Collisionless damping of hydromagnetic waves.
Dispersion relation for hydromagnetic waves in infinite collisionless plasma in static magnetic field, using numerical solutions
PLASMA DISPERSION↗
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Results for “MAGNETIC DISPERSION”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Magnetic field structure in Monoceros R2
We have carried out polarimetric observations to investigate the geometry of the magnetic field in the giant molecular cloud Monoceros R2. This study is based upon deep R-band charge coupled device (CCD) polarimetry, covering a total area of 0.5 deg(exp 2) of the giant molecular cloud. The data were calibrated using a new technique that relies on obtaining broad-band photometry of stars simultaneously with polarimetric photometry of the Mon R2 fields, thus providing an accurate means of measuring the electric vectors of starlight which is polarized by the fore-ground dust grains aligned by the magnetic field in the Mon R2 GMC. In this work, (1) we were able to continuously trace magnetic field lines from the largest scales in Mon R2 to the detailed structure of the field in the dense core, as determined from infrared polarimetry; and (2) we have found that the ambient field is apparently modified by a large-scale structure in the Mon R2 cloud. The mean angle of polarization for the complete sample we measured is 158 deg, which is roughly coincident with the local Galactic magnetic field (155 deg). The dispersion in the angle of polarization is 33 deg, similar to that found in the Orion GMC. The dispersion in angle of polarization for stars located along the western side of the three CCD fields is 22 deg. The CCD fields are bisected by a dense ridge of gas defining the boundary of an expanding gas shell that recent observational results at millimeter wavelengths now reveal dominates the Mon R2 GMC. Our results suggest th at the expanding shell has distorted the magnetic field lines extending from the core to the northern gas structure comprising Mon R2.
Jarrett, T. H.↗
Magnetic Merging Locations Deduced from: Slow-Mode Shock Orientation Determinations, Boundary Layer Wave Intensities and Energetic Ion Velocity Dispersion in the Distant Geomagnetic Tail
Several techniques will be used to determine the location of the magnetic reconnection in the distant geomagnetic tail using the ISEE-3. Techniques to be used are calculated wave-particle scattering time, plasmoid source location (if a plasmoid is found), analysis of the magnetic field geometry and slow-mode shock orientation, and examination of the magnetic field Bz components and plasma bulk speeds.
geomagnetic tail ISEE-3 magnetic fields↗
Harmonic generation in magnetized quantum plasma
A study of second harmonic generation by propagation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave through homogeneous high density quantum plasma in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The nonlinear current density and dispersion relations for the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies have been obtained using the recently developed quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model. The effect of quantum Bohm potential, Fermi pressure and the electron spin have been taken into account. The second harmonic is found to be less dispersed than the first.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Structure of generalized ion Bernstein modes from the full electromagnetic dispersion relation.
Generalized ion Bernstein modes for electrostatic wave propagation across magnetic field and not parallel to electric field in warm plasma, noting dispersion relation
Fredricks, R. W.↗
Monomeric [alpha]-Synuclein Binds Congo Red Micelles in a Disordered Manner
The histological dye Congo Red (CR) previously has been shown to inhibit {alpha}-synuclein (aS) fibrillation, but the mode of this inhibition remained unclear. Because of favorable exchange kinetics, interaction between CR and aS lends itself to a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance study, and relaxation dispersion measurements yield the bound fraction and time scales for the interaction of aS with CR. We find that at pH 6, CR exists as a micelle, and at a CR:aS molar ratio of {approx}1, only a small fraction of aS ({approx}2%) is bound to these micelles. Rapid exchange (k{sub ex} {approx} 3000 s{sup -1}) between the free and CR-bound states broadens and strongly attenuates resonances of aS by two processes: a magnetic field-dependent contribution, caused by the chemical shift difference between the two states, and a nearly field-independent contribution caused by slower tumbling of aS bound to the CR micelle. The salt dependence of the interaction suggests a predominantly electrostatic mechanism for the 60 N-terminal residues, while the weaker interaction between residues 61-100 and CR is mostly hydrophobic. Chemical shift and transferred NOE data indicate that aS becomes slightly more helical but remains largely disordered when bound to CR. Results indicate that inhibition of fibril formation does not result from binding of CR to free aS and, therefore, must result from interaction of aS fibrils or protofibrils with CR micelles.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Quasi-optical simulation of the electron cyclotron plasma heating in a mirror magnetic trap
The resonance microwave plasma heating in a large-scale open magnetic trap is simulated taking into account all the basic wave effects during the propagation of short-wavelength wave beams (diffraction, dispersion, and aberration) within the framework of the consistent quasi-optical approximation of Maxwell’s equations. The quasi-optical method is generalized to the case of inhomogeneous media with absorption dispersion, a new form of the quasi-optical equation is obtained, the efficient method for numerical integration is found, and simulation results are verified on the GDT facility (Novosibirsk).
