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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Evaluating the World Infrared Standard Group Field Campaign Report

The standard to which broadband infrared irradiance radiometers (pyrgeometers) are compared is called the World Infrared Standard Group (WISG), maintained in Davos, Switzerland, at the World Radiation Center. WISG consists of four pyrgeometers that were calibrated using the absolute sky-scanning radiometer (ASR; Philipona 2001). The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility has recently adopted this as its standard and all Eppley precision infrared radiometer (PIR) pyrgeometers in ARM are currently being calibrated by transfer calibrations from WISG. Subsequently, the ASR has fallen out of operation, Julian Gröbner (2012) developed the infrared integrating sphere (IRIS) radiometer, and Ibrahim Reda (2012) developed the absolute cavity pyrgeometer (ACP). The IRIS and ACP make absolute measurements of broadband downwelling infrared irradiance using different approaches. These two instruments have been compared to each other and to the WISG (Gröbner et al. 2014). The two newer instruments agreed within about 1 Wm-2 with each other, but not with the WISG, which was 2-5 Wm-2 lower depending on the column water vapor loading. Consequently, a case for changing the current WISG has been made by Gröbner and Reda, basing their suggestion on a total of nine hours of simultaneous IRIS and ACP comparison data as well as data from 177 clear-sky nights between the IRIS and WISG radiometers from October 2009 to December 2013 (Gröbner et al. 2014). These findings were later confirmed during the second International Pyrgeometer Comparison (IPgC-II) held in September/October 2015 at Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD)/World Radiation Center (WRC), bringing the total to about 20 hours of simultaneous ACP and IRIS measurements spread across two years and five days, in the mountainous environment of Davos. For this campaign, the WISG evaluation team deployed several instruments for absolute infrared radiation measurements and pyrgeometers that have been tied to the original standard (ASR) to ARM’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory in the fall of 2017. The experiment was carried out in two phases in order to increase the probability of collecting measurements at a range of water vapor column values, to which the measurements have shown some dependence. Phase 1 of the deployment ran from October 15 to 28, and Phase 2 ran from November 26 to December 9. Four redundant IRIS and two redundant ACP made coincident measurements during this time (the ASR no longer being available for comparison). The link to the WISG was provided by two pyrgeometers calibrated relative to the WISG prior to the campaign at SGP and also measuring coincidently with the two absolute radiometers. In addition, three of the original pyrgeometers directly tied to the original ASR were deployed. (See Figure 1 for instrument setup.) The experiment took place in the fall when water vapor columns were expected to range below and above the 1-cm level that is crucial for ferreting out the water vapor dependence of these measurements that has been noted in Gröbner et al. 2014 and other measurements. An additional source of longwave radiation flux observations was provided by the atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI). The AERI measures downwelling spectral radiance from 3.3 to 19 μm with a calibration that is better than 1% of the ambient radiance (Knuteson et al. 2004), and so serves as a potential source of evaluation for the WISG. The AERI’s field of view is 2 degrees, and is directed towards zenith. Earlier ARM projects led by Tony Clough as part of the Broadband Heating Rate Profile (BBHRP) effort demonstrated how to derive longwave flux from these zenith radiance observations.

AERI, instrument calibration, Southern Great Plain↗
DOE OSTI2018

Natural Attenuation Progress, Plume Movement, and Source Reduction for the SRS CMP Pits VOC Plume - 18384

