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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Insights into the Mechanism of Neptunium Oxidation to the Heptavalent State

Abstract Neptunium can exist in multiple oxidation states, including the rare and poorly understood heptavalent form. In this work, we monitored the formation of heptavalent neptunium [Np(VII)O 4 (OH) 2 ] 3− during ozonolysis of aqueous M OH ( M =Li, Na, K) solutions using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. All experimental reactions were closely monitored via absorption and vibrational spectroscopy to follow both the oxidation state and the speciation of neptunium guided by the calculated vibrational frequencies for various neptunium species. The mechanism of the reaction partly involves oxidative dissolution of transient Np(VI) oxide/hydroxide solid phases, the identity of which are dependent on the co‐precipitating counter‐cation Li + /Na + /K + . Additional calculations suggest that the most favorable energetic pathway occurs through the reaction of a [Np(V)O 2 (OH) 4 ] 3− with the hydroxide radical to form [Np(VI)O 2 (OH) 4 ] 2− , followed by an additional oxidation with HO⋅ to create [Np(VII)O 4 (OH) 2 ] 3− .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho7Co6Sn23 by Materials Project

Ho7Co6Sn23 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Co and twelve Sn atoms. All Ho–Co bond lengths are 3.44 Å. All Ho–Sn bond lengths are 3.36 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Co and ten Sn atoms. Both Ho–Co bond lengths are 3.18 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.41 Å. Co is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three Ho and six Sn atoms. There are a spread of Co–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.59–2.79 Å. There are six inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sn atoms. All Sn–Sn bond lengths are 2.99 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ho, three equivalent Co, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.94 Å. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ho and one Sn atom. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Ho and two equivalent Co atoms. In the fifth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ho, one Co, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 3.20 Å. In the sixth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Ho, two equivalent Co, and two Sn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HoIn2Pd by Materials Project

HoPdIn2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4mm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Pd and nine In atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Pd bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.67 Å. There are a spread of Ho–In bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.46 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Pd and eight In atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Pd bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.25 Å. There are a spread of Ho–In bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.54 Å. In the third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pd and eight In atoms. All Ho–Pd bond lengths are 3.23 Å. There are four shorter (3.28 Å) and four longer (3.36 Å) Ho–In bond lengths. In the fourth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pd and eight In atoms. All Ho–Pd bond lengths are 2.97 Å. There are four shorter (3.35 Å) and four longer (3.38 Å) Ho–In bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ho and six In atoms. There are a spread of Pd–In bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.91 Å. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho and eight In atoms. There are a spread of Pd–In bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.86 Å. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five Ho and five In atoms. There are a spread of Pd–In bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.88 Å. There are four inequivalent In sites. In the first In site, In is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to six Ho, three Pd, and two equivalent In atoms. Both In–In bond lengths are 3.17 Å. In the second In site, In is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five Ho and three Pd atoms. In the third In site, In is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four Ho, three Pd, and one In atom. In the fourth In site, In is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho and three Pd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho(BO2)6 by Materials Project

Ho(BO2)6 crystallizes in the trigonal R3c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.47 Å. There are two inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.51 Å. In the second B site, B is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. There are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ho and one B atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ho and two B atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ho and two B atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho5P12Ru19 by Materials Project

Ho5Ru19P12 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to ten Ru and six P atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ru bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.34 Å. There are four shorter (3.04 Å) and two longer (3.07 Å) Ho–P bond lengths. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to nine Ru and six equivalent P atoms. There are six shorter (3.13 Å) and three longer (3.14 Å) Ho–Ru bond lengths. All Ho–P bond lengths are 2.98 Å. There are five inequivalent Ru sites. In the first Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ho and three equivalent P atoms. All Ru–P bond lengths are 2.30 Å. In the second Ru site, Ru is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to six Ru and five P atoms. There are two shorter (2.84 Å) and four longer (2.88 Å) Ru–Ru bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.28 Å) and four longer (2.79 Å) Ru–P bond lengths. In the third Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho, four equivalent Ru, and four P atoms. All Ru–Ru bond lengths are 2.82 Å. There are two shorter (2.30 Å) and two longer (2.34 Å) Ru–P bond lengths. In the fourth Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three Ho, five Ru, and four P atoms. Both Ru–Ru bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are a spread of Ru–P bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.41 Å. In the fifth Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three Ho, five Ru, and four P atoms. The Ru–Ru bond length is 2.74 Å. There are a spread of Ru–P bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.51 Å. There are three inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ho and five Ru atoms. In the second P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho and seven Ru atoms. In the third P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho and seven Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrHo31Al2Si14N13O59 by Materials Project