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Phase diagrams and Hofstadter butterflies in the strongly correlated bosonic systems on the lattices with Dirac points
Gauge potentials with different configurations have been recently realized in the optical lattice experiments. It is remarkable that one of the simplest gauge potential can generate particle energy spectrum with the self-similar structure known as a Hofstadter butterfly. We investigate theoretically the impact of strong on-site interaction on such a spectrum in the bosonic Mott insulator within Bose–Hubbard model. In particular, it is shown that the fractal structure is encoded in the quasi-particle and hole bosonic branches for different lattice backgrounds. For example a square lattice and other structures (brick-wall and staggered magnetic flux lattice) which contain Dirac points in energy dispersions are considered. This shows that single-particle physics is still present even in the strong interaction limit for whole Hofstadter spectrum. Additionally we observe, that although in brick-wall and staggered flux lattices the quasi-particle densities of states look qualitatively similar, the corresponding Hofstadter butterfly assumes different forms. In particular, we use a superposition of two different synthetic gauge fields which appears to be a generator of non-trivial phenomena in the optical lattice systems. We also discuss the consequences of these phenomena on the phase diagrams between bosonic Mott insulator and superfluid phase. The analysis is carried out within the strong coupling expansion method on the finite size lattices and also at finite temperatures which are relevant for the currently made experiments.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
On the structure of solar and stellar coronae - Loops and loop heat transport
We discuss the principal constraints on mechanisms for structuring and heating the outer atmospheres - the coronae - of stars. We argue that the essential cause of highly localized heating in the coronae of stars like the sun is the spatially intermittent nature of stellar surface magnetic fields, and that the spatial scale of the resulting coronal structures is related to the spatial structure of the photospheric fields. We show that significant constraints on coronal heating mechanisms derive from the observed variations in coronal emission, and, in addition, show that the observed structuring perpendicular to coronal magnetic fields imposes severe constraints on mechanisms for heat dispersal in the low-beta atmosphere. In particular, we find that most of commonly considered mechanisms for heat dispersal, such as anomalous diffusion due to plasma turbulence or magnetic field line stochasticity, are much too slow to account for the observed rapid heating of coronal loops. The most plausible mechanism appears to be reconnection at the interface between two adjacent coronal flux bundles. Based on a model invoking hyperresistivity, we show that such a mechanism naturally leads to dominance of isolated single bright coronal loops and to bright coronal plasma structures whose spatial scale transverse to the local magnetic field is comparable to observed dimensions of coronal X-ray loops.
Litwin, Christof↗
Use of magnetic carbon composites from renewable resource materials for oil spill clean up and recovery
A method of separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water, includes: (a) mixing magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture; (b) applying a magnetic force to the mixture to attract the magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by the liquid hydrocarbon material; and (c) removing the body of water from the magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by the liquid hydrocarbon material while maintaining the applied magnetic force. The magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow the carbon-metal nanocomposites to be formed.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Fast sausage modes in magnetic tubes with continuous transverse profiles: effects of a finite plasma beta
While standing fast sausage modes in flare loops are often invoked to interpret quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in solar flares, it is unclear as to how they are influenced by the combined effects of a continuous transverse structuring and a finite internal plasma beta (β{sub i}). We derive a generic dispersion relation governing linear sausage waves in straight magnetic tubes for which plasma pressure is not negligible, and the density and temperature inhomogeneities of essentially arbitrary form take place in a layer of arbitrary width. Focusing on fast modes, we find that β{sub i} only weakly influences k{sub c}, the critical longitudinal wavenumber separating the leaky from trapped modes. Likewise, for both trapped and leaky modes, the periods P in units of the transverse fast time depend only weakly on β{sub i}, which is compatible with the fact that the effective wave vectors of fast sausage modes are largely perpendicular to the background magnetic field. However, a weak β{sub i} dependence of the damping times τ is seen only when the length-to-radius ratio L/R is ∼50% larger than some critical value π/(k{sub c}R), which itself rather sensitively depends on the density contrast, profile steepness, as well as on how the transverse structuring is described. In the context of QPPs, we conclude that the much simpler zero-beta theory can be employed for trapped modes, as long as one sees the deduced internal Alfvén speed as actually being the fast speed. In contrast, effects due to a finite beta in flare loops should be considered when leaky modes are exploited.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