Monitoring the effectiveness of natural attenuation for remediating the Savannah River Site (SRS) Chemical, Metals, and Pesticides (CMP) Pits plume fringe has focused intensive sampling of shallow groundwater for different reaches of Pen Branch from 2005 to 2017. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed for the critical hyporheic zone beneath Pen Branch and adjacent floodplain. These sampling efforts assisted larger-scale compliance monitoring in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. When applicable, EPA has found natural attenuation to be an acceptable mode of achieving regulatory compliance. While natural attenuation can include any ecosystem function that reduces contaminant loads, it is focused on microbial biochemical pathways. The study plume originated from CMP Pits, a waste disposal area in operation from 1971 to 1979, when the pits were closed and backfilled. In 1984, excavations of source material and contaminated soils were removed up to a depth of 7.6 m below the trenches. However, monitoring well data indicated that perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) had seeped beneath the vadose zone and formed groundwater plumes reaching the Pen Branch valley below. Although 'hot spots' of TCE were found within the Pen Branch floodplain, it was unknown just how the flow pattern was entering Pen Branch and to what degree natural attenuation was reducing the contaminant load. For this reason, our stations were located along the Pen Branch reach bordering the modelled plume fringe. In general, VOCs were highest at station piezometer holes in the middle study zone. Moderate VOC levels were detected at upstream stations and lowest VOC levels were found at downstream stations. Electrical resistance heating (ERH) with soil vapor extraction (SVE) conducted by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS) from 2008 to 2009 at the filled CMP Pits helped to remove contaminants trapped in clay horizons beneath the CMP Pits and to reduce overall new plume concentrations. Collectively PCE, TCE, and their degradation products displayed a favorable yearly trend of contaminant natural attenuation. Additionally, phytoremediation actions by native bamboo, Arundinaria gigantea, added to VOC removal from wetlands soils. Total VOC concentrations at some stations declined by >25% and concentrations of vinyl chloride (VC), a nearly-final stage degradation product increased from 0.0 ppb to >20 ppb. Temporal patterns displayed a continued reduction of VOCs, while spatial patterns indicated a possible slow progression of the plume downstream along Pen Branch. Conclusions about plume export into surface waters must address the seasonal and geological complexities of this system. Hydrological patterns are complex and plumes do not directly outcrop into Pen Branch surface waters, but emerge into the stream through pathways in the porous hyporheic zone. For this reason, continued sampling must identify critical depths and downstream locations where plume flows may be more intense. During drought periods with no surface flow in Pen Branch, subsurface plume flows may be flowing downslope in the hyporheic zone. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Overview of zion comparative analysis project for assessment of Boral{sup R} neutron absorber material performance and monitoring in spent fuel pools - 14618

Neutron absorber materials are used in spent fuel pool (SFP) storage racks to control reactivity. In the United States, about half of the operating plants currently use BORAL{sup R} neutron absorber material in SFP racks. Although operational experience spanning more than 25 years has not shown any loss of the BORAL{sup R} core material, corrosion effects, including blisters and pits, have been observed and reported. To improve understanding for the behavior of BORAL{sup R} in SFPs and evaluate the performance of monitoring approaches, EPRI initiated the Zion comparative analysis project in 2014. The Zion project involves three phases. During the first phase of the project, in situ measurements were performed on selected SFP rack panels in December 2014. Panels for in situ measurements were selected after an extensive analysis of each panel in the pool to ensure that the selected panels represented the pool in terms of variation in neutron and gamma dose values. As part of the second phase of the project, the remaining 10 coupons from the Zion SFP were shipped to a Penn State University (PSU) laboratory for analysis in January 2015. During the final phase of the project, a subset of the panels for which in situ measurements were performed will be harvested from the Zion SFP, cut into samples, and analyzed at PSU. The overall scope of this project will allow comparison of in situ measurements to real panel data as well as data obtained from coupon analysis. In this paper, an overview of the Zion comparative analysis project, the criteria and procedure for panel selection for in situ measurements and harvesting, preliminary coupon analysis results and in situ measurement results are presented. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Groundwater elevation data for monitoring wells within the East and Taylor River basins, Colorado (USA)

This dataset is comprised of temporal variations in groundwater elevation data for the 24 monitoring wells located throughout the East River watershed. Seasonal to annual variations in groundwater elevations are a critical property of mountainous watersheds needed to understand both hydrological and below ground biogeochemical processes. Such data serve as a critical constraint for numerical models describing coupled groundwater-surface water behavior within the watershed. Additionally, the offset between the maximum and minimum groundwater elevations defines the extent of the bedrock weathering zone, with annual excursions in the groundwater hydrographic (i.e., the rising and falling hydrographic limbs) imposing primary controls on bedrock saturation state and redox conditions that govern biogeochemical reactions impacting nitrogen, carbon, and metals cycling. Manufacturer-specific software is used to download pressure data from each transducer, with broadly available spreadsheet software (e.g. Microsoft Excel) used to convert temporal variations in water pressure to elevations in units of meters above mean sea level. As additional monitoring wells are installed within the East River watershed and new groundwater monitoring wells are installed in the Taylor River watershed, temporal groundwater elevation data will be included as a part of this master dataset. Details regarding the metadata associated with each monitoring well location, including well depths, screened intervals, well location coordinates, and bedrock type, are included, as is a standard operating procedure for generating groundwater elevation data from water pressure values recorded by the pressure transducers. This dataset includes: (1) a zip file (East_River_Watershed_Compiled_Groundwater_Elevation_Data_Plots.zip), containing (a) PNG of groundwater hydrographs, (b) a CSV file with groundwater elevation data, and (c) CSV file containing metadata organized by location; (2) an Excel file (East_River_Watershed_Compiled_Groundwater_Elevation_Data_Plots.xlsx) with the groundwater elevation data, groundwater hydrographs, and metadata organized by location; (3) a Word file (Groundwater_elevation_data_protocols.docx) and a PDF file version (Groundwater_elevation_data_protocols.pdf) containing field protocols and methods; (4) a location metadata (locations.csv) file; (5) a file level metadata (flmd.csv); and (6) data dictionary (dd.csv) file.This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Utah FORGE: Well 56-32 Drilling Data and Logs

