Radioactive halos and the lunar environment
Apollo 11 and 12 rock samples examination, failing to observe radioactive halos
Gentry, R. V.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “haloes”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Search for a Venus halo effect during 1970.
Photometric observations of Venus during 1970 inferior conjunction, in contrast to observations made during the 1969 inferior conjunction, show no evidence of a Venus halo effect at 158 phase angle. The upper limit to brightening is about 0.005 mag but can still be reconciled with earlier results. Because of the importance of the question of H2O-ice in the Venus clouds, further observations are encouraged to remove the marginality of most observations to date.
Ward, D.↗
Investigation of halo satellite orbit control
Calculations are given for Halo satellite orbit control. Previous truncated analytical descriptions were limited and lead to an acceleration error averaging about .000001, which is the 'cost' of a very tight control to the nominal path. The stationkeeping problem is posed so as to permit a looser, optimal three-axis control.
Breakwell, J. V.↗
Microwave continuum radiation from comet Kohoutek 1973f - Emission from the icy-grain halo
Cometary emission was measured at 3.71 cm on January 10-11, 1974. A possible detection at 2.8 cm and an upper limit at 11.1 cm are also reported. Interferometer measurements at 3.71 cm show that the angular diameter is less than 1.4 arc sec or less than 850 km at the comet. The corresponding disk brightness temperature is greater than 313 + or - 80 K. The radiation presumably originates in the icy-grain halo postulated by Delsemme.
Hobbs, R. W.↗
Gaseous halos - Implications for cluster, galaxy, and radio-source evolution
Substantial amounts of enriched gas produced during the early stages of galactic evolution can be stably contained within massive extended halos and released into the intracluster medium by galaxy collisions at a relatively late epoch. If most of the intracluster gas in rich clusters originates in this manner, the onset of ram-pressure stripping can be delayed until z is no more than about 0.5. Prior to this, such clusters contain many spiral and gas-rich elliptical galaxies, thereby accounting for the unusually large proportion of blue galaxies found in distant clusters. Implications are drawn for X-ray observations of rich clusters and for the morphology of extended extragalactic radio sources.
Norman, C.↗
Pal 12 - A metal-rich globular cluster in the outer halo
New optical and infrared observations of several stars in the distant globular cluster Pal 12 show that they have CO strengths and heavy element abundances only slightly less than in M 71, one of the more metal-rich globular clusters. Pal 12 thus has a metal abundance near the high end of the range over which globular clusters exist and lies in the outer galactic halo. Its red horizontal branch is not anomalous in view of the abundance that has been found.
Cohen, J. G.↗
Analysis of UV protection requirements and testing of candidate attenuators for the Haloe optical instrument
Results of calculations are presented which simulate photolytic processes occurring in HALOE gas calibration cells exposed to extra-terrestrial solar ultraviolet photons. These calculations indicate that significant photolysis takes place in two of the sapphire-enclosed cells over the exposure periods of the proposed mission. A subsequent laboratory investigation is also described in which a high-voltage discharge hydrogen light source is used in conjunction with a vacuum ultraviolet spectrograph. The UV emission from this lamp was used to expose two candidate UV attenuators (ZnSe and coated Ge) to ascertain their suitability as UV filters while maintaining original infrared optical properties. Both materials were found to be effectively opaque to vacuum UV radiaton and suffered no adverse effects regarding their infrared transmissivity.
Nealy, J. E.↗
Morphology of gaseous halos of galaxies
Recent ultraviolet and optical observations of high latitude gas are reviewed. Hydrogen 21 cm observations of high latitude gas and extended disks of spiral galaxies are used to formulate a picture of the gaseous halo which may be relevant to the origin of quasi stellar object absorption lines.
York, D. G.↗
Changes in interstellar atomic abundances from the galactic plane to the halo
A few, specially selected interstellar absorption lines were measured in the high resolution, far ultraviolet spectra of 200 O and B type stars observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). For lines of sight extending beyond about 500 pc from the galactic plane, the abundance of singly ionized iron atoms increases relative to singly ionized sulfur. However, the relative abundances of singly ionized sulfur, silicon and aluminum do not seem to change appreciably. An explanation for the apparent increase of iron is the partial sputtering of material off the surfaces of dust grains by interstellar shocks. Another possibility might be that the ejecta from type I supernovae enrich the low density medium in the halo with iron.
Jenkins, E. B.↗
Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) gas cell life test program
The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) will use gas filter correlation radiometry to measure the atmospheric concentration profiles of HCl, HF, NO, and CH4 from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The need to contain the gases for the gas filter measurements has resulted in the development of gas cells and the need for a life test program to demonstrate that the gas cells will perform their functions for extended periods (several years) of time. This report describes the tests in the life test program, the test apparatus used, and the analysis techniques developed. The report also presents data obtained during the first 14 months of the test program.
