SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “viscoelasticity”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1988

Thermo-viscoelastic response of graphite/epoxy composites

The thermo-viscoelastic behavior of composite material is studied analytically using a special finite-element formulation. Numerical results on stress and deformation histories are obtained for both unnotched and notched graphite/epoxy composites subjected to mechanical and thermal spectrum loads. The results indicate that time-dependent effects are important in composites with matrix-dominated layup orientations. Such effects also strongly depend on the specific environment condition and load spectrum applied.

Lin, Kuen↗

NASA NTRS1989

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of composite materials

The thermo-viscoelastic boundary value problem for anisotropic materials is formulated and a numerical procedure is developed for the efficient analysis of stress and deformation histories in composites. The procedure is based on the finite element method and therefore it is applicable to composite laminates containing geometric discontinuities and complicated boundary conditions. Using the present formulation, the time-dependent stress and strain distributions in both notched and unnotched graphite/epoxy composites have been obtained. The effect of temperature and ply orientation on the creep and relaxation response is also studied.

Lin, Kuen Y.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Sub transitional and supersonic travelling field response in nonlinear viscoelastic media

This paper considers the problem of traveling fields in nonlinearly elastic and viscoelastic media. By introducing the appropriate hierarchical partitioning, the governing equations of motion are shown to be a continuum analogy of Duffing's equation. Through the use of a constrained perturbation procedure, the response behavior is obtained in sub, transitional as well as supersonic ranges of disturbance speed. Due to the generality of the approach taken, the effects of damping can be handled. To quantify the effects of material nonlinearity, strain softening and hardening are considered. Such behavior is quantified in general example problems.

Padovan, Joe↗

NASA NTRS1989

Viscoelastic properties of elastomeric materials for O-ring applications

Redesign of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster necessitated re-evaluation of the material used in the field joint O-ring seals. This research project was established to determine the viscoelastic characteristics of five candidate materials. The five materials are: two fluorocarbon compounds, two nitrile compounds, and a silicon compound. The materials were tested in a uniaxial compression test to determine the characteristic relaxation functions. These tests were performed at five different temperatures. A master material curve was developed for each material from the experimental data. The results of this study are compared to tensile relaxation tests. Application of these results to the design analysis is discussed in detail.

Bower, Mark V.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Semigroup theory and numerical approximation for equations in linear viscoelasticity

A class of abstract integrodifferential equations used to model linear viscoelastic beams is investigated analytically, applying a Hilbert-space approach. The basic equation is rewritten as a Cauchy problem, and its well-posedness is demonstrated. Finite-dimensional subspaces of the state space and an estimate of the state operator are obtained; approximation schemes for the equations are constructed; and the convergence is proved using the Trotter-Kato theorem of linear semigroup theory. The actual convergence behavior of different approximations is demonstrated in numerical computations, and the results are presented in tables.

Fabiano, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Non linear viscoelasticity applied for the study of durability of polymer matrix composites

A methodology is described for the durability analysis of polymer matrix composites, based on nonlinear viscoelasticity theory. The durability analysis is performed on the basis of a certain number of tests carried out on limited and, if possible, short time scale by the use of accelerating factors. The method was applied to thermomatrix composites under uniaxial and biaxial loadings, showing satisfactory agreement between the life-time predictions and the published data on real-time behavior.

Cardon, A.↗

NASA NTRS1990

A nonlinear viscoelastic approach to durability predictions for polymer based composite structures

Current industry approaches for the durability assessment of metallic structures are briefly reviewed. For polymer based composite structures, it is suggested that new approaches must be adopted to include memory or viscoelastic effects which could lead to delayed failures that might not be predicted using current techniques. A durability or accelerated life assessment plan for fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) developed and documented over the last decade or so is reviewed and discussed. Limitations to the plan are outlined and suggestions to remove the limitations are given. These include the development of a finite element code to replace the previously used lamination theory code and the development of new specimen geometries to evaluate delamination failures. The new DCB model is reviewed and results are presented. Finally, it is pointed out that new procedures are needed to determine interfacial properties and current efforts underway to determine such properties are reviewed. Suggestions for additional efforts to develop a consistent and accurate durability predictive approach for FRP structures is outlined.