This dataset consists of drilling data (Pason data spreadsheets, daily reports, days v. depth, mud logs), Schlumberger logs (FMI, shear anisotropy analysis, memory, sonic, array induction/spectral density/dual spaced neutron/gamma ray/caliper, spectral GR/temperature, and Gardner density correlation), and an end of well report (EOWR) for Utah FORGE well 56-32. This is a vertical well that will be used for seismic monitoring. It was drilled between February 7th and February 21st 2021 to a depth of 9,145 feet. More information about this well can be found at: https://utahforge.com/2021/02/09/drilling-progress-of-well-56-32/ (linked below)

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Proxy-Based Bayesian Inversion Of Poroelastic Simulations To Interpret Strain Tensor Data Measured During Well Testing

The long runtimes of 3D poroelastic numerical simulators makes it impractical to interpret deformation datasets using many inversion schemes. Recent advances in instrumentation have made it possible to measure the strain tensor during well testing, but the lack of robust inversion methods is limiting the ability to interpret these data. We have developed an inversion workflow that reduces the number of computations required to complete a Bayesian inversion using DREAMzs. The workflow trains a KNN model using output from the poroelastic simulator, and then uses the KNN model as a proxy for the simulator during inversion. The workflow also includes a strategy for ensuring the results from the proxy model converge to the results from the simulator, ensuring the accuracy of the final results. An idealized example configured to represent a well test in a deep aquifer is used to verify that the workflow correctly identifies parameters and characterizes noise. Field data measured using strainmeters during an injection test at an oil reservoir in Oklahoma are used to evaluate performance with a real dataset. The workflow identified 265 history matching solutions out of 1240 total simulation runs (21% acceptance ratio), and the results are used to characterize posterior parameter distribution and evaluate the prediction uncertainty. This approach makes it feasible to invert strain data measured during well testing and this has the potential to improve the characterization of aquifers and reservoirs.

Roudini, Soheil↗
NASA NTRS2006

The Use of RGPS Kinematic Data to Estimate Nonlinear Sea Ice Motion

In current simulations of the interaction between sea ice and its environment, large significance is placed on the deformation of the sea ice. Sea ice deformation is an important process in determining the sea ice thickness distribution across a wide range of space and time scales. Changes in the sea ice thickness distribution affect energy and mass fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean and also the strength of the ice. While most current ice models assume linear variation in the ice motion field to calculate strain, deformation of sea ice occurs through the opening, closing and shearing of ice along discrete linear features. New numerical models are being developed which explicitly account for discontinuities in ice motion, and the need for requisite data sets for model validation has emerged. Multiple buoy data sets, as well as satellite data, have been used to examine the movement and deformation of sea ice. Generally it has been found that the ice motion field has been represented well by buoy data, as well as satellite data over a broad range of scales. However, the underlying deformation (spatial variation in displacement) as represented by different data sets may vary. For the work presented here, sea ice motion In current simulations of the interaction between sea ice and its environment, large significance is placed on the deformation of the sea ice. Sea ice deformation is an important process in determining the sea ice thickness distribution across a wide range of space and time scales. Changes in the sea ice thickness distribution affect energy and mass fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean and also the strength of the ice. While most current ice models assume linear variation in the ice motion field to calculate strain, deformation of sea ice occurs through the opening, closing and shearing of ice along discrete linear features. New numerical models are being developed which explicitly account for discontinuities in ice motion, and the need for requisite data sets for model validation has emerged. Multiple buoy data sets, as well as satellite data, have been used to examine the movement and deformation of sea ice. Generally it has been found that the ice motion field has been represented well by buoy data, as well as satellite data over a broad range of scales. However, the underlying deformation (spatial variation in displacement) as represented by different data sets may vary. For the work presented here, sea ice motio

Pruis, M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Utah FORGE Seismic Stations and Wells GPS Survey Data, 2021

This is a CSV spreadsheet containing UTM and Latitude and Longitude coordinates and elevations for Wells 78-32, 58-32, and 16A(78)-32 and BOR1, BOR2, BOR3, FOR2, FOR5, FORK, FORU, and FORW seismic stations. These are from a GPS survey conducted by the Utah Geological Survey in June, 2021.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1996

