Results for “hardware and software” — Page 17

NASA NTRS2016

Performance of the Primary Mirror Center-of-Curvature Optical Metrology System during Cryogenic Testing of the JWST Pathfinder Telescope

The JWST primary mirror consists of 18 1.5 m hexagonal segments, each with 6-DoF and RoC adjustment. The telescope will be tested at its cryogenic operating temperature at Johnson Space Center. The testing will include center-of-curvature measurements of the PM, using the Center-of-Curvature Optical Assembly (COCOA) and the Absolute Distance Meter Assembly (ADMA). The performance of these metrology systems, including hardware, software, procedures, was assessed during two cryogenic tests at JSC, using the JWST Pathfinder telescope. This paper describes the test setup, the testing performed, and the resulting metrology system performance.

JWST↗

NASA NTRS2014

Addressing the Hard Factors for Command File Errors by Probabilistic Reasoning

Command File Errors (CFE) are managed using standard risk management approaches at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Over the last few years, more emphasis has been made on the collection, organization, and analysis of these errors for the purpose of reducing the CFE rates. More recently, probabilistic modeling techniques have been used for more in depth analysis of the perceived error rates of the DAWN mission and for managing the soft factors in the upcoming phases of the mission. We broadly classify the factors that can lead to CFE's as soft factors, which relate to the cognition of the operators and hard factors which relate to the Mission System which is composed of the hardware, software and procedures used for the generation, verification & validation and execution of commands. The focus of this paper is to use probabilistic models that represent multiple missions at JPL to determine the root cause and sensitivities of the various components of the mission system and develop recommendations and techniques for addressing them. The customization of these multi-mission models to a sample interplanetary spacecraft is done for this purpose.

Meshkat, Leila↗

NASA NTRS2014

NGSLR System Overview

This is a high level overview of the NGSLR system, including a description of the hardware, software, operations and system specifications.

SGP Network↗

NASA NTRS2017

Defining Medical Levels of Care for Exploration Missions

NASA medical care standards establish requirements for providing health and medical programs for crewmembers during all phases of a mission. These requirements are intended to prevent or mitigate negative health consequences of long-duration spaceflight, thereby optimizing crew health and performance over the course of the mission. Current standards are documented in the two volumes of the NASA-STD-3001 Space Flight Human-System Standard document, established by the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer. Its purpose is to provide uniform technical standards for the design, selection, and application of medical hardware, software, processes, procedures, practices, and methods for human-rated systems. NASA-STD-3001 Vol. 1 identifies five levels of care for human spaceflight. These levels of care are accompanied by several components that illustrate the type of medical care expected for each. The Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) of the Human Research Program has expanded the context of these provided levels of care and components. This supplemental information includes definitions for each component of care and example actions that describe the type of capabilities that coincide with the definition. This interpretation is necessary in order to fully and systematically define the capabilities required for each level of care in order to define the medical requirements and plan for infrastructure needed for medical systems of future exploration missions, such as one to Mars.

Hailey, M.↗

NASA NTRS2016

NASA Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Handbook

The purpose of this document is to provide program/project teams necessary instruction and guidance in the best practices for Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS dictionary development and use for project implementation and management control. This handbook can be used for all types of NASA projects and work activities including research, development, construction, test and evaluation, and operations. The products of these work efforts may be hardware, software, data, or service elements (alone or in combination). The aim of this document is to assist project teams in the development of effective work breakdown structures that provide a framework of common reference for all project elements. The WBS and WBS dictionary are effective management processes for planning, organizing, and administering NASA programs and projects. The guidance contained in this document is applicable to both in-house, NASA-led effort and contracted effort. It assists management teams from both entities in fulfilling necessary responsibilities for successful accomplishment of project cost, schedule, and technical goals. Benefits resulting from the use of an effective WBS include, but are not limited to: providing a basis for assigned project responsibilities, providing a basis for project schedule and budget development, simplifying a project by dividing the total work scope into manageable units, and providing a common reference for all project communication.

