Use of silver oxide batteries on Explorers XVII and XXXII
Service performance and tests of zinc silver oxide batteries on Explorers 17 and 32
Hennigan, T. J.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “silver”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Origin of the electric field effect in silver
Electric field effect of epitaxial thin silver films on mica in vacuum as function of temperature, thickness and surface specularity
Berman, A.↗
Silver-chlorine fuel cell: A concept
Fuel cell regenerated by photochemical reduction enables novel slurry system to transport particles of reduced silver between regenerator section and anode. Fundamental reactions which provide electrical power from the fuel cell are given.
Lieberman, M.↗
Heavy ion passive dosimetry with silver halide single crystals
A method of detecting radiation damage tracks due to heavy particles in large single crystals of the silver halides is described. The tracks, when made visible with a simple electrical apparatus, appear similar to tracks in emulsions. The properties of the crystals, the technique of printing out the tracks, and evidence concerning the threshold energy for registering particles indicates that this method may find application in heavy ion dosimetry. The method has been found to be sensitive to stopping He nuclei and relativistic M group cosmic rays. Some impurities strongly influence the printout of the tracks, and the effects of these impurities are discussed.
Childs, C. B.↗
A versatile silver oxide-zinc battery for synchronous orbit and planetary missions
A new kind of silver-zinc cell was developed and tested under NASA support which can withstand severe heat sterilization requirements and does not display the traditional life limiting aspect of sinc electrodes i.e. shape change. These cells could be used on planetary lander mission which require wet-stand periods of over a year, a modest number of cycles (400 to 500) and may require dry heat sterilization. The weight advantage of these cells over the traditional nickel cadmium batteries also makes it an attractive alternative for synchronous orbit service where 400 to 500 cycles would be required over a 5 year period.
Schwartz, H. J.↗
Evaluation program for secondary spacecraft cells: Acceptance test of McDonnell-Douglas, Astropower division, 40.0 ampere hour silver-zinc cells
The development of an inorganic separator material for use in construction of 40 ampere-hour silver zinc cells is discussed. Acceptance tests were conducted to determine real quality, physical defects and ampere-hour capacity. All acceptance tests were performed at an ambient temperature of 23 to 27 C at existing relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Of the 63 cells tested, only one failed to meet the equipment specifications.
Harkness, J. D.↗
Investigation of solid state electrolyte silver-zinc battery
Study of the solid electrolyte ZnCl2-2NH3 rechargeable silver zinc electrochemical cell by X-ray diffraction analysis of the reaction products led to the conclusion that some water is consumed when the cell is discharged. Replacement of ZnCl2-2NH3 by ZnCl2-4Zn(OH)2 gave cells with high internal resistance and limited capacity. The salt formed by exposing a fibrous membrane saturated with ZnCl2 solution to fumes from ammonium carbonate in a dry desiccator comprised ZnCl2-4Zn(OH)2, ZnCl2,3NH4Cl and a third unidentified component. The temperature coefficient of open circuit EMF was nearly zero over the range from -25 C to 50 C. The internal resistance and polarization increased substantially below -25 C. There is some indication that exposure to 50 C for 29 hours causes some deterioration.
Source record↗
Automatically activated, 300 ampere-hour silver-zinc cell
A prototype silver zinc cell is reported for which the electrolyte is being stored in a separate tank; the cell is being activated when additional power is required by collapsing the neoprene bellows container and thus forcing the electrolyte into cell through a plastic connection. A solar array is proposed as main power source for the flow actuator.
Hennigan, T. J.↗
Lifetime estimates for sterilizable silver-zinc battery separators
The lifetime of separator membranes currently employed in the electrolyte environment of silver-zinc batteries was estimated at 3 to 5 years. The separator membranes are crosslinked polyethylene film containing grafted poly (potassium acrylate)(PKA), the latter being the hydrophilic agent which promotes electrolyte ion transport. The lifetime was estimated by monitoring the rate of loss of PKA from the separators, caused by chemical attack of the electrolyte, and relating this loss rate to a known relationship between battery performance and PKA concentration in the separators.
Cuddihy, E. F.↗
Large Silver Halide Single Crystals as Charged Particle Track Detectors
The trajectory of the particle is made visible under a microscope by the accumulation of metallic silver at regions of the lattice damaged by the particle. This decoration of the particle track is accomplished by exposure of the crystal to light. The decoration of normally present lattice imperfections such as dislocations can be suppressed by the addition to the crystal of less than ten parts per million of a suitable polyvalent metal impurity. An account of some preliminary attempts to grow thin single crystals of AgCl is given also, and suggestions for a more refined technique are offered.
Kusmiss, J. H.↗
A versatile silver oxide-zinc battery for synchronous orbit and planetary missions.