Experimental Characterization of Gas Turbine Emissions at Simulated Flight Altitude Conditions

NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) is developing a scientific basis for assessment of the atmospheric impact of subsonic and supersonic aviation. A primary goal is to assist assessments of United Nations scientific organizations and hence, consideration of emissions standards by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Engine tests have been conducted at AEDC to fulfill the need of AEAP. The purpose of these tests is to obtain a comprehensive database to be used for supplying critical information to the atmospheric research community. It includes: (1) simulated sea-level-static test data as well as simulated altitude data; and (2) intrusive (extractive probe) data as well as non-intrusive (optical techniques) data. A commercial-type bypass engine with aviation fuel was used in this test series. The test matrix was set by parametrically selecting the temperature, pressure, and flow rate at sea-level-static and different altitudes to obtain a parametric set of data.

GAS TURBINES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cape EGS: Frisco Pad Wells Flow Test Microseismic Data

This dataset contains microseismic data acquired during the Frisco pad flow test project led by Fervo Energy, conducted between July 17th - Aug 12th 2024, near the Utah FORGE geothermal site. The microseismic data was collected from various Utah FORGE wells: via Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) fiber in 16B, and two 3-component geophones located in wells 56-32 and 78B. The dataset is structured in SEGY format, where the first six traces represent data from the geophones, and the remaining traces capture DAS data from well 16B. Each SEGY file in this dataset contains triggered microseismic events, with event initiation based on Short-Time Average over Long-Time Average (STA/LTA) detection criteria during the stimulation process. Files are grouped by time intervals and named following the structure "[WellPad][WellName][Month]_[Year]Divine_Trigger[EventNumber].sgy," indicating well pad, well name, date, and event number. Sampling parameters include a spatial sampling of approximately 2 meters for DAS channels and a temporal sampling rate of 2000 Hz, with each data record spanning 1.2 seconds. The files' coordinates are referenced to the location of the FORGE 16A-32 wellhead, positioned at UTM coordinates: Easting 334641.1891 m and Northing 4263443.693 m. The geographic coordinates for this origin are 38.50402147 latitude and -112.8963897 longitude, with an elevation of 1650.0249 meters above sea level.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Utah FORGE Well 78B-32 Daily Drilling Reports and Logs

This data set includes the daily drilling reports and Pason data for well 78B-32 and Schlumberger logs acquired after drilling completion. This well was drilled between June 27th and July 31st of 2021. Also included is raw and processed data for a variety of well data metrics including temperature, porosity, density, and sonic data. This data was taken at the Utah FORGE site as part of the Utah FORGE project.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Proxy-based Bayesian inversion of strain tensor data measured during well tests

Recent instrument developments have made it possible to measure the strain tensor caused by injecting or pumping fluid from aquifers or reservoirs, but the full value of these data is limited because the long runtimes of poroelastic forward models makes it impractical to use many inversion schemes. This limits the interpretation of strain data for managing the recovery of resources or storage of wastes in the subsurface. This paper describes a method of inverting deformation data using a poroelastic numerical simulator so the results can be used to manage reservoirs or aquifers. We developed a workflow designed to reduce the number of simulations sufficiently to make it feasible to use DREAMzs, an advanced Bayesian inversion method that translates the uncertainties from different sources into unbiased posterior parameter distributions and uncertainty envelopes around the field data. Using a KNN proxy model for the poroelastic simulator is key to reducing the overall computations, and the workflow includes a strategy for ensuring the proxy model results converge on the results from the simulator. The workflow is tested using an idealized example that verifies the ability to correctly identify parameters and characterize noise used to perturb the data. Field data from an injection test at an oil reservoir near Tulsa, Oklahoma, are also used to evaluate the efficacy of the workflow with a real dataset. The workflow identified 265 history matching solutions out of 1240 total simulation runs (21% acceptance ratio), where the results were used to characterize posterior parameter distribution and evaluate the prediction uncertainty. Furthermore, this workflow is significant because it enables strain tensor, or other geomechanical measurements to be interpreted to guide decision-making during energy and environmental processes in the subsurface.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

UW Enterprises LP Well Database

Data from the UW Enterpirses LP Well described in Hu, L.; Paronish, T.; Crandall, D.; Jarvis, K.; Mitchell, N.; Brown, S.; Workman, S; Douds, A., Mastalerz, M, Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the UW Enterprises Well in Southwestern Indiana; DOE.NETL-2024.XXXX; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory: Morgantown, WV, 2024; p 49.