Brinson, Hal F.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Viscoelastic properties of addition-cured polyimides used in high temperature polymer matrix composites

Viscoelastic properties of the addition cured polyimide, PMR-15, were studied using dynamic mechanical and stress relaxation tests. For temperatures below the glass transition temperature, T sub g, the dynamic mechanical properties measured using a temperature scan rate of 10 C/min were strongly affected by the presence of absorbed moisture in the resin. Dynamic mechanical properties measured as a function of time during an isothermal hold provided an indication of chemical changes occurring in the resin. For temperatures above (T sub g + 20 C), the storage modulus increased continuously as a function of time indicating that additional crosslinking is occurring in the resin. Because of these changes in chemical structures, the stress relaxation modulus could not be measured over any useful time interval for temperatures above T sub g. For temperatures below T sub g, dynamic mechanical properties appeared to be unaffected by chemical changes for times exceeding 1 hr. Since the duration of the stress relaxation tests was less than 1 hr, the stress relaxation modulus could be measured. As long as the moisture content of the resin was less than 2 pct, stress relaxation curves measured at different temperatures could be superimposed using horizontal shifts along the log(time) axis with only small shifts along the vertical axis.

Roberts, Gary D↗

NASA NTRS1992

Viscoelastic Response Of A Highly Filled Polymer

Report describes experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear viscoelastic response of elastomeric binder material filled with small particles of different material. Studies characterize response with sufficient accuracy for use in designing parts subjected to high strains.

Peng, Steven T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Viscoelastic properties of addition-cured polyimides used in high temperature polymer matrix composites

The viscoelastic properties of an addition-cured polyimide, PMR-15, were evaluated through dynamic mechanical and stress relaxation testing. Below the glass transition temperature, the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites are strongly affected by the absorbed moisture in the resin. At temperature 20 C and more above the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus increases continuously with time, indicating that additional crosslinking is occurring in the resin. For resin moisture contents less than 2 percent, stress relaxation curves measured at different temperatures can be superimposed using horizontal shifts along the log(time) axis with only small shifts along the vertical axis.

Roberts, Gary D.↗

NASA NTRS1993

A comparison of viscoelastic damping models

Modern finite element methods (FEM's) enable the precise modeling of mass and stiffness properties in what were in the past overwhelmingly large and complex structures. These models allow the accurate determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes. However, adequate methods for modeling highly damped and high frequency dependent structures did not exist until recently. The most commonly used method, Modal Strain Energy, does not correctly predict complex mode shapes since it is based on the assumption that the mode shapes of a structure are real. Recently, many techniques have been developed which allow the modeling of frequency dependent damping properties of materials in a finite element compatible form. Two of these methods, the Golla-Hughes-McTavish method and the Lesieutre-Mingori method, model the frequency dependent effects by adding coordinates to the existing system thus maintaining the linearity of the model. The third model, proposed by Bagley and Torvik, is based on the Fractional Calculus method and requires fewer empirical parameters to model the frequency dependence at the expense of linearity of the governing equations. This work examines the Modal Strain Energy, Golla-Hughes-McTavish and Bagley and Torvik models and compares them to determine the plausibility of using them for modeling viscoelastic damping in large structures.

Slater, Joseph C.↗

NASA NTRS1993

The analytical representation of viscoelastic material properties using optimization techniques

This report presents a technique to model viscoelastic material properties with a function of the form of the Prony series. Generally, the method employed to determine the function constants requires assuming values for the exponential constants of the function and then resolving the remaining constants through linear least-squares techniques. The technique presented here allows all the constants to be analytically determined through optimization techniques. This technique is employed in a computer program named PRONY and makes use of commercially available optimization tool developed by VMA Engineering, Inc. The PRONY program was utilized to compare the technique against previously determined models for solid rocket motor TP-H1148 propellant and V747-75 Viton fluoroelastomer. In both cases, the optimization technique generated functions that modeled the test data with at least an order of magnitude better correlation. This technique has demonstrated the capability to use small or large data sets and to use data sets that have uniformly or nonuniformly spaced data pairs. The reduction of experimental data to accurate mathematical models is a vital part of most scientific and engineering research. This technique of regression through optimization can be applied to other mathematical models that are difficult to fit to experimental data through traditional regression techniques.