Planning↗

NASA NTRS2018

NASA Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Handbook

The purpose of this document is to provide program/project teams necessary instruction and guidance in the best practices for Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS dictionary development and use for project implementation and management control. This handbook can be used for all types of NASA projects and work activities including research, development, construction, test and evaluation, and operations. The products of these work efforts may be hardware, software, data, or service elements (alone or in combination). The aim of this document is to assist project teams in the development of effective work breakdown structures that provide a framework of common reference for all project elements.

Schedule↗

NASA NTRS2019

Aircraft Engine Icing Event Avoidance and Mitigation Through Real-Time Simulation and Controls

A process for mitigating or proactively avoiding an aircraft engine icing event may include detecting ice crystals in the atmosphere using one or more sensors on board an aircraft in real time. The process may also include modulating one or more engine operating conditions to proactively change an ice accretion location, to avoid the occurrence of an icing event. The process may further include implementing one or more modulated engine operating conditions in engine controls software, hardware, or both.

Veres, Joseph P.↗

NASA NTRS2014

Defining Reliability and Robustness from a Human Factors Perspective

A human factors team was tasked with assessing best practices for developing a crewed space vehicle that is both reliable and robust. The team identified two broad dimensions of human factors are relevant to system design. Namely, the attributes of the product, and the processes used to develop the product. The “product” includes hardware, software, documentation, training systems, and procedures throughout all phases of the system life, including construction, testing, operation and maintenance. Three product attributes relevant to robustness are the extent to which task demands are within human capabilities, the capacity of the system to cope with unanticipated human actions, and the ability of the system to make use of unique human capabilities during non-routine situations. The “process” dimension of human factors relates to the activities that start in the early stages of design, and continue throughout the life of the system. There are, of course, no guarantees that a formal consideration of human factors throughout the design process will identify all the relevant human issues. In the absence of such a consideration, however, problems are virtually assured.

Hobbs, Alan↗

NASA NTRS2019

Challenges of Implementing Speech Control in a Spacecraft System

This presentation provides the audience with an overview of the challenges for implementation of voice control in space applications that include the hardware, software, environment, and, more importantly, the astronaut. Past voice control applications in space are given as well as a brief overview of NASA's new roadmap.

Salazar, George A.↗

NASA NTRS2016

MarCO: Interplanetary Mission Development on a CubeSat Scale

Mars Cube One (MarCO) is a twin CubeSat mission developed by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to accompany the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) Mars mission lander. MarCO's primary mission objective is to launch with InSight and independently fly to Mars to serve as a communications relay during InSight's entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phase. MarCO represents a new type of deep space mission: CubeSats at Mars. Building on the development of JPL's first interplanetary CubeSat project, the Interplanetary Nano-Spacecraft Pathfinder in Relevant Environment (INSPIRE), MarCO further refined the approach to hardware, software, and ground architecture development to solve the challenges of quickly building low-budget spacecraft to fly to Mars. The greatest constraint, beyond others typical of CubeSat missions, was time. The duration between MarCO's conception to completion of spacecraft assembly was less than two years - an unprecedented schedule for any planetary mission to date. Through necessity, MarCO has built on previous experience, procedures, systems, and development methodologies, defining a new niche for supporting larger primary missions. The MarCO spacecraft are poised to write a new chapter in deep space exploration.

Schoolcraft, Josh↗

NASA NTRS2017

Simulation of Guided-Wave Ultrasound Propagation in Composite Laminates: Benchmark Comparisons of Numerical Codes and Experiment

Ultrasonic wave methods constitute the leading physical mechanism for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) of solid composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Computational models of ultrasonic wave excitation, propagation, and scattering in CFRP composites can be extremely valuable in designing practicable NDE and SHM hardware, software, and methodologies that accomplish the desired accuracy, reliability, efficiency, and coverage. The development and application of ultrasonic simulation approaches for composite materials is an active area of research in the field of NDE. This paper presents comparisons of guided wave simulations for CFRP composites implemented using four different simulation codes: the commercial finite element modeling (FEM) packages ABAQUS, ANSYS, and COMSOL, and a custom code executing the Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique (EFIT). Benchmark comparisons are made between the simulation tools and both experimental laser Doppler vibrometry data and theoretical dispersion curves. A pristine and a delamination type case (Teflon insert in the experimental specimen) is studied. A summary is given of the accuracy of simulation results and the respective computational performance of the four different simulation tools.

