Deep inelastic scattering as a probe of entanglement: Confronting experimental data
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
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Results for “Experimental particle physics”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Experimental Single Electron 4D Tracking in IOTA
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An Experimental Overview of Neutrino Interactions
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Experimental Status: Atmospheric/Accelerator DIF and DAR
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Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics↗
Neutrino Theory in the Precision Era
This document summarises discussions on future directions in theoretical neutrino physics, which are the outcome of a neutrino theory workshop held at CERN in February 2025. The starting point is the realisation that neutrino physics offers unique opportunities to address some of the most fundamental questions in physics. This motivates a vigorous experimental programme which the theory community fully supports. \textbf{A strong effort in theoretical neutrino physics is paramount to optimally take advantage of upcoming neutrino experiments and to explore the synergies with other areas of particle, astroparticle, and nuclear physics, as well as cosmology.} Progress on the theory side has the potential to significantly boost the physics reach of experiments, as well as go well beyond their original scope. Strong collaboration between theory and experiment is essential in the precision era. To foster such collaboration, \textbf{we propose to establish a CERN Neutrino Physics Centre.} Taking inspiration from the highly successful LHC Physics Center at Fermilab, the CERN Neutrino Physics Centre would be the European hub of the neutrino community, covering experimental and theoretical activities.
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Dislocation-position fluctuations in solid 4He as collective variables in a quantum crystal
Abstract Quantum behavior at mesoscopic length scales is of significant interest, both from a fundamental-physics standpoint, as well as in the context of technological advances. In this light, the description of collective variables comprising large numbers of atoms, but nevertheless displaying non-classical behavior, is a fundamental problem. Here, we show that an effective-Hamiltonian approach for such variables, as has been applied to describe the quantum behavior of coupled qubit/oscillator systems, can also be very useful in understanding intrinsic behavior of quantum materials. We consider lattice dislocations – naturally occurring mesoscopic line defects in crystals – in the prototypical bosonic quantum crystal, solid 4 He. For this purpose, we map fully atomistic quantum simulations onto effective one-dimensional Hamiltonians in which the collective dislocation-position variables are represented as interacting, massive quantum particles. The results provide quantitative understanding of several experimental observations in solid 4 He.
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Interactions of particles with “continuous spin” fields
Powerful general arguments allow only a few families of long-range interactions, exemplified by gauge field theories of electromagnetism and gravity. However, all of these arguments presuppose that massless fields have zero spin scale (Casimir invariant) and hence exactly boost invariant helicity. This misses the most general behavior compatible with Lorentz symmetry. We present a Lagrangian formalism describing interactions of matter particles with bosonic “continuous spin” fields with arbitrary spin scale ρ. Remarkably, physical observables are well approximated by familiar theories at frequencies larger than ρ, with calculable deviations at low frequencies and long distances. For example, we predict specific ρ-dependent modifications to the Lorentz force law and the Larmor formula, which lay the foundation for experimental tests of the photon’s spin scale. We also reproduce known soft radiation emission amplitudes for nonzero ρ. The particles’ effective matter currents are not fully localized to their worldlines when ρ ≠ 0, which motivates investigation of manifestly local completions of our theory. Our results also motivate the development of continuous spin analogues of gravity and non-Abelian gauge theories. Given the correspondence with familiar gauge theory in the small ρ limit, we conjecture that continuous spin particles may in fact mediate known long-range forces, with testable consequences.
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A neutrino floor for the Migdal effect
Neutrino-nucleus scatterings in the detector could induce electron ionization signatures due to the Migdal effect. We derive prospects for a future detection of the Migdal effect via coherent elastic solar neutrino-nucleus scatterings in liquid xenon detectors, and discuss the irreducible background that it constitutes for the Migdal effect caused by light dark matter-nucleus scatterings. Furthermore, we explore the ionization signal induced by some neutrino electromagnetic and non-standard interactions on nuclei. In certain scenarios, we find a distinct peak on the ionization spectrum of xenon around 0.1 keV, in clear contrast to the Standard Model expectation.
