Laser Disdrometer / Raw Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “distributed wind energy”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Laser Disdrometer / Daily Standardized Files
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Daily Standardized Files
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Daily Standardized Files
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Daily Standardized Files
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Daily Standardized Files
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Standardized Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Standardized Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Standardized Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Standardized Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Laser Disdrometer / Standardized Data
The Parsivel2 Laser Disdrometers provide accurate measurements of precipitation, hail and snow. They also provide droplet size distributions.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Attack Surface of Renewable Energy Technologies
This slide deck presents an overview of the threat landscape for renewable energy technologies. It highlights he growing penetration of renewable resources and potential impact of an attack. Standard architectures are shared to highlight where vulnerabilities may exist and attack paths to reach critical infrastructure. We discuss threat actors and attack paths. Several recent events impacting renewable energy assets or companies are explained.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
A Review on Protection Challenges of Transmission Lines Connected to Inverter-Based Resources
Utilities, university researchers, research institutes, and relay manufacturers have performed studies to investigate different aspects of high IBR penetration. Almost all studies support 1) creating international and national standards to regulate the IBRs, 2) revising engineering tools to address shortcomings, and 3) adjusting the protective relay settings to resolve protection problems. This paper summarizes the studies and research conducted in recent years to quantify the impact of IBR penetration on transmission line protection and to identify potential solutions to improve the dependability and reliability of grid protection systems.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Pickup ions in the unshocked solar wind at Comet Halley
Data obtained by the Tunde-M experiment aboard the Vega 1 spacecraft indicate that the energetic ion flux begins to increase at a distance of about 10 to the 7th km outside Halley's bow shock, with a number of large enhancements superimposed on the general flux level. The energy spectra of ions were determined in the solar wind reference frame by fitting Maxwellian distributions to the ion fluxes in the relevant energy range, between about 90 and 120 keV; they indicate that the temperatures of the Maxwellian at cometocentric distances of 1-2 million km are similar to the temperatures measured just outside the bow shock of Comet G-Z.
Kecskemety, K.↗
Unalakleet Microgrid Optimization for Tribal Community Resilience
The Unalakleet Microgrid Optimization Project aimed to strengthen the reliability and efficiency of the isolated electric power system that serves the Tribal community of Unalakleet, Alaska. The community relies entirely on a local wind-diesel microgrid, consisting of four 475 kW diesel generators and six 100 kW wind turbines, to provide electricity to approximately 745 residents and Tribal facilities. Because Unalakleet is not on a road system and is located nearly 400 miles from the nearest major power grid, maintaining a resilient and efficient local energy system is critical. The scope of this project included upgrading a portion of the transmission line between the wind farm and the power plant to increase voltage and reduce line losses, along with modernizing the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to improve monitoring, control, and data management of the power system. These upgrades were designed to increase wind energy utilization, reduce diesel fuel consumption by tens of thousands of gallons annually, and improve overall grid stability. By allowing more of the community’s electricity to be supplied by local renewable wind resources, the project was designed to lower operating costs, reduce dependence on imported fuel, and strengthen the long-term resilience of the power system. These improvements represent an important step toward the community’s long-term energy vision of expanding renewable generation, incorporating energy storage, and eventually achieving “diesels-off” operation, where essential Tribal loads are powered primarily by local renewable resources.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Concurrent Cooling Effects of Dynamic Line Ratings on Wind Plant Gen-Tie Lines
This report was prepared for the Wind Energy Technology Office for the FY 2022, quarter 2 deliverable. This details the use of dynamic line rating technology to rate a series of gen tie lines connecting wind plants to the regional transmission lines. This consists of two primary study regions, the first on the desert west of Idaho Falls, and the second in the region east of the Cascades along the Columbia River Gorge. The TREAD program that was developed at INL was used to create generated gen-tie lines based on nearby regional transmission line connections. The capacity availability of the gen tie lines are compared with the power production of the wind farms. Overall, the INL Site location shows a much greater capacity for the gen-tie lines due to the higher wind speeds. Across both locations, the HRRR data shows higher wind speeds than observed at the observational weather stations. For both the Columbia Gorge and Idaho areas, the sites show that a statically rate gen-tie could carry additional capacity far above the rated during periods of high wind due to the concurrent cooling effects.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Wind Energy Instrumentation Development Roadmap
The current instrumentation for observing the complex flow fields in and around wind plants struggles to match the fidelity of existing simulation tools. As a result, these measurement limitations create a hurdle for validating and assessing the quality of the wind plant numerical models. This roadmap for instrumentation development recommendations was created to offer guidance on narrowing the gap between measurement and simulation fidelity. A process was established to identify where gaps in instrumentation exist for wind energy test campaigns by analyzing the capabilities of instrumentation for capturing the various important phenomena at the necessary resolution for both the science goal and validation objectives. To this end, a multi-disciplinary team of experts on instrumentation, wind energy, and atmospheric science was assembled to identify these significant instrumentation needs. A recommendation for instrumentation to be developed is provided, and the framework developed through this process is expected to be useful to the design of future test campaigns. The mapping tools developed for this process will be distributed as part of a future International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Program task on instrumentation development.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Design Considerations for a Dual-Frequency Radar for Sea Spray Measurement in Hurricanes
Over the last few years, researchers have determined that sea spray from breaking waves can have a large effect on the magnitude and distribution of the air-sea energy flux at hurricane-force wind speeds. Characterizing the fluxes requires estimates of the height-dependent droplet size distribution (DSD). Currently, the few available measurements have been acquired with spectrometer probes, which can provide only flight-level measurements. As such, in-situ measurement of near-surface droplet fluxes in hurricanes with these instruments is, at best, extremely challenging, if at all possible. This paper describes an airborne dual-wavelength radar profiler concept to retrieve the DSD of sea spray.
hurricanes↗