SrHo31Al2Si14N13O59 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.71 Å. There are thirty-one inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one N and five O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.27 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.65 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one N and six O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.63 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.46 Å. In the third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one N and seven O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.63 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–3.07 Å. In the fourth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one N and five O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.81 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.46 Å. In the fifth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one N and five O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.25 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.61 Å. In the sixth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.47 Å. In the seventh Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.60 Å. In the eighth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one N and six O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.65 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.54 Å. In the ninth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.65 Å. In the tenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.28 Å. In the eleventh Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.60 Å. In the twelfth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.51 Å. In the thirteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.44 Å. In the fourteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one N and seven O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.64 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.82 Å. In the fifteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one N and four O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.43 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.31 Å. In the sixteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two N and four O atoms. There are one shorter (2.17 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Ho–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.71 Å. In the seventeenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.35 Å. In the eighteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.64 Å. In the nineteenth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.92 Å. In the twentieth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one N and six O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.27 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.17–3.08 Å. In the twenty-first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two N and three O atoms. There are one shorter (2.33 Å) and one longer (2.87 Å) Ho–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.40 Å. In the twenty-second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three N and three O atoms. There are one shorter (2.40 Å) and two longer (2.41 Å) Ho–N bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and one longer (2.61 Å) Ho–O bond lengths. In the twenty-third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.75 Å. In the twenty-fourth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.79 Å. In the twenty-fifth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one N and five O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.39 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.48 Å. In the twenty-sixth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one N and five O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.33 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.54 Å. In the twenty-seventh Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two N and five O atoms. There are one shorter (2.34 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Ho–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.75 Å. In the twenty-eighth Ho site, Ho is bonded to one N and six O atoms to form distorted HoNO6 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one SiNO3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one OHo3N tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Ho–N bond length is 2.40 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.60 Å. In the twenty-ninth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two N and five O atoms. There are one shorter (2.52 Å) and one longer (2.60 Å) Ho–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.44 Å. In the thirtieth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four N and four O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–N bond distances ranging from 2.20–3.13 Å. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.76 Å. In the thirty-first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one N and three O atoms. The Ho–N bond length is 2.53 Å. There are one shorter (2.08 Å) and two longer (2.13 Å) Ho–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form AlNO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Al–N bond length is 1.84 Å. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.85 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to one N and three O atoms. The Al–N bond length is 1.89 Å. There is two shorter (1.77 Å) and one longer (1.81 Å) Al–O bond length. There are fourteen inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one N and two O atoms. The Si–N bond length is 1.71 Å. There is one shorter (1.68 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) Si–O bond length. In the second Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form SiNO3 tetrahedra that share an edgeedge with one HoNO6 pentagonal bipyramid. The Si–N bond length is 1.73 Å. There is two shorter (1.66 Å) and one longer (1.68 Å) Si–O bond length. In the third Si site, Si is bonded to two N and two O atoms to form corner-sharing SiN2O2 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.75 Å) Si–N bond length. There is one shorter (1.64 Å) and one longer (1.69 Å) Si–O bond length. In the fourth Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form edge-sharing SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Si–N bond length is 1.72 Å. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.72 Å. In the fifth Si site, Si is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one N and two O atoms. The Si–N bond length is 1.80 Å. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) Si–O bond length. In the sixth Si site, Si is bonded to two N and two O atoms to form corner-sharing SiN2O2 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.70 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) Si–N bond length. There is one shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.68 Å) Si–O bond length. In the seventh Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form corner-sharing SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Si–N bond length is 1.74 Å. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.72 Å. In the eighth Si site, Si is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.66 Å. In the ninth Si site, Si is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N and one O atom. There is one shorter (1.63 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) Si–N bond length. The Si–O bond length is 1.63 Å. In the tenth Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form corner-sharing SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Si–N bond length is 1.71 Å. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.68 Å. In the eleventh Si site, Si is bonded to two N and two O atoms to form SiN2O2 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlNO3 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one SiNO3 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) Si–N bond length. There is one shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) Si–O bond length. In the twelfth Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form SiNO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlNO3 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SiNO3 tetrahedra. The Si–N bond length is 1.71 Å. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.66–1.70 Å. In the thirteenth Si site, Si is bonded to one N and three O atoms to form SiNO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one HoNO6 pentagonal bipyramid and a cornercorner with one SiN2O2 tetrahedra. The Si–N bond length is 1.72 Å. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.67 Å. In the fourteenth Si site, Si is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two N and one O atom. Both Si–N bond lengths are 1.81 Å. The Si–O bond length is 1.70 Å. There are thirteen inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ho and two Si atoms. In the second N site, N is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Ho and two Si atoms. In the third N site, N is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Ho, one Al, and one Si atom. In the fourth N site, N is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ho and two Si atoms. In the fifth N site, N is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho and one Si atom. In the sixth N site, N is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ho, one Si, and one O atom. The N–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the seventh N site, N is bonded to three Ho and one Si atom to form distorted NHo3Si tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NHo3Si tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one OHo3Si trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one OSrHo2Si trigonal pyramid. In the eighth N site, N is bonded to three Ho and one Si atom to form distorted NHo3Si tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NHo3Si tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one OHo4 tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one OHo3Si trigonal pyramid. In the ninth N site, N is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ho and two Si atoms. In the tenth N site, N is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ho, one Si, and one O atom. The N–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the eleventh N site, N is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Ho, one Al, and one Si atom. In the twelfth N site, N is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Ho, one Si, and one O atom. The N–O bond length is 1.53 Å. In the thirteenth N site, N is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ho and two Si atoms. There are fifty-nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr, two Ho, and one Si atom. In the second O site, O is bonded to one Sr, two Ho, and one Si atom to form distorted OSrHo2Si trigonal pyramids that share an edgeedge with one NHo3Si tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OHo3Si trigonal pyramid. In the third O site, O is bonded to three Ho and one Si atom to form distorted O