Composite↗

NASA NTRS2016

MarCO: Interplanetary Mission Development on a CubeSat Scale

Mars Cube One (MarCO) is a twin CubeSat mission developed by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to accompany the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) Mars mission lander. MarCO's primary mission objective is to launch with InSight and independently fly to Mars to serve as a communications relay during InSight's entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phase. MarCO represents a new type of deep space mission: CubeSats at Mars. Building on the development of JPL's first interplanetary CubeSat project, the Interplanetary Nano-Spacecraft Pathfinder in Relevant Environment (INSPIRE), MarCO further refined the approach to hardware, software, and ground architecture development to solve the challenges of quickly building low-budget spacecraft to fly to Mars. The greatest constraint, beyond others typical of CubeSat missions, was time. The duration between MarCO's conception to completion of spacecraft assembly was less than two years - an unprecedented schedule for any planetary mission to date. Through necessity, MarCO has built on previous experience, procedures, systems, and development methodologies, defining a new niche for supporting larger primary missions. The MarCO spacecraft are poised to write a new chapter in deep space exploration.

Schoolcraft, Josh↗

NASA NTRS2019

NASA Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Handbook

The purpose of this document is to provide program/project teams necessary instruction and guidance in the best practices for Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS dictionary development and use for project implementation and management control. This handbook can be used for all types of NASA projects and work activities including research, development, construction, test and evaluation, and operations. The products of these work efforts may be hardware, software, data, or service elements (alone or in combination). The aim of this document is to assist project teams in the development of effective work breakdown structures that provide a framework of common reference for all project elements.

Formulation↗

NASA NTRS2021

Configuration and Data Management Plan for the Thermophysics Facilities

This document establishes the Configuration and Data Management Plan for the Thermophysics Facilities Branch (TSF) and describes the implementation of the plan within the organization. Its intent is to control and document changes to facility hardware, software, and facility operating procedures; to control changes to Quality System documents; to ensure that all documents and drawings are current; and to provide for quick retrieval of facility information and documentation while safeguarding original records and documents.

Jeanne A Dominguez↗

NASA NTRS2021

NASA Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Handbook

The purpose of this document is to provide program/project teams necessary instruction and guidance in the best practices for WBS and WBS dictionary development and use for project implementation and management control. This handbook can be used for all types of NASA projects and work activities including research, development, construction, test and evaluation, and operations. The products of these work efforts may be hardware, software, data, or service elements (alone or in combination). The aim of this document is to assist project teams in the development of effective work breakdown structures that provide a framework of common reference for all project elements. The WBS and WBS dictionary are effective management processes for planning, organizing, and administering NASA programs and projects. The guidance contained in this document is applicable to both in-house, NASA-led effort and contracted effort. It assists management teams from both entities in fulfilling necessary responsibilities for successful accomplishment of project cost, schedule, and technical goals. Benefits resulting from the use of an effective WBS include, but are not limited to: providing a basis for assigned project responsibilities, providing a basis for project schedule and budget development, simplifying a project by dividing the total work scope into manageable units, and providing a common reference for all project communication.

