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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

An investigation of the facsimile camera response to object motion

A general analytical model of the facsimile camera response to object motion is derived as an initial step toward characterizing the resulting image degradation. This model expresses the spatial convolution of a time-varying object radiance distribution and camera point-spread function for each picture element in the image. Time variations and these two functions during each convolution account for blurring of small image detail, and variations between, as well as during, successive convolutions account for geometric image distortions. If the object moves beyond the angular extent of several picture elements while it is being imaged, then geometric distortion tends to dominate blurring as the primary cause of image degradation. The extent of distortion depends not only on object size and velocity but also on the direction of object motion, and is therefore difficult to classify in a general sense.

Huck, F. O.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Design and evaluation of a filter spectrometer concept for facsimile cameras

The facsimile camera is an optical-mechanical scanning device which was selected as the imaging system for the Viking '75 lander missions to Mars. A concept which uses an interference filter-photosensor array to integrate a spectrometric capability with the basic imagery function of this camera was proposed for possible application to future missions. This paper is concerned with the design and evaluation of critical electronic circuits and components that are required to implement this concept. The feasibility of obtaining spectroradiometric data is demonstrated, and the performance of a laboratory model is described in terms of spectral range, angular and spectral resolution, and noise-equivalent radiance.

Kelly, W. L., IV↗
NASA NTRS1974

A data reduction technique and associated computer program for obtaining vehicle attitudes with a single onboard camera

A detailed discussion of the application of a previously method to determine vehicle flight attitude using a single camera onboard the vehicle is presented with emphasis on the digital computer program format and data reduction techniques. Application requirements include film and earth-related coordinates of at least two landmarks (or features), location of the flight vehicle with respect to the earth, and camera characteristics. Included in this report are a detailed discussion of the program input and output format, a computer program listing, a discussion of modifications made to the initial method, a step-by-step basic data reduction procedure, and several example applications. The computer program is written in FORTRAN 4 language for the Control Data 6000 series digital computer.

Bendura, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Automatic focus control for facsimile cameras

An electronic circuit for controlling the focus of facsimile cameras is described. The circuit consists of balanced a.c. amplifiers, two square law function generators, and a differential amplifier and power drive. The invention includes a method for maintaining the imaging sensor at the expected location of the focal plane as the facsimile camera scans a scene or terrain. A block diagram of the electronic circuitry is provided.

Sinclair, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

SEOS frame camera applications study

A research and development satellite is discussed which will provide opportunities for observation of transient phenomena that fall within the fixed viewing circle of the spacecraft. The evaluation of possible applications for frame cameras, for SEOS, are studied. The computed lens characteristics for each camera are listed.

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NASA NTRS1975

Automatic Exposure Iris Control (AEIC) for data acquisition camera

A lens design capable of operating over a total range of f/1.4 to f/11.0 with through the lens light sensing is presented along with a system which compensates for ASA film speeds as well as shutter openings. The space shuttle camera system package is designed so that it can be assembled on the existing 16 mm DAC with a minimum of alteration to the camera.

Mcatee, G. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Automatic exposure control for space sequential camera

The final report for the automatic exposure control study for space sequential cameras, for the NASA Johnson Space Center is presented. The material is shown in the same sequence that the work was performed. The purpose of the automatic exposure control is to automatically control the lens iris as well as the camera shutter so that the subject is properly exposed on the film. A study of design approaches is presented. Analysis of the light range of the spectrum covered indicates that the practical range would be from approximately 20 to 6,000 foot-lamberts, or about nine f-stops. Observation of film available from space flights shows that optimum scene illumination is apparently not present in vehicle interior photography as well as in vehicle-to-vehicle situations. The evaluation test procedure for a breadboard, and the results, which provided information for the design of a brassboard are given.

Mcatee, G. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Reflectance characteristics of the Viking lander camera reference test charts

Reference test charts provide radiometric, colorimetric, and spatial resolution references for the Viking lander cameras on Mars. Reflectance measurements of these references are described, including the absolute bidirectional reflectance of the radiometric references and the relative spectral reflectance of both radiometric and colorimetric references. Results show that the bidirection reflectance of the radiometric references is Lambertian to within + or - 7% for incidence angles between 20 deg and 60 deg, and that their spectral reflectance is constant with wavelength to within + or - 5% over the spectral range of the cameras. Estimated accuracy of the measurements is + or - 0.05 in relative spectral reflectance.

