Processing of ERTS-1 multispectral data of India
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Thomson, F. J.↗
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The sail wing windmill and its adaptation for use in rural India
An 8 meter-diameter prototype sail wing windmill is reported that uses a one meter-diameter bullock cartwheel to which three bamboo poles are latched in a triangular pattern with overlapping ends, to form the airframe for cloth sails. This device lifts 300 pounds to a height of 20 feet in one minute in a 10 mph wind.
Sherman, M. M.↗
Shocked basalt from Lonar Impact Crater, India, and experimental analogues
Samples of Lonar basalts were experimentally shocked in vacuum to pressures between 200 and 650 kbar by a 20 mm, high-velocity gun. Plagioclase and palagonite in experimentally shocked samples show deformation similar to that in the naturally shocked rocks, but pyroxene does not show optically resolvable edge melting. It is estimated that pressures in excess of 800-1000 kbar are required for the formation of totally shock-melted rocks from nonporous basalt.
Kieffer, S. W.↗
Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). A wheat yield model for Punjab, India
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Procter, M. H.↗
A study of time dissemination via satellite in India
A simultaneous two way clock synchronization experiment between three Earth stations, was performed and improvements over the technique earlier attempted in which transmit/receive roles of the two stations were alternated at regular intervals, were studied. Time signals via two modes high frequency and satellite were critically monitored and analyzed. This time format was modified to include the additional information about time of the day in year, month, day, hour, minute and second as well as DUT1 in BCD code and was disseminated via the satellite. These signals were decoded, displayed and studied. Some preliminary work on time transfer via TV using direct satellite broadcast, was also conducted.
Mathur, B. S.↗
As-built design specification for the India monthly data base
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Williams, K.↗
Interpretation of the shape factor at Ootacamund, India
The paper deals with equatorial ATS-6 measurements of the shape factor, F, interpreted in terms of the shape of the electron density profile along the ray path. The observed rapid increase in F at sunrise is attributed to EUV production of ionization in the E and F regions. The evening decrease is seen to result from an upward drift of the F region at sunset and the evening decay of the E and bottomside F regions. The nighttime peak, or plateau, is caused by gradual decrease of the electron density profile.
Donnelly, R. F.↗
The contribution of space observations to water resources management; Proceedings of the Symposium, Bangalore, India, May 29-June 9, 1979
The symposium focused on hydrology, soil moisture estimation and ground water exploration, wetlands monitoring and water quality estimation, hydrometeorology, snow and ice monitoring, and evapotranspiration estimation. Other problems discussed include surface water and flood mapping, watershed runoff estimation and prediction, and new space systems contributing to water resources management.
Salomonson, V. V.↗
Report of MAGSAT project by Survey of India
Magsat data fo quiet days for the period 4.11.79, 17.11.79 to 24.11.79, which pertains to 44 passes, was screened to exclude the the period of exclude the period of maximum diurnal variation. The results of this screening process is a data set that has the effect, (or at least the major part of the effect), of the external field removed from it. Such a data set is the basis for further analysis which is in hand. The data set is now being reduced to horizontal plane. The mathematical techniques uses a finite harmonic series representation of the three dimensional data, combined with least squares approach for the solution of coefficients. A computer programme was developed to reduce satellite data to a common elevation.
Sawhney, J. L.↗
An ancient depleted mantle source for Archean crust in Rajasthan, India
Data from an initial set of Banded Gneiss Complex (BGC) east of the city of Udaipur are given. In this region the BGC comprises typical grey gneiss with variably abundant granitic and mafic components. Efforts to date were concentrated on the mafic components which, based on chemical data, appear to be metavolcanic. All samples examined were recrystallized under amphibolite or upper amphibolite facies conditions. Pertinent chemical data for a small number of amphibolites analyzed so far are: SiO2: 49-53%; MgO: 5.7-7.3%; K2O: 0.24-0.50%; Ni: 106-140 ppm; Zr: 37-159 ppm. From Sm/Nd data, all amphibolites show small to moderate LREE enrichments.
Macdougall, J. D.↗
Development of an atomic rubidium vapour frequency standard at NPL of India using indigenous sources
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Singh, V. R.↗
Tectonic evolution of greenstone-Gneiss association in Dharwar Craton, South India: Problems and perspectives for future research
The two fold stratigraphic subdivision of the Archean-Proterozoic greenstone-gneiss association of Dharwar craton into an older Sargur group (older than 2.9 Ga.) and a younger Dharwar Supergroup serves as an a priori stratigraphic model. The concordant greenstone (schist)-gneiss (Peninsular gneiss) relationships, ambiguities in stratigraphic correlations of the schist belts assigned to Sargur group and difficulties in deciphering the older gneiss units can be best appreciated if the Sargur group be regarded as a trimodal association of: (1) ultrabasic-mafic metavolcanics (including komatiites), (2) clastic and nonclastic metasediments and paragneisses and (3) mainly tonalite/trondhemite gneisses and migmatites of diverse ages which could be as old as c. 3.4 ga. or even older. The extensive occurrence of this greenstone-gneiss complex is evident from recent mapping in many areas of central and southern Karnataka State.