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Structure of 3'-PO 4 /5'-OH RNA ligase RtcB in complex with a 5'-OH oligonucleotide

RtcB enzymes comprise a widely distributed family of manganese- and GTP-dependent RNA repair enzymes that join 2',3'-cyclic phosphate ends to 5'-OH ends via RtcB-(histidinyl-N)–GMP, RNA 3'-phosphate, and RNA 3 'pp 5 'G intermediates. RtcB can ligate either 5'-OH RNA or 5'-OH DNA strands in vitro. The nucleic acid contacts of RtcB are uncharted. In this work, we report a 2.7 Å crystal structure of Pyrococcus horikoshii RtcB in complex with a 6-mer 5'-OH DNA oligonucleotide HO A 1 pT 2 pG 3 pT 4 pC 5 pC 6 , which reveals enzymic contacts of Asn202 to the terminal 5'-OH nucleophile; Arg238 to the A1pT2 and T2pG3 phosphates; Arg190 and Gln194 to the T 2 pG 3 phosphate; and an Arg190 π-cation interaction with the G 3 nucleobase. The structural insights affirm functional studies of E. coli RtcB that implicated the conserved counterpart of Arg238 in engagement of the 5'-OH strand for ligation. The essential active site Cys98 that coordinates two manganese ions is oxidized to cysteine sulfonic acid in our structure, raising the prospect that RtcB activity might be sensitive to modulation during oxidative stress.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho2Ge2Os by Materials Project

Ho2OsGe2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Os and six Ge atoms. Both Ho–Os bond lengths are 3.19 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.22 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Os and six Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Os bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.18 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.12 Å. Os is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ho and four Ge atoms. There are a spread of Os–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.61 Å. There are two inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ho, one Os, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.66 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Ho, three equivalent Os, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.71 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho2Ge2Ru by Materials Project

Ho2RuGe2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ru and seven Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ru bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.17 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.43 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ru and six Ge atoms. Both Ho–Ru bond lengths are 3.28 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.20 Å. Ru is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ho and four Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ru–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.62 Å. There are two inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ho, three equivalent Ru, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.75 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ho, one Ru, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.66 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho2CoGe2 by Materials Project

Ho2CoGe2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Co and six Ge atoms. Both Ho–Co bond lengths are 3.16 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.08 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Co and seven Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Co bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.08 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.22 Å. Co is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ho and four Ge atoms. There are a spread of Co–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.54 Å. There are two inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ho, one Co, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.68 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ho, three equivalent Co, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.82 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho15Si9C by Materials Project

Ho15Si9C crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3mc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Si and two equivalent C atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Si bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.34 Å. There are one shorter (2.44 Å) and one longer (2.47 Å) Ho–C bond lengths. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Si atoms. There are three shorter (2.92 Å) and one longer (3.16 Å) Ho–Si bond lengths. In the third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five Si atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Si bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.53 Å. In the fourth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Si atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Si bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.08 Å. There are three inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Ho atoms. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Ho atoms. In the third Si site, Si is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Ho atoms. C is bonded to six equivalent Ho atoms to form face-sharing CHo6 octahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho5(Sn3Rh)6 by Materials Project