Core Characterization↗
DOE OSTI2024

Utah FORGE: Well 16B(78)-32 Distributed Temperature Sensing Data from April and May 2024

This dataset includes Neubrex Energy Services fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data from well 16B(78)-32 during stimulation and circulation, including interaction with well 16A(78)-32, during April and May 2024. The DTS data are stored in HDF5 file format and are accompanied by a PowerPoint report on the study. All times in this dataset are in UTC. Depths are in MD relative to Kelly Bushing Height, and temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit. All DTS measurements were made using a Yokogawa 3000DTSX Distributed Temperature Sensing Interrogator Unit, with a spatial sampling interval of 3.28 feet and a temporal sampling rate of 129 seconds. The third-party Pressure-Temperature Gauge data should be used with caution after April 20, 2024, as its performance is not considered reliable beyond this date.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Identification of blind geothermal resources in Surprise Valley, CA, using publicly available groundwater well water quality data

Geothermal resource exploration is generally limited to areas with surface expressions of thermal activity (fumaroles and hot springs), or relies on expensive geophysical exploration techniques. The hidden subsurface distribution of geothermal fluids has been identified using a free and publicly available water quality dataset from agricultural and domestic water wells in Surprise Valley, northeastern California. Thermally evolved waters in Surprise Valley have element ratios that vary in response to Ca carbonate and Mg silicate mineral precipitation, and have elevated total dissolved solids (TDS). The arid climate in Surprise Valley leads to surface water evaporation in a closed basin, producing high TDS Na-Cl-CO 3 -SO 4 brines in three ephemeral alkali lakes and in shallow groundwater under elevated soil CO 2 conditions. Evaporated fluids in Surprise Valley follow a chemical divide that leads to Ca carbonate and Mg silicate mineral precipitation. Plots of dissolved element ratios can be used to distinguish groundwater affected by evaporation from water affected by thermal water-rock interaction, however it is challenging to select components for plotting that best illustrate different fluid evolution mechanisms. Here, we use a principal component analysis of centered log-ratio transformed data, coupled with geochemical models of fluid evaporation and thermal mixing pathways, to identify components to plot that distinguish between groundwater samples influenced by evaporation from those influenced by thermal processes. We find that groundwater samples with a thermal signature come from wells that define a coherent, linear geographical distribution that closely matches the location of known and inferred faults. Finally, modification of the general approach employed here provides promise for identifying blind geothermal resources in other locations, by applying low-cost geochemical modeling and statistical techniques to areas where large groundwater quality geochemical datasets are available.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS2007

Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by Ozonesonde and Lidar Measurements

We present validation studies of MLS version 2.2 upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles using ozonesonde and lidar data as well as climatological data. Ozone measurements from over 60 ozonesonde stations worldwide and three lidar stations are compared with coincident MLS data. The MLS ozone stratospheric data between 150 and 3 hPa agree well with ozonesonde measurements, within 8% for the global average. MLS values at 215 hPa are biased high compared to ozonesondes by approximately 20% at middle to high latitude, although there is a lot of variability in this altitude region.

validation studies↗
NASA NTRS1995

Data management, archiving, visualization and analysis of space physics data

A series of programs for the visualization and analysis of space physics data has been developed at UCLA. In the course of those developments, a number of lessons have been learned regarding data management and data archiving, as well as data analysis. The issues now facing those wishing to develop such software, as well as the lessons learned, are reviewed. Modern media have eased many of the earlier problems of the physical volume required to store data, the speed of access, and the permanence of the records. However, the ultimate longevity of these media is still a question of debate. Finally, while software development has become easier, cost is still a limiting factor in developing visualization and analysis software.

Russell, C. T.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE: Well 16B(78)-32 Drilling Data

This drilling data for Utah FORGE well 16B(78)-32 include a well survey, core summary, mud and mud temperature logs, daily reports of the drilling process, and additional data from the Pason oil and gas company. Well 16B(78)-32 serves as the production well for reservoir creation, fluid circulation, and demonstration of heat extraction for the FORGE project. It has been drilled as a doublet approximately 300 feet parallel to and above the injection well 16A(78)-32. The proposed total depth was 10,658 feet, which was exceeded. Spudding began on April 26th, 2023. As of June 20th, 2023, the total depth measured 10,947 feet and the vertical depth measured 8,357 feet. Drilling included the trial use of insulated drill pipe (IDP) from Eavor Technologies, which was considered a success. IDP restricts counter-current heat transfer between drilling fluid inside the drill string and hotter returning fluid in the annulus, thereby ensuring the bottomhole assembly (BHA) remains submerged in cool fluid. Eavor rented 350 joints of IDP to FORGE which were run in two consecutive BHAs at the well. The results of this trial are included here.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