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We combine heavy-quark renormalization group arguments with our understanding of the nucleon's wave function to deduce a bound on the gluon polarization {Delta}g in the proton. The bound is consistent with the values extracted from spin experiments at COMPASS and RHIC.
It is shown that the duality symmetry of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) equation can be interpreted as a symmetry under rotation of the BFKL kernel in the transverse space from s channel (color-dipole model) to t channel (Reggeized gluon formulation). It is argued that the duality symmetry also holds in the nonforward case due to a very special structure of the nonforward BFKL kernel, which can be written as a sum of three forward BFKL kernels. The duality symmetry is established by identifying the dual coordinates with the transverse coordinates of a nondiagonal dipole scattered off the target.
Shear and bulk viscosities of deconfined gluonic matter are investigated within an effective kinetic theory by describing the strongly interacting medium phenomenologically in terms of quasiparticle excitations with medium-dependent self-energies. We show that the resulting transport coefficients reproduce the parametric dependencies on temperature and coupling obtained in perturbative QCD at large temperatures and small running coupling. The extrapolation into the nonperturbative regime results in a decreasing specific shear viscosity with decreasing temperature, exhibiting a minimum in the vicinity of the deconfinement transition, while the specific bulk viscosity is sizable in this region, falling off rapidly with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of specific shear and bulk viscosities found within this quasiparticle description of the pure gluon plasma is in agreement with available lattice QCD results.
Shear and bulk viscosity-to-entropy density ratios are calculated for pure gluon matter in a nonequilibrium mean-field quasiparticle approach within the relaxation time approximation. We study how different approximations used in the literature affect the results for the shear and bulk viscosities. Though the results for the shear viscosity turned out to be quite robust, all evaluations of the shear and bulk viscosities obtained in the framework of the relaxation time approximation can be considered only as rough estimations.
We present that quark-gluon plasma produced at the early stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is unstable, if weakly coupled, due to the anisotropy of its momentum distribution. Chromomagnetic fields are spontaneously generated and can reach magnitudes much exceeding typical values of the fields in equilibrated plasma. We consider a high-energy test parton traversing an unstable plasma that is populated with strong fields. We study the momentum broadening parameter $ˆ\atop{q}$ which determines the radiative energy loss of the test parton. We develop a formalism which gives $ˆ\atop{q}$ as the solution of an initial value problem, and we focus on extremely oblate plasmas which are physically relevant for relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The parameter $ˆ\atop{q}$ is found to be strongly dependent on time. For short times it is of the order of the equilibrium value, but at later times $ˆ\atop{q}$ grows exponentially due to the interaction of the test parton with unstable modes and becomes much bigger than the value in equilibrium. The momentum broadening is also strongly directionally dependent and is largest when the test parton velocity is transverse to the beam axis. Lastly, consequences of our findings for the phenomenology of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are briefly discussed.
Recent classical-statistical numerical simulations have established the “bottom-up” thermalization scenario of Baier et al. [Phys. Lett. B 502, 51 (2001)] as the correct weak coupling effective theory for thermalization in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we perform a parametric study of photon production in the various stages of this bottom-up framework to ascertain the relative contribution of the off-equilibrium “glasma” relative to that of a thermalized quark-gluon plasma. Taking into account the constraints imposed by the measured charged hadron multiplicities at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we find that glasma contributions are important especially for large values of the saturation scale at both energies. Finally, these nonequilibrium effects should therefore be taken into account in studies where weak coupling methods are employed to compute photon yields.
In this paper, a study of two-photon and two-gluon decays in the context of p-wave heavy quarkonia is presented. Within the covariant light-front framework, the annihilation rates of scalar and tensor quarkonium states are derived. In the absence of free parameters in this case, the results for the charmonium decay widths are consistent with the experimental data. However, in comparison to other theoretical calculations, there are large discrepancies in our results regarding bottomonia.
We present an analysis of the loop-induced couplings of the Higgs boson to the massless gauge fields (gluons and photons) in the warped extra dimension models where all standard model fields propagate in the bulk. We show that in such models corrections to the hgg and h{gamma}{gamma} couplings are potentially very large. These corrections can lead to generically sizable deviations in the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, even when the new physics states lie beyond the direct reach of the LHC.
We generalize the most extensively used Gunion-Bertsch formula for the soft gluon emission in a perturbative QCD. We show that the corrections arising due to this generalization could be very important for the phenomenology of the hot and dense matter produced in the heavy-ion collisions.
I present the resummation of collinear and soft-gluon corrections to single top quark production in the t channel at next-to-next-to-leading logarithm accuracy using two-loop soft anomalous dimensions. The expansion of the resummed cross section yields approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order cross sections. Numerical results for t-channel single top quark (or single antitop) production at the Tevatron and the LHC are presented, including the dependence of the cross sections on the top quark mass and the uncertainties from scale variation and parton distributions. Combined results for all single top quark production channels are also given.