A new kind of silver-zinc cell has been developed and tested under NASA support which can withstand severe heat sterilization requirements. These cells could be used on planetary lander mission which require wet-stand periods of over a year, a modest number of cycles (400 to 500) and may require dry heat sterilization. The weight advantage of these cells over the traditional nickel-cadmium batteries also makes it an attractive alternative for synchronous orbit service where 400 to 500 cycles would be required over a 5 year period.
Schwartz, H. J.↗
Cross-hatching at Silver Spur.
Diamond-shaped patterns formed by the intersection of two sets of lineaments were reported near the promontory Silver Spur on Hadley Delta, about 20 km south of the Apollo 15 landing site. O'Keefe et al. (1969) hypothesized concerning a possible interrelation between lunar lineaments, gas flow induced by meteorites and turbulent-flow cross-hatching. Possible causes for the occurrence of the lunar lineaments are discussed. It is pointed out that the evidence does not make it possible to select conclusively either geological structure or lighting effects as the sole cause of the lineaments. Gas flows due to meteorite impact vaporization may also be responsible for the observed patterns.
Rehfuss, D. E.↗
Silver oxide sorbent for carbon dioxide
Material can be regenerated at least 20 times by heating at 250 C. Sorbent is compatible with environment of high humidity; up to 20% by weight of carbon dioxide can be absorbed. Material is prepared from silver carbonate, potassium hydroxide or carbonate, and sodium silicate.
Colombo, G. V.↗
Evaluation of commercially supplied silver coated Teflon for spacecraft temperature control usage
A series of tests are described which were performed to evaluate the acceptability of a commercially supplied silver backed teflon thermal control coating relative to teflon previously coated at GSFC. Optical measurements made on numerous samples indicate that the commercial material possesses an average solar absorptance of 0.085, an emittance of 0.76 and an average alpha/epsilon equal to 0.112, all of which are equivalent to the GSFC coated teflon. The emittance of the protective inconel backing was found to be 0.037. The coating is shown to have good adhesion at the Ag-teflon interface and exposure to UV irradiation uncovered no coating irregularities. Temperature cycling over the range -135 C to +200 C produced crazing in the evaporated Ag layer as expected but no delamination was observed. The suitability of Mystik no. 7366 and 3M no. 467 adhesives as bonding agents for the metallized polymer is demonstrated. Various problems associated with production reproducibility and selection of a proper bonding process are discussed.
Heaney, J. B.↗
Development and fabrication of sealed silver-zinc cells, phase 1
A facility was designed, constructed and equipped for the production of prismatic alkaline rechargeable battery cells using inorganic (ceramic) separators. This unique facility is environmentally controlled and contains separate areas for electrode fabrication, separator processing, cell assembly, cell finishing and testing. An initial production run of 125 sealed silver zinc cells, using inorganic separators, was made in the facility in order to provide samples for baseline performance tests. Ten of these cells were given performance characterization and life cycle tests.
Blake, I. C.↗
Spaceflight performance of silver coated FEP Teflon as a thermal control surface on the IMP-1 spacecraft
A second surface mirror type coating, vapor deposited silver on FEP Teflon, was used as a thermal control surface for one of the experiments aboard the Imp-I spacecraft. This coating was selected to obtain the low operating temperature required for this experiment. Initial flight temperature of this thermal control surface was -70.5 C, very close to the predicted value of -73 C and at a very satisfactory level. Since temperatures within the spacecraft interior are not at this desired low level, the detectors had to be mounted exterior to the spacecraft with a good view of space, preferably in an area shaded from sunlight. When this latter preference proved unobtainable, the detectors were mounted on an aluminum plate located on the exterior of the spacecraft, parallel to the spin axis but rotating about the solar vector. The mounting plate was approximately 6.5 inches by 7.5 inches by 0.125 inches thick. To achieve the desired temperature level with the mounting plate in such a location, the thermal design had to minimize not only the effects of the relatively warm spacecraft environment but also the effects of the incident solar energy.
Hoffman, R. H.↗
Study of oxygen gas production phenomenon during stand and discharge in silver-zinc batteries
Standard production procedures for manufacturing silver zinc batteries are evaluated and modified to reduce oxygen generation during open circuit stand and discharge. Production predictions of several variable combinations using analysis models are listed for minimum gassing, with emphasis on the concentration of potassium hydroxide in plate formation. A recommendation for work optimizing the variables involved in plate processing is included.
Source record↗
A versatile silver oxide-zinc battery for synchronous orbit and planetary missions
A new kind of silver-zinc cell has been developed and tested under NASA support which can withstand severe heat sterilization requirements and does not display the traditional life limiting aspect of zinc electrodes - i.e., shape change. These cells could be used on a planetary lander mission which requires wet-stand periods of over a year, a modest number of cycles (400 to 500) and may require dry heat sterilization. The weight advantage of these cells over the traditional nickel-cadmium batteries makes them also an attractive alternative for synchronous orbit service where 400 to 500 cycles would be required over a five-year period.
Schwartz, H. J.↗