Christopher Lewis Sadler↗

NASA NTRS2021

Resilient Space Habitat Design Using Safety Controls

Space habitats will involve a complex and tightly coupled combination of hardware, software, and humans, while operating in challenging environments that pose many risks, both known and unknown. It will not be possible to design habitats that are immune to failure, nor will it be possible to foresee all possible failures. Rather than aiming for designs where ―failure is not an option,‖ habitats must be resilient to disruptions. We propose an approach to resilient design for space habitats based on the concept of safety controls from system safety engineering. We model disruptions using a state-and-trigger approach, where the space habitat is in one of three distinct states at each time instance: nominal, hazardous, or accident. We use safety controls as ways of preventing a system from entering or remaining in a hazardous or accident state. We develop a safety control option space for the habitat, from which designers can select the set of safety controls that best meet resilience, performance, and other system goals. The safety control option space is likely to be large, accordingly, we design a database that links safety controls to the applicable states and triggers. We demonstrate our approach on the early design stage of a Martian space habitat.

Safety↗

NASA NTRS2023

Extending Aquatic Spectral Information with the First Radiometric IR-B Field Observations

Planetary radiometric observations enable remote sensing of biogeochemical parameters to describe spatiotemporal variability in aquatic ecosystems. For approximately the last half century, the science of aquatic radiometry has established a knowledge base using primarily, but not exclusively, visible wavelengths. Scientific subdisciplines supporting aquatic radiometry have evolved hardware, software, and procedures to maximize competency for exploiting visible wavelength information. This perspective culminates with the science requirement that visible spectral resolution must be continually increased to extract more information. Other sources of information, meanwhile, remain underexploited, particularly information from nonvisible wavelengths. Herein, absolute radiometry is used to evaluate spectral limits for deriving and exploiting aquatic data products, specifically the normalized water-leaving radiance, Γ(λ)⁠, and its derivative products. Radiometric observations presented herein are quality assured for individual wavebands, and spectral verification is conducted by analyzing celestial radiometric results, comparing agreement of above- and in-water observations at applicable wavelengths, and evaluating consistency with bio-optical models and optical theory. The results presented include the first absolute radiometric field observations of Γ(λ) within the IR-B spectral domain (i.e. spanning 1400–3000 nm), which indicate that IR-B signals confer greater and more variable flux than formerly ascribed. Black-pixel processing, a routine correction in satellite and in situ aquatic radiometry wherein a spectrum is offset corrected relative to a nonvisible waveband (often IR-B or a shorter legacy waveband) set to a null value, is shown to degrade aquatic spectra and derived biogeochemical parameters.

aquatic optics↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Sustainable Crop Cultivation in Space Analogs: A BRIDGES Methodology Perspective Through SpaCEA

Sustainable crop cultivation in space holds paramount significance for the support of life in future long-duration missions. This research explores the development and integration of innovative low-cost proof-of-concept (LC-POC) plant growth cabinets tailored for use in space analog missions. By outlining past and current efforts in space farming, this study introduces the SpaCEA Cabinet using BRIDGES framework, establishing a context for reproducible experiments and innovation in plant growth systems. The SpaCEA cabinets can either be delivered in flat packs or assembled on-site, employing cutting-edge methods like 3-D printing and laser cutting. The main objective is to assess how effectively these structures foster crop growth within analog environments while replicating conditions crucial for space exploration. Employing a multi-faceted approach encompassing technical and qualitative dimensions, this project integrates a qualitative investigation where representatives managing analog stations and analog astronauts will partake in interviews and questionnaires to discern specific requirements and challenges within these environments. Insights gained from these engagements will significantly define the final design parameters of updated SpaCEA plant growth cabinets. The practical applicability of these cabinets emphasizes ease of assembly and transportation, addressing the inherent spatial and logistical constraints associated with space missions. Furthermore, the BRIDGES framework ensures the standardization of hardware, software, and data-gathering elements within a unified structure, which utilizes cutting-edge manufacturing technologies for the prototyping and deployment of these cabinets. The anticipated outcomes of this research include the identification of key design considerations and technical specifications for plant growth cabinets tailored to space farming analog systems. This research is poised to contribute valuable knowledge to sustainable space exploration through the development of interoperable plant growth systems for analog environments, advancing research in space crop cultivation which will make up part of a larger bioregenerative life support system.

Advanced Life Support↗