Experimental Nuclear Physics↗
New physics at a neutron beam dump
We find a new utility of neutrons, usually treated as an experimental nuisance causing unwanted background, in probing new physics signals. The new physics signals can either be radiated from neutrons (neutron bremsstrahlung) or appear through secondary particles from neutron-on-target interactions, dubbed “neutron beam dump.” As a concrete example, we take the FASER/FASER2 experiment as a “factory” of high-energy neutrons that interact with the iron dump. We find that if new physics particles had the same interaction strength to protons and neutrons, their production rate via neutron-initiated bremsstrahlung would be comparable to that via proton-initiated ones, in terms of the resulting flux and the range of couplings that can be probed. The neutron bremsstrahlung can be used, for instance, to probe dark gauge bosons with nonzero neutron coupling. In particular, we investigate protophobic gauge bosons and find that FASER/FASER2 can probe new parameter space. We also illustrate the possibility of neutron-induced secondary particles by considering axionlike particles with electron couplings. We conclude that the physics potential of FASER/FASER2 in terms of new physics searches can be greatly extended and improved with the inclusion of neutron interactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
The Story of HDF5 in High Energy Physics
For several years now, Fermilab has been investigating the use of HDF5 for large-scale analysis of experimental high energy physics (HEP) data.
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Learning from the Pandemic: the Future of Meetings in HEP and Beyond
The COVID-19 pandemic has by-and-large prevented in-person meetings since March 2020. While the increasing deployment of effective vaccines around the world is a very positive development, the timeline and pathway to "normality" is uncertain and the "new normal" we will settle into is anyone's guess. Particle physics, like many other scientific fields, has more than a year of experience in holding virtual meetings, workshops, and conferences. A great deal of experimentation and innovation to explore how to execute these meetings effectively has occurred. Therefore, it is an appropriate time to take stock of what we as a community learned from running virtual meetings and discuss possible strategies for the future. Continuing to develop effective strategies for meetings with a virtual component is likely to be important for reducing the carbon footprint of our research activities, while also enabling greater diversity and inclusion for participation. This report summarizes a virtual two-day workshop on Virtual Meetings held May 5-6, 2021 which brought together experts from both inside and outside of high-energy physics to share their experiences and practices with organizing and executing virtual workshops, and to develop possible strategies for future meetings as we begin to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. This report outlines some of the practices and tools that have worked well which we hope will serve as a valuable resource for future virtual meeting organizers in all scientific fields.
Neubauer, Mark S.↗
Towards Constraining Dark Sector $e^+e^-$ Solutions to the Low Energy Excess at MicroBooNE
In recent years there has been a rapidly growing interest in “dark sector” physics that is accessible through neutrino experiments, motivated in part by long-standing experimental anomalies in short-baseline neutrino experiments. In many dark sector models, new unstable particles can be abundantly produced in neutrino-nucleus interactions. If these new states decay to photons or $e^+e^-$ pairs with $Ο$(100) MeV energies, their signature can mimic the excess of electron-like events observed by the MiniBooNE experiment. While the origin of many of these theories was explaining the MiniBooNE excess, their popularity in the community has grown and they now represent a broad class of interesting models in their own right, outside of the short-baseline anomalies. This note describes two ongoing efforts in MicroBooNE investigating such dark sector models.
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DAMSA Experiment Conceptual Design White Paper
DAMSA (DArk Messenger Searches at an Accelerator) is a novel short-baseline accelerator experiment aimed at probing short-lived physics processes, including searches for evidence of a dark sector of particle physics and well-motivated Standard Model signals. Motivated by open questions in neutrino physics and the absence of conclusive evidence for conventional weakly interacting massive particles, DAMSA targets MeV-to-sub-GeV dark-sector messengers with feeble couplings that can be produced in abundance at the PIP-II LINAC. By employing an ultra-short baseline of order one meter, DAMSA is uniquely positioned to overcome the beam-dump "ceiling" that limits sensitivity to promptly decaying particles in longer-baseline experiments. The conceptual design emphasizes a beam-dump production scheme combined with a compact detector optimized for rare decays while mitigating intense neutron-induced backgrounds inherent to high-power proton beams. To validate the experimental strategy and detector technologies, the Little DAMSA Path-Finder (LDPF) proof-of-concept experiment is proposed, focusing on axion-like particles decaying to two photons and operating with 300 MeV electron beams at FAST. Successful realization of LDPF will establish the feasibility of the DAMSA approach, enabling a broad and powerful program to explore short-lived new physics and precision Standard Model processes in a previously inaccessible regime. This conceptual design document outlines the technical details of DAMSA's physics goals, the beam facility proposals, key experimental challenges and how to overcome them, and the proposed experimental staging campaigns.