The influence of PEG-4000 and silica on crystal structure and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite (MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) nanoparticles
In this paper, reports the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) and silica on crystal structure and magnetic properties of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles which is synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The particle size of before coated MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was around 10.5 nm, and became 5.2 nm after PEG-4000 coating and 18.8 nm after silica coating. After coating, there were appeared new phases, α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} (antiferromagnetic), SiO{sub 2} and γ-FeO(OH) which are paramagnetics. The second phase sample decreased responses to the external field. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) morphology analysis on nanoparticles which was coated with PEG 4000 showed that the particles become more spherical, more dispersive, and less aglomerated. The magnetic hysteresis loops which was investigated with Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) indicated that coercivity of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was 120.7 Oe, and then decreased to 40.9 Oe after coating and 34.7 Oe for coating with PEG-4000 and silica, respectively. At 15 kOe, the magnetization value decreased from 2.69 emu/g to 0.96 emu/g after coating with PEG-4000 and increased 2.82 emu/g after silica coating. The result revealed the coating with both PEG-4000 and silica influence the magnetic properties of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Electroacoustic Excitation of Spin Waves and Their Detection due to the Inverse Spin Hall Effect
Abstract—In this paper, we present theoretical and experimental results on the excitation and detection of spin waves and spin currents in multifrequency bulk acoustic wave resonators containing iron–yttrium garnet (YIG) films in contact with the Pt film. Acoustically excited magnetic precession under the resonator conditions was established to produce spin pumping that also has a resonance character. A significant asymmetry in the frequency dependence of the voltage signal detected on the Pt film is revealed with respect to the frequency of the magnetoelastic resonance and is confirmed by theoretical calculations. Acoustic resonator spectroscopy in combination with the electric detection of magnetic dynamics using the inverse spin Hall effect is shown to be of interest for studying the dispersion of spin waves, as well as magnetic and magnetoelastic parameters of ferromagnetic films.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Measurement of the thermal effects in the dispersion relation of the dust acoustic wave in the presence of a magnetic field
This award supported an experimental study of the properties of the dust acoustic wave, low-frequency, l ongitudinal wave mode that propagates through the dust component of a dusty plasma system and is self-excited by the free energy from the ion streaming p ast the dust, in the presence of a high magnetic fiel d. In particular, this project measured the thermal state of dusty plasma system by measuring the dispersi on relation of the dust acoustic wave while varying (1) the strength and direction of the magnetic field relative to the propagation direction of the wave and (2) the neutral gas pressure. By exploiting the unique ability of the MDPX facility to generate a dusty plasma in a high magnetic field environment, it is possible to create a preferential ion flow along the magnetic field lines as the ions become magnetized. In this way, the magnetic field strength can be used to control t he strength of the ion flow through the dust cloud an d provide insight into the contribution that one of the physical mechanisms, a two-stream ion-dust instability, thought to be responsible for high temperatures that have been previously observed might have. This work was completed over two, one-week long runs o n the Magnetized Dusty Plasma eXperiment (MDPX) in the Magnetized Plasma Research Laboratory at Auburn University and supported by work at Wittenberg University (development of an electrode system that would allow for the wave mode to propagate in th e direction of gravity as the orientation of the magnetic field is changed by rotating the magnets on the M DPX device, analysis of data acquired during the experimental campaigns, testing alternative strategies to form a dust cloud based on what was learned the first experimental campaign, etc.).
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
The nearby 2-solar mass Bok globule LBN 11 - Sub-sonic molecular clumps in a magnetic environment
A multiwavelength study of the nearby small Bok globule LBN 11 is performed in order to investigate the relationship between embedded magnetic fields, cloud structure, and star formation. Optical polarimetry of background stars is used to characterize and trace the embedded magnetic field direction. High-dispersion CO isotopic mapping is employed to determine the radial density distribution of the gas, measure cloud rotation, and identify individual gas clumps. CS and SO mapping revealed dense cores within the (C-13)O clumps. Analysis of coadded IRAS images reveal the cloud to be free of current or recent star formation: there are no IR point sources of sufficient flux or proper colors to signify young stars associated with the cloud. The molecular line maps show the cloud to be extremely clumpy. Clumps are found to range in size from 0.2 pc for the largest CO clump to about 0.04 pc for the smallest CS feature. It is concluded that, at least in the envelope of the cloud, the magnetic field and the CO clumps are coupled.