Rao, Y. J. B.↗
Geochemical characters and tectonic evolution of the Chitradurga schist belt: An Archaean suture (?) of the Dharwar Craton, India
The Chitradurga schist belt extending for about 450 km in a NS direction and 2-50 km across, is one of the most prominent Archean (2.6 b.y.) tectonic features of the Indian Precambrian terrain, comprising about 2 to 10 km thick sequence of volcano sedimentary rocks. The basal unit of this belt is composed of an orthoquartzite-carbonate facies, unlike many other contemporary greentone belts of the Gondwana land which begin with a basal mafic-ultramafic sequence. Eighty percent of the belt is made up of detrital and chemogenic sediments, their succession commencing with a poorly preserved quartz pebble basal conglomerate and current bedded quartzites which, in turn, rest on tonalitic gneisses, the latter having been further remobilized with along the schist belt. Deposition of current bedded matue arenites indicte the existence of platformal conditions near the shore line. Polymictic graywacke conglomerates, graywackes, shales, phyllites, carbonates, BIFs (oxide, carbonate and sulfide) BMF's (Banded Maganese Formations) and cherts thus constitute the main sedimentary rocks of the belt. The polymicitic conglomerates contain debris of rocks of older greenstone sequences, as well as an abundant measure of folded quartzites, BIF's and gneissic fragments which represent earlier orogenies.
Naqvi, S. M.↗
Finite strain calculations of continental deformation. I - Method and general results for convergent zones. II - Comparison with the India-Asia collision zone
The present investigation has the objective to perform numerical experiments on a rheologically simple continuum model for the continental lithosphere. It is attempted to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of continental deformation. Calculations are presented of crustal thickness distributions, stress, strain, strain rate fields, latitudinal displacements, and finite rotations, taking into account as basis a model for continental collision which treats the litoshphere as a thin viscous layer subject to indenting boundary conditions. The results of this paper support the conclusions of England and McKenzie (1982) regarding the role of gravity in governing the deformation of a thin viscous layer subject to indenting boundary conditions. The results of the experiments are compared with observations of topography, stress and strain rate fields, and palaeomagnetic latitudinal displacements in Asia.
Houseman, G.↗
The Kerala Khondalite Belt (KKB) of Southern India: An ensialic mobile belt
The Proterozoic Kerala Khondalite belt of the Southern Indian Shield is described, a belt dominated by granulite grade (750 C, 5 to 6 kbar) supracrustal rocks whose protoliths included arkoses and shales with cratonic provenances. Rare earth elements and other geochemical signatures suggest a granitic source for these metasediments, possibly the spatially associated charnockite massifs. The presence of intercalated mafic gneisses, interpreted as basalts, implies a cratonic rift basin rather than a foreland basin setting. It was argued that the Kerala, as well as other early Proterozoic mobile belts formed during abortive continental rifting without major additions of new crust.
Chacko, Thomas↗
Rapid early Miocene acceleration of uplift in the Gangdese Belt, Xizang (southern Tibet), and its bearing on accommodation mechanisms of the India-Asia collision
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Copeland, Peter↗
Geochemistry of K/T boundaries in India and contributions of Deccan volcanism
Three possible Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary sections in the Indian subcontinent were studied for their geochemical and fossil characteristics. These include two marine sections of Meghalaya and Zanskar and one continental section of Nagpur. The Um Sohryngkew river section of Meghalaya shows a high iridium, osmium, iron, cobalt, nickel and chromium concentration in a 1.5 cm thick limonitic layer about 30 cm below the planktonic Cretaceous-Palaeocene boundary identified by the characteristic fossils. The Bottaccione and Contessa sections at Gubbio were also analyzed for these elements. The geochemical pattern at the boundary at the Um Sohryngkew river and Gubbio sections are similar but the peak concentrations and the enrichment factors are different. The biological boundary is not as sharp as the geochemical boundary and the extinction appears to be a prolonged process. The Zanskar section shows, in general, similar concentration of the siderophile, lithophile and rare earth elements but no evidence of enrichment of siderophiles has so far been observed. The Takli section is a shallow inter-trappean deposit within the Deccan province, sandwiched between flow 1 and flow 2. The geochemical stratigraphy of the inter-trappeans is presented. The various horizons of ash, clay and marl show concentration of Fe and Co, generally lower than the adjacent basalts. Two horizons of slight enrichment of iridium are found within the ash layers, one near the contact of flow 1 and other near the contact of flow 2, where iridium occurs at 170 and 260 pg/g. These levels are lower by a factor of 30 compared to Ir concentration in the K/T boundary in Meghalaya section. If the enhanced level of some elements in a few horizons of the ash layer are considered as volcanic contribution by some fractionation processes than the only elements for which it occurs are REE, Ir and possibly Cr.
Bhandari, N.↗
Workshop on the Deep Continental Crust of South India
The various theories in the field on the Southern Indian granulite formation are discussed in this workshop proceeding. That some widely accepted ideas about the origin of granulites, particularly relating to the role of metamorphic fluids, will have to be modified, is one outcome of the workshop. Extended abstracts of the papers presented, summaries of the attendant discussions, up-to-date accounts of the geology of the South Indian Precambrian Shield, and detailed field trip guides to all areas visited are presented. It should serve as a convenient source of information and reference to those interested in the classic Precambrian high grade terrains on Earth.
Ashwal, Lewis D.↗