemical cell disruption process was applied to facilitate protein extraction from microalgal biomass. Optimization of the mechanochemical process resulted in milling conditions that achieved a protein extraction of 52.7 ± 6.45%. The consequent acid precipitation method was optimized to recover 98.7% of proteins from the microalgal slurry. The measured protein content of the protein isolate was 41.4% w/w. These results indicate that the precipitation method is successful at recovering the extracted proteins in the algal slurry; however, the removal of non-protein solids during centrifugation and pH adjustment is not complete. The energy balance analysis elucidated that the energy demand of the protein extraction and recovery operation, at 0.83 MJ/kg dry algal biomass, is much lower than previous studies using high-pressure homogenization and membrane filtration. This study concludes that mechanochemical protein extraction and recovery is an effective, low-energy processing method, which could be used by algal biorefineries to prepare algal proteins for value-added chemical production as well as to make algal carbohydrates and lipids in the residual biomass more accessible for biofuel production.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Combined Algal Processing for the Synthesis of Liquid Oleofuels and Products (CAPSLOC) - WBS 1.3.4.204

Combined Algal Processing for the Synthesis of Liquid Oleofuels and Products (CAPSLOC) aims to develop a biorefinery concept that is composition-agnostic and enables economically, environmentally, and socially viable biofuel production by maximizing the value from each fraction. To achieve this, we have employed an iterative approach between R&D and TEA/LCA to establish process targets and quantify improvements in the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP), reduce carbon intensity, and support the state of technology (SOT). We have surveyed various methods for biomass pretreatment and successfully demonstrated pre-pilot scale pretreatment in batch mode. Using techniques such as lipid modification, fermentation, mild oxidative treatment (MOT), and carbonization, we have developed biofuel precursors and a range of value-added co-products. Our project has demonstrated significant improvements in key aspects of algae processing, particularly in pretreatment technologies suitable for variable composition, co-products available from lipid and extracted solid streams, conditioning and fermenting high-protein hydrolysates, and recovering nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients for recycling to cultivation ponds. The success of this project will support the commercialization of a sustainable microalgal biorefinery industry.

biofuel↗