Ho5Rh6Sn17Sn crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four 7440-31-5 molecules and one Ho5Rh6Sn17 framework. In the Ho5Rh6Sn17 framework, there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Rh and twelve equivalent Sn atoms. All Ho–Rh bond lengths are 3.56 Å. All Ho–Sn bond lengths are 3.46 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Rh and ten Sn atoms. All Ho–Rh bond lengths are 3.04 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.40 Å. Rh is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three Ho and six Sn atoms. There are four shorter (2.69 Å) and two longer (2.81 Å) Rh–Sn bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Ho atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a hexagonal planar geometry to three equivalent Ho and three equivalent Rh atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Ho and two equivalent Rh atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbHoHS2O9 by Materials Project

RbHoHS2O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.31 Å. Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.58 Å. H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are two inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.50 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There is three shorter (1.49 Å) and one longer (1.50 Å) S–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one H atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbHoS2O9 by Materials Project

RbHoS2O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.28 Å. Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one Ho atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ho, and one S atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Rb and one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2003

Global and Regional Decreases in Tropospheric Oxidants from Photochemical Effects of Aerosols

We evaluate the sensitivity of tropospheric OH, O3, and O3 precursors to photochemical effects of aerosols not usually included in global models: (1) aerosol scattering and absorption of ultraviolet radiation and (2) reactive uptake of HO', NO2, and NO3. Our approach is to couple a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS- CHEM) with aerosol fields from a global 3-D aerosol model (GOCART). Reactive uptake by aerosols is computed using reaction probabilities from a recent review (gamma(sub HO2) = 0.2, gamma(sub NO2) = 10(exp -4), gamma(sub NO3) = l0(exp -3). Aerosols decrease the O3 - O((sup 1)D) photolysis frequency by 5-20% at the surface throughout the Northern Hemisphere (largely due to mineral dust) and by a factor of 2 in biomass burning regions (largely due to black carbon). Aerosol uptake of HO2 accounts for 10-40% of total HOx radical ((triple bonds)OH + peroxy) loss in the boundary layer over polluted continental regions (largely due to sulfate and organic carbon) and for more than 70% over tropical biomass burning regions (largely due to organic carbon). Uptake of NO2 and NO3 accounts for 10-20% of total HNO3 production over biomass burning regions and less elsewhere. Annual mean OH concentrations decrease by 9% globally and by 5-35% in the boundary layer over the Northern Hemisphere. Simulated CO increases by 5- 15 ppbv in the remote Northern Hemisphere, improving agreement with observations. Simulated boundary layer O3 decreases by 15- 45 ppbv over India during the biomass burning season in March and by 5-9 ppbv over northern Europe in August, again improving comparison with observations. We find that particulate matter controls would increase surface O3 over Europe and other industrial regions.

Martin, Randall V.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho5Ge3C by Materials Project

Ho5Ge3C crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ge atoms. All Ho–Ge bond lengths are 3.04 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ge and two equivalent C atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.58 Å. Both Ho–C bond lengths are 2.47 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Ho atoms. C is bonded to six equivalent Ho atoms to form face-sharing CHo6 octahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HoNiSn2 by Materials Project

HoNiSn2 is delta Molybdenum Boride-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ni and eight Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ni bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.50 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.19 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ni and nine Sn atoms. Both Ho–Ni bond lengths are 3.05 Å. There are a spread of Ho–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.51 Å. In the third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ni and nine Sn atoms. There are two shorter (3.14 Å) and two longer (3.22 Å) Ho–Ni bond lengths. There are a spread of Ho–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.58 Å. There are three inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five Ho and five Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.75 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Ho and five Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.79 Å. In the third Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ho and five Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.69 Å. There are six inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four Ho, three equivalent Ni, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 3.01 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ho and three Ni atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho and two Ni atoms. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four Ho and three Ni atoms. In the fifth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four Ho, three Ni, and one Sn atom. In the sixth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Ho and one Ni atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Isoelectronic perturbations to f - d -electron hybridization and the enhancement of hidden order in URu 2 Si 2

Significance Phase transitions often manifest themselves in characteristic signatures in the electrical resistivity. Here, we track the temperature increase of the resistive signature of the hidden-order (HO) phase transition in URu 2 Si 2 , a mysterious phase with unknown order parameter. The application of pressure and the isoelectronic substitutions of Fe and Os ions for Ru are the only known perturbations to favor the HO phase. These perturbations are likely to cause increases in f - d -electron hybridization that lead to degeneracy and instabilities in the electronic band structure. The degeneracy is lifted by partial gapping of electronic states over the Fermi surface during the transition to HO. This and related investigations point to the importance of isoelectronic perturbations in generating emergent electronic phases.

Wolowiec, Christian T.↗