In high energy hadronic collisions, a scalar or pseudoscalar Higgs boson, {Phi}=H, A, can be efficiently produced via gluon fusion, which is mediated by heavy quark loops. In this paper, we consider double real emission corrections to {Phi}=A production, which lead to a Higgs plus two-jet final state, at order {alpha}{sub s}{sup 4}. Full quark mass effects are considered in the calculation of scattering amplitudes for the CP-odd Higgs boson A, as induced by quark triangle-, box-, and pentagon-diagrams. They complement the analogous results for a CP-even Higgs boson H in Ref. [1]. Interference effects between loops with top and bottom quarks as well as between CP-even and CP-odd couplings of the heavy quarks are fully taken into account.
Here, this work presents the first Bayesian inference study of the (3 + 1)D dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and quark-gluon plasma viscosities using an event-by-event (3 + 1)D hydrodynamics + hadronic transport theoretical framework and data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Beam energy scan program. Robust constraints on initial state nuclear stopping and the baryon chemical potential-dependent shear viscosity of the produced quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter are obtained. The specific bulk viscosity of the QCD matter is found to exhibit a preferred maximum around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV . This result allows for the alternative interpretation of a reduction (and/or increase) of the speed of sound relative to that of the employed lattice-QCD based equation of state for net baryon chemical potential μ B ~0.2(0.4) GeV .
We present a novel multimessenger approach to extract the effective radial flow of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by jointly analyzing thermal photon and dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions. A key feature of this method is that it circumvents the need for a directly unmeasurable reference—the photon temperature in the absence of flow—by establishing, within a calibrated model framework, a stable, approximately linear correlation with the dilepton-inferred temperature. This construction defines an experimentally constructible quantity, 𝑣$^{eff}_{𝑟}$, which reflects early-time collectivity and exhibits a strong correlation with the spacetime-averaged radial velocity of the QGP. Together with previous results linking dilepton slopes to the initial QGP temperature, our work establishes a consistent framework for electromagnetic tomography of the QGP. Here, our framework quantifies the experimental precision target, thereby providing a concrete road map for future measurements at RHIC and the LHC and opening a new avenue to probe the early-time dynamics of hot QCD matter.
The D-measure of net-charge fluctuations quantifies the variance of net charge in strongly interacting matter. It was introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signal of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions, where it is expected to be suppressed due to the fractional electric charges of quarks. Measurements have been performed at RHIC and LHC, but the conclusion has been elusive in the absence of quantitative calculations for both scenarios. We address this issue by employing a recently developed formalism of density correlations and incorporate resonance decays, local charge conservation, and experimental kinematic cuts. We find that the hadron gas scenario is in fair agreement with the ALICE data for $\sqrt{{𝑠}_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV Pb–Pb collisions only when a very short rapidity range of local charge conservation is enforced, while the QGP scenario is in excellent agreement with experimental data and largely insensitive to the range of local charge conservation. A Bayesian analysis of the data utilizing different priors yields moderate evidence for the freeze-out of charge fluctuations in the QGP phase relative to hadron gas. The upcoming high-fidelity measurements from LHC Run 2 will serve as a precision test of the two scenarios.
Recent computations of bottomonium correlation functions with extended sources in lattice-discretized quantum chromodynamics (lQCD) provide new insights into heavy-quark dynamics at distance scales which are of the order of the inverse temperature. We analyze these results employing the thermodynamic 𝑇-matrix framework, in a continued effort to interpret lQCD data for quarkonium correlation functions in a nonperturbative and self-consistently solved quantum-many-body approach to a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Its key inputs are the in-medium driving kernel (potential) of the scattering equation and an interference function which implements 3-body effects in the quarkonium coupling to the thermal medium. A simultaneous description of lQCD results for the bottomonium correlators with extended operators and the previously analyzed Wilson line correlators only requires minor refinements of the potential but calls for stronger interference effects at larger separation of the bottom quark and antiquark. We then analyze the poles of the self-consistent 𝑇 matrices on the real axis to assess the survival of the various bound states. Here, we estimate the pertinent temperatures where the poles disappear for the various bottomonium states and discuss the relation to the corresponding peaks in the bottomonium spectral functions. We also recalculate the spatial diffusion coefficient of the QGP and find it to be similar to that in our previous study.
The contributions of inverse gluon emission to the lowest order QCD corrections to the Drell-Yan process for future experiments at LHC are calculated. The use of fully differential cross sections makes it possible to apply readily the results of these calculations for experimental purposes (in correcting data from future experiments at LHC). It is shown analytically that the present results are independent of the quark mass. A numerical analysis of respective radiative effects is performed by means of the READY FORTRAN code with allowance for the experimental cuts used at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector.
Paramagnetism of gluons is shown to play the basic role in establishing main properties of QCD: IR freezing and asymptotic freedom (AF). Starting with Polyakov background field approach the first terms of background perturbation theory are calculated and shown to ensure not only the classical result of AF but also IR freezing. For the latter only the confining property of the background is needed, and the effective mass entering the IR freezing logarithms is calculated in good agreement with phenomenology and lattice data.
We present a set of formulas to extract the gluon distribution function from the Berger–Block–Tan form of the deep inelastic structure function F{sub 2} and its derivative dF{sub 2}/d ln Q{sup 2} at small x in the leading order of perturbation theory.