Wall, S. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The Viking Mars lander camera

The 7.3 kg cameras for the 1976 Viking Mars expedition feature an array of 12 silicon photodiodes, including six spectral bands for color and near-infrared imaging with an angular resolution of 0.12 deg and four focus steps for broadband imaging, with an improved angular resolution of 0.04 deg. The field of view in elevation ranges from 40 deg above to 60 deg below the horizon, and in azimuth ranges to 342.5 deg. The cameras are mounted 0.8 m apart to provide a stereo view of the area accessible to a surface sampler for biological and chemical investigations. The scanning rates are synchronized to the lander data transmission rates of 16000 bits per sec to the Viking orbiters as relay stations and 250 bits per sec directly to earth. However, image data can also be stored on a lander tape recorder. About 10 million bits of image data will be transmitted during most days of the 60-day-long mission planned for each lander.

Huck, F. O.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Satellite thermal modeling using the illuminographic camera

The application is discussed of illuminographic camera techniques to the measurement of radiative form factors for satellite modeling applications. The equation for the illuminographic mirror is derived, and the advantages of the method are discussed. Proximity error for the illuminographic mirror is defined, and estimates of this error as a function of the scale factor of the model are given, together with a method for halving this error. Designs for illuminographic mirrors are presented: the first provides a further threefold reduction in proximity error; the second permits the estimation of thermal radiation transfer coefficients to interior regions of otherwise inaccessible volumes. Finally, reflex Polaroid camera techniques appropriate to the relatively small size of the illuminographic mirror are described.

Wiesner, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Holographic motion picture camera with Doppler shift compensation

A holographic motion picture camera is reported for producing three dimensional images by employing an elliptical optical system. There is provided in one of the beam paths (the object or reference beam path) a motion compensator which enables the camera to photograph faster moving objects.

Kurtz, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Airborne ballistic camera tracking systems

An operational airborne ballistic camera tracking system was tested for operational and data reduction feasibility. The acquisition and data processing requirements of the system are discussed. Suggestions for future improvements are also noted. A description of the data reduction mathematics is outlined. Results from a successful reentry test mission are tabulated. The test mission indicated that airborne ballistic camera tracking systems are feasible.

Redish, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Solid State Television Camera (CID)

The design, development and test are described of a charge injection device (CID) camera using a 244x248 element array. A number of video signal processing functions are included which maximize the output video dynamic range while retaining the inherently good resolution response of the CID. Some of the unique features of the camera are: low light level performance, high S/N ratio, antiblooming, geometric distortion, sequential scanning and AGC.

Steele, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A spectral reflectance estimation technique using multispectral data from the Viking lander camera

A technique is formulated for constructing spectral reflectance curve estimates from multispectral data obtained with the Viking lander camera. The multispectral data are limited to six spectral channels in the wavelength range from 0.4 to 1.1 micrometers and most of these channels exhibit appreciable out-of-band response. The output of each channel is expressed as a linear (integral) function of the (known) solar irradiance, atmospheric transmittance, and camera spectral responsivity and the (unknown) spectral responsivity and the (unknown) spectral reflectance. This produces six equations which are used to determine the coefficients in a representation of the spectral reflectance as a linear combination of known basis functions. Natural cubic spline reflectance estimates are produced for a variety of materials that can be reasonably expected to occur on Mars. In each case the dominant reflectance features are accurately reproduced, but small period features are lost due to the limited number of channels. This technique may be a valuable aid in selecting the number of spectral channels and their responsivity shapes when designing a multispectral imaging system.

Park, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Engineering design criteria for an image intensifier/image converter camera

The design, display, and evaluation of an image intensifier/image converter camera which can be utilized in various requirements of spaceshuttle experiments are described. An image intensifier tube was utilized in combination with two brassboards as power supply and used for evaluation of night photography in the field. Pictures were obtained showing field details which would have been undistinguishable to the naked eye or to an ordinary camera.

Sharpsteen, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Space telescope optical telescope assembly/scientific instruments. Phase B: -Preliminary design and program definition study; Volume 2A: Planetary camera report

Development of the F/48, F/96 Planetary Camera for the Large Space Telescope is discussed. Instrument characteristics, optical design, and CCD camera submodule thermal design are considered along with structural subsystem and thermal control subsystem. Weight, electrical subsystem, and support equipment requirements are also included.

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