Sullivan, E. M.↗
Thermal conduction and heating by nonthermal electrons in the X-ray halo of M87
A hydrostatic model for the X-ray halo around the giant elliptical galaxy M87 is presented. It is shown that by taking into account the processes of thermal conduction, and nonthermal heating by relativistic electrons in the radio lobes, a self-consistent hydrostatic model can be constructed. There is no need to invoke radiative accretion or the suppression of thermal conductivity.
Tucker, W. H.↗
Changes in interstellar atomic abundances from the galactic plane to the halo
A few, specially selected interstellar absorption lines were measured in the high resolution, far ultraviolet spectra of 200 O and B type stars observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). For lines of sight extending beyond about 500 pc from the galactic plane, the abundance of singly ionized iron atoms increases relative to singly ionized sulfur. However, the relative abundances of singly ionized sulfur, silicon and aluminum do not seem to change appreciably. An explanation for the apparent increase of iron is the partial sputtering of material off the surfaces of dust grains by interstellar shocks. Another possibility might be that the ejecta from type I supernovae enrich the low density medium in the halo with iron. Previously announced in STAR as N82-33310
Jenkins, E. B.↗
Radio and X-ray observations of the radio halo source in A1367
Radio and X-ray observations of the 'radio halo' in A1367 are presented. The radio spectral index distribution is derived combining data at 610 and 1415 MHz taken with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). A high-resolution Very Large Array (VLA) map allows us to discriminate between the extended cluster emission and a triple radio source associated with a background stellar object (most probably a QSO) which appears projected onto it. X-ray observations taken with the high-resolution imager on board the Einstein satellite reveal an X-ray source associated with this background object. A second weak X-ray enhancement is found projected onto the extended radio component. Inverse Compton scattering of the synchrotron-emitting particles provides a possible interpretation of such a source. The presence of large-scale magnetic fields and particle acceleration due to the turbulent motion of galaxies through the intergalactic medium is discussed in relationship to the observed peculiarities of the galaxies found in this region.
Gavazzi, G.↗
Search for emission lines in the gaseous halo of edge-on galaxies
Careful reductions of the short wave prime camera (SWP) spectrum was carried out. A line by line inspection of the spectrum was used to eliminate spurious spikes and a median filter applied to eliminate high frequency noise. Upper limits were obtained for far ultraviolet emission from a hot galactic halo.
Bixler, J.↗
Inflow of halo gas from the direction of the Galactic north pole
A far-UV echelle spectrum has been obtained of the UV-bright star vZ1128 in the globular cluster M3. This cluster lies in a direction 11 deg off the Galactic north pole at a distance of about 10 kpc. Only the usually strong interstellar lines are recognizable in the faint spectrum, and they show absorption at velocities from near +40 km/s to -100 km/s. Since in the direction observed the line-of-sight component of the Milky Way rotation is negligible, the detected velocities demonstrate for this direction the motion of gas from the Milky Way halo toward the disk. Gas returning to the disk in a galactic fountainlike flow may explain the observations.
De Boer, K. S.↗
Halo of NGC 4631 and models of cosmic-ray transport
The halo of edge on spiral galaxy of NGC 4631 is studied from 327 MHz to 10700 MHz to delineate the models of cosmic ray transport. Preliminary studies show that the spectral steepening as a function of height above the plane can be understood in terms of the simplest cosmic ray transport models, viz., simple isotropic diffusion in an infinite medium.
Cowsik, R.↗
The extent of the local hi halo
Forty-five high-latitude, OB stars have been observed in the Ly alpha and 21 cm lines of HI in an effort to map out the vertical distribution and extent of the local HI halo. The 25 stars for which a reliable HI colum density can be obtained from Ly alpha lie between 60 and 3100 pc from the plane. The principal result is that the total column density of HI at z 1 kpc is, on the average, 5 + or - 3 x 10 the 19th power/sq cm, or 15% of the total sub HI. At relatively low z the data toward some stars suggest a low effective scale height and fairly high average foreground density, while toward others the effective scale height is large and the average density is low. This can be understood as the result of irregularities in the interstellar medium. A model with half of the HI mass in clouds having radii of a few pc and a Gaussian vertical distribution with sigma sub 2 = 135 pc, and half of the mass in an exponential component with a scale height of 500 pc, gives a satisfactory fit to the data. The technique of comparing Ly alpha and 21 cm column densities is also used to discuss the problem of estimating the distance to several possibly subluminous stars.
Lockman, F. J.↗
On the halo events observed by Mount Fuji and Mount Kanbala Emulsion Chamber Experiments
The intensity of big gamma-ray families associated by halo is obtained from Mt. Fuji experiment (650 g/sq.cm. atmospheric depth) and Mt. Kanbala experiment (515 g/sq.cm.). The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculation based on several assumptions on interaction mechanisms and the primary cosmic ray composition. The results suggest more than 3 times lower proton abundance among primaries than that of 10 to the 12th to 10 to the 13th eV region within the framework of quasi-scaling model of multiple production.
Ren, J. R.↗