Bhattarai, Prithak [Texas U., Arlington]↗
Can standard model and experimental uncertainties resolve the MiniBooNE anomaly?
Not Available
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Weak neutral current axial form factor using $ \left(\overline{\nu}\right)\nu $-nucleon scattering and lattice QCD inputs
We present a determination of the neutral current weak axial charge $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(0) = –0.654(3) stat (5) sys using the strange quark axial charge $G$ $^{s}_{A}$(0) calculated with lattice QCD. We then perform a phenomenological analysis, where we combine the strange quark electromagnetic form factor from lattice QCD with (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering differential cross section from MiniBooNE experiments in a momentum transfer region 0.24 ≲ Q 2 ≲ 0.71 GeV 2 to determine the neutral current weak axial form factor $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(Q 2 ) in the range of 0 ≲ Q 2 ≤ 1 GeV 2 . This yields a phenomenological value of $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(0) = –0.687(89)stat(40)sys. The value of $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(0) constrained by the lattice QCD calculation of $G$ $^{s}_{A}$(0), when compared to its phenomenological determination, provides a significant improvement in precision and accuracy and can be used to provide a constraint on the fit to $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(Q 2 ) for Q 2 > 0. This constrained fit leads to an unambiguous determination of (anti)neutrino-nucleon neutral current elastic scattering differential cross section near Q 2 = 0 and can play an important role in numerically isolating nuclear effects in this region. We show a consistent description of $G$ $^{Z}_{A}$(Q 2 ) obtained from the (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section data requires a nonzero contribution of the strange quark electromagnetic form factor. We demonstrate the robustness of our analysis by providing a post-diction of the BNL E734 experimental data.
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A new approach to color-coherent parton evolution
We present a simple parton-shower model that replaces the explicit angular ordering of the coherent branching formalism with a differentially accurate simulation of soft-gluon radiation by means of a non-trivial dependence of the splitting functions on azimuthal angles. We introduce a global kinematics mapping and provide an analytic proof that it satisfies the criteria for next-to leading logarithmic accuracy. In the new algorithm, initial and final state evolution are treated on the same footing. We provide an implementation for final-state evolution in the numerical code ALARIC and present a first comparison to experimental data.
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Orbit-averaging and deposition accuracy for runaway electron beams in hybrid kinetic-MHD simulations of the runaway plateau
We develop a new procedure that combines the kinetic orbit runaway electron code (KORC) and the NIMROD extended-magnetohydrodynamic code to simulate runaway electrons (REs) in the post-disruption plateau. KORC integrates guiding-center orbits, with a barycentric-based binary search strategy providing initial guesses for the Newton–Raphson logical-to-physical coordinate inversion, ensuring reliable particle-to-mesh mapping in NIMROD, whose fields remain static for the present study. Samples are drawn in accord with experimental parallel current profiles of RE beams during the plateau phase. Deposition in NIMROD is verified through comparison with a Python-based finite-element code that ensures periodicity in the poloidal direction and continuity at the magnetic axis. Accurate representation of near-axis fields requires finer mesh resolution to prevent under- and overshoots in current density from orbit inaccuracies. Yet, at a fixed particle count, increasing mesh resolution amplifies statistical noise in the deposited fields. An orbit-averaging method accumulates partial current deposits over multiple kinetic steps and reduces the statistical noise with little added computational cost. By coupling kinetic routines from KORC directly into the NIMROD codebase, these developments lay essential groundwork for future self-consistent KORC–NIMROD coupling.
Algorithms and data structure↗
Imprints of light dark matter on the evolution of cosmic neutrinos
Neutrinos are often considered as a portal to new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and might possess phenomenologically interesting interactions with dark matter (DM). Here, this paper examines the cosmological imprints of DM that interacts with and is produced from SM neutrinos at temperatures below the MeV scale. We take a model-independent approach to compute the evolution of DM in this framework and present analytic results which agree well with numerical ones. Both freeze-in and freeze-out regimes are included in our analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the thermal evolution of neutrinos might be substantially affected by their interaction with DM. We highlight two distinctive imprints of such DM on neutrinos: (i) a large, negative contribution to N eff , which is close to the current experimental limits and will readily be probed by future experiments; (ii) spectral distortion of the cosmic neutrino background (CνB) due to DM annihilating into neutrinos, a potentially important effect for the ongoing experimental efforts to detect CνB.
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