Clemens, Dan P.↗
Ion gyroradius effects on particle trapping in kinetic Alfven waves along auroral field lines
In this study, a 2-D self-consistent hybrid gyrofluid-kinetic electron model is used to investigate Alfven wave propagation along dipolar magnetic field lines for a range of ion to electron temperature ratios. The focus of the investigation is on understanding the role of these effects on electron trapping in kinetic Alfven waves sourced in the plasma sheet and the role of this trapping in contributing to the overall electron energization at the ionosphere. This work also builds on our previous effort by considering a similar system in the limit of fixed initial parallel current, rather than fixed initial perpendicular electric field. It is found that the effects of particle trapping are strongest in the cold ion limit and the kinetic Alfven wave is able to carry trapped electrons a large distance along the field line yielding a relatively large net energization of the trapped electron population as the phase speed of the wave is increased. However, as the ion temperature is increased, the ability of the kinetic Alfven wave to carry and energize trapped electrons is reduced by more significant wave energy dispersion perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field which reduces the amplitude of the wave. This reduction of wave amplitude in turn reduces both the parallel current and the extent of the high-energy tails evident in the energized electron populations at the ionospheric boundary (which may serve to explain the limited extent of the broadband electron energization seen in observations). Here, even in the cold ion limit, trapping effects in kinetic Alfven waves lead to only modest electron energization for the parameters considered (on the order of tens of eV) and the primary energization of electrons to keV levels coincides with the arrival of the wave at the ionospheric boundary.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Microwave-polyol controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of monodisperse Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/MWCNT nanocomposites
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Microwave-polyol preparation of monodisperse Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/MWCNT nanocomposites. • The composition is controlled through adjusting atomic ratios of Co and Ni salts. • Ms increases with increasing Co content. Hc is zero exhibiting superparamagnetic. - Abstract: Monodisperse Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) with controllable composition attached on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by microwave-polyol method. The composition of Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the atomic ratios of cobalt and nickel nitrate in the mixed solution. The influence of the microwave power and microwave irradiation time on the monodispersion of nanoparticles was also investigated. The results show quasi-spherical Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles with the face-centered cubic structure and average crystallite size (6 nm) are uniformly dispersed on MWCNTs. The saturation magnetization of Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/MWCNT nanocomposites increases gradually from 12.90 to 20.03 emu/g with increasing Co{sup 2+} concentration. The coercivity is almost zero at room temperature, which indicates the superparamagnetic behavior.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Propagation and dispersion of whistler waves generated by fast reconnection onset
The role of whistler mode during the onset of magnetic reconnection (MR) has been widely suggested, but the manifestations of its highly dispersive and anisotropic propagation properties in reconnection events remain largely unclear. Comparing results from a recently developed theoretical model for reconnection in terms of whistler's dispersive behavior with those reported from laboratory experiments on fast spontaneous magnetic reconnection, we demonstrate that the onset of fast reconnection in electron current layers (ECLs) emits whistler wave packets. The time scale of the explosively fast reconnection events are inversely related to the whistler mode frequencies at the lower end of the whistler frequency band. The wave packets in this frequency band have a characteristic angular dispersion, which marks the initial opening of the reconnection exhaust angle. The multidimensional propagation of the whistler for the reconnection with a strong guide magnetic field is investigated, showing that the measured propagation velocities of the reconnection electric field along the guide field in the Versatile Toroidal Facility at MIT quantitatively compare with the group velocities of the whistler wave packets. The whistler mode dispersive properties measured in laboratory experiments without a guide magnetic field in the magnetic reconnection experiments at Princeton also compare well with the theoretically predicted dispersion of the wave packets depending on the ECL width. Fast normalized reconnection rates extending to {approx}0.35 at the MR onset in thin ECLs imply whistler wave propagation away from the onset location. We also present evidences for the whistler wave packets being emitted from reconnection diffusion region as seen in simulations and satellite observations.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