Hill, S. A.↗

NASA NTRS1992

On the identification of a harmonic force on a viscoelastic plate from response data

The problem of determining the force acting on a structure from measurements of the response of the structure to the force is an inverse problem. Presented is a method for determining the location, magnitude, and phase of a harmonic point force acting on a simply-supported classical viscoelastic rectangular plate from a number of displacement readings at discrete points on the plate. Presented also is a demonstration of the robustness of the solution technique to the effects of measurement noise as well as a means by which problems involving more general structural and loading configurations may be solved.

D'Cruz, J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

A nonlinear viscoelastic approach to durability predictions for polymer based composite structures

Brinson, Hal F.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Bending and stretching finite element analysis of anisotropic viscoelastic composite plates

Finite element algorithms have been developed to analyze linear anisotropic viscoelastic plates, with or without holes, subjected to mechanical (bending, tension), temperature, and hygrothermal loadings. The analysis is based on Laplace transforms rather than direct time integrations in order to improve the accuracy of the results and save on extensive computational time and storage. The time dependent displacement fields in the transverse direction for the cross ply and angle ply laminates are calculated and the stacking sequence effects of the laminates are discussed in detail. Creep responses for the plates with or without a circular hole are also studied. The numerical results compare favorably with analytical solutions, i.e. within 1.8 percent for bending and 10(exp -3) 3 percent for tension. The tension results of the present method are compared with those using the direct time integration scheme.

Hilton, Harry H.↗

NASA NTRS1994

The effects of physical aging at elevated temperatures on the viscoelastic creep on IM7/K3B

Physical aging at elevated temperature of the advanced composite IM7/K3B was investigated through the use of creep compliance tests. Testing consisted of short term isothermal, creep/recovery with the creep segments performed at constant load. The matrix dominated transverse tensile and in-plane shear behavior were measured at temperatures ranging from 200 to 230 C. Through the use of time based shifting procedures, the aging shift factors, shift rates and momentary master curve parameters were found at each temperature. These material parameters were used as input to a predictive methodology, which was based upon effective time theory and linear viscoelasticity combined with classical lamination theory. Long term creep compliance test data was compared to predictions to verify the method. The model was then used to predict the long term creep behavior for several general laminates.

Gates, Thomas S.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Time-domain approach for the transient responses in stratified viscoelastic Earth models

We have developed the numerical algorithm for the computation of transient viscoelastic responses in the time domain for a radially stratified Earth model. Stratifications in both the elastic parameters and the viscosity profile have been considered. The particular viscosity profile employed has a viscosity maximum with a constrast of O(100) in the mid lower mantle. The distribution of relaxation times reveals the presence of a continuous spectrum situated between O(100) and O(exp 4) years. The principal mode is embedded within this continuous spectrum. From this initial-value approach we have found that for the low degree harmonics the non-modal contributions are comparable to the modal contributions. For this viscosity model the differences between the time-domain and normal-mode results are found to decrease strongly with increasing angular order. These calculations also show that a time-dependent effective relaxation time can be defined, which can be bounded by the relaxation times of the principal modes.

Hanyk, L.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Fitting Prony Series To Data On Viscoelastic Materials

Improved method of fitting Prony series to data on viscoelastic materials involves use of least-squares optimization techniques. Based on optimization techniques yields closer correlation with data than traditional method. Involves no assumptions regarding the gamma'(sub i)s and higher-order terms, and provides for as many Prony terms as needed to represent higher-order subtleties in data. Curve-fitting problem treated as design-optimization problem and solved by use of partially-constrained-optimization techniques.

Hill, S. A.↗