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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Flavor, transverse momentum, and azimuthal dependence of charged pion multiplicities in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with 10.6 GeV electrons

Measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering multiplicities for 𝜋 + and 𝜋 − from proton and deuteron targets are reported on a grid of hadron kinematic variables 𝑧, 𝑃 𝑇 , and 𝜙* for leptonic kinematic variables in the range 0.3<𝑥<0.6 and 3<𝑄 2 <5GeV 2 . Data were acquired in 2018 and 2019 at Jefferson Lab Hall C with a 10.6 GeV electron beam impinging on 10-cm-long liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. Scattered electrons and charged pions were detected in the High Momentum Spectrometer and Super High Momentum Spectrometer, respectively. The multiplicities were fitted for each bin in (𝑥,𝑄 2 ,𝑧,𝑃𝑡) to extract the 𝜙*—independent 𝑀 0 and the azimuthal modulations ⟨cos⁡(𝜙*)⟩ and ⟨cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*)⟩. The 𝑃𝑡 dependence of the 𝑀 0 results was found to be remarkably consistent for the four cases studied: 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋 − ⁢𝑋 over the range 0GeV<𝑃 𝑡 <0.4GeV, as were the multiplicities evaluated near 𝜙*=180∘ over the extended range 0GeV<𝑃 𝑡 <0.7GeV. The Gaussian widths of the 𝑃 𝑡 dependence exhibit a quadratic increase with 𝑧. The cos⁡(𝜙*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero for 𝜋 + , in agreement with previous world data, while the 𝜋 − moments were, in many cases, significantly greater than zero. The cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero. The higher statistical precision of this dataset of about 20 000 individual multiplicity values, compared with previously published data, should allow improved determinations of quark transverse momentum distributions and higher twist contributions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Effect of Transverse Compression on the Dielectric Breakdown of Power Cable with Ethylene Propylene Rubber Insulation

Understanding of the failure mechanisms of submarine dynamic power cables (SDPC) is critical for innovative design to meet the 2035 cost reduction target of U.S. DOE Floating Offshore Wind Shot. This is important because the current design suffers a significant failure rate in the field. This project explored a multiphysics approach and conducted systematic electro-thermo-mechanical (ETM) experimental study on the power cores extracted from a 15 kV power cable. The power cable had three cores of copper conductor and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulation. An ETM testing system with transverse compression capability was developed. Mechanical loading induced dielectric breakdown. Increasing temperature from room temperature (RT, 22 degrees Celsius) to 90 degrees Celsius resulted in the 67% decrease in the failure mechanical load as defined by the dielectric breakdown. With the same temperature rise, the creep mechanical load was reduced by 70% at a given dielectric breakdown time. The post-test measurement revealed an impressive recovery of electrical resistance, although the dielectric breakdown occurred in the ETM test that would not be captured without the use of ETM testing.

Wang, Hong [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000201730545)↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Comprehensive Review of Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Machines: Use in Direct-Drive Applications

The use of direct-drive machines in renewable and industrial applications is increasing at a rapid rate. Transverse flux machines (TFMs) are ideally suited for direct-drive applications due to their high torque density. This article presents a comprehensive review of permanent magnet (PM) TFMs for direct-drive applications. It introduces TFMs and their operating principle and reviews the different types of TFMs proposed in the literature. TFMs are categorized by the number of stator sides, types of stator cores, and magnet arrangement in the rotor. The review covers different design topologies, materials used for manufacturing, structural and thermal analyses, modeling, design optimization, and cogging torque minimization in TFMs. The article also examines various applications and comparisons for TFMs presented in the literature.

air gaps↗
DOE OSTI2020

Skyrmion dynamics and transverse mobility: skyrmion Hall angle reversal on 2D periodic substrates with dc and biharmonic ac drives

Here we numerically examine the dynamics of a skyrmion interacting with a two-dimensional periodic substrate under dc and biharmonic ac drives. We show that the Magnus force of the skyrmion produces circular orbits that can resonate with the ac drive and the periodicity of the substrate to create quantized motion both parallel and perpendicular to the dc drive. The skyrmion Hall angle exhibits a series of increasing and/or decreasing steps along with strongly fluctuating regimes. In the phase locked regimes, the skyrmion Hall angle is constant and the skyrmion motion consists of periodic orbits encircling an integer number of obstacles per every or every other ac drive cycle. We also observe phases in which the skyrmion moves at 90° with respect to the driving direction even in the presence of damping, a phenomenon called absolute transverse mobility that can exhibit reentrance as a function of dc drive. When the biharmonic ac drives have different amplitudes in the two directions, we find regimes in which the skyrmion Hall angle shows a sign reversal from positive to negative, as well as a reentrant pinning effect in which the skyrmion is mobile at low drives but becomes pinned at higher drives. These behaviors arise due to the combination of the Magnus force with the periodic motion of the skyrmions, which produce Shapiro steps, directional locking, and ratchet effects.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of the transverse momentum distribution of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes precision measurements of the transverse momentum $p_\mathrm {T}^{\ell \ell }$ ($\ell =e,\mu $) and of the angular variable $\phi ^{*}_{\eta }$ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in a mass range of 66–116 GeV. The analysis uses data from 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\,$TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair final states are performed in the same fiducial volumes, corrected for detector effects, and combined. Compared to previous measurements in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and $8\,$TeV, these new measurements probe perturbative QCD at a higher centre-of-mass energy with a different composition of initial states. They reach a precision of 0.2$\%$ for the normalized spectra at low values of $p_\mathrm {T}^{\ell \ell }$. The data are compared with different QCD predictions, where it is found that predictions based on resummation approaches can describe the full spectrum within uncertainties.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for direct production of electroweakinos in final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying into two b -jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $pp \rightarrow \tilde\chi^\pm_1 \tilde\chi^0_2$ in which the chargino ($\tilde\chi^\pm_1$) decays into a $W$ boson and the lightest neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_1$), while the heavier neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_2$) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $\tilde\chi^0_1$ are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of $b$-tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the $W$ boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_{1}/\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$ up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for a scalar partner of the top quark in the all-hadronic $t{\bar{t}}$ plus missing transverse momentum final state at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for direct pair production of scalar partners of the top quark (top squarks or scalar third-generation up-type leptoquarks) in the all-hadronic $t{\bar{t}}$ plus missing transverse momentum final state is presented. The analysis of 139 $\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of ${\sqrt{s}=13}$ TeV proton–proton collision data collected using the ATLAS detector at the LHC yields no significant excess over the Standard Model background expectation. To interpret the results, a supersymmetric model is used where the top squark decays via ${\tilde{t}} \rightarrow t^{(*)} {\tilde{\chi }}^0_1$ t ~ → t ( * ) χ ~ 1 0 , with $t^{(*)}$ t ( * ) denoting an on-shell (off-shell) top quark and ${\tilde{\chi }}^0_1$ χ ~ 1 0 the lightest neutralino. Three specific event selections are optimised for the following scenarios. In the scenario where $m_{{\tilde{t}}}> m_t+m_{{\tilde{\chi }}^0_1}$ m t ~ > m t + m χ ~ 1 0 , top squark masses are excluded in the range 400–1250 GeV for ${\tilde{\chi }}^0_1$ χ ~ 1 0 masses below 200 GeV at 95% confidence level. In the situation where $m_{{\tilde{t}}}\sim m_t+m_{{\tilde{\chi }}^0_1}$ m t ~ ~ m t + m χ ~ 1 0 , top squark masses in the range 300–630 GeV are excluded, while in the case where $m_{{\tilde{t}}}< m_W+m_b+m_{{\tilde{\chi }}^0_1}$ m t ~ < m W + m b + m χ ~ 1 0 (with $m_{{\tilde{t}}}-m_{{\tilde{\chi }}^0_1}\ge 5$ m t ~ - m χ ~ 1 0 ≥ 5 GeV), considered for the first time in an ATLAS all-hadronic search, top squark masses in the range 300–660 GeV are excluded. Limits are also set for scalar third-generation up-type leptoquarks, excluding leptoquarks with masses below 1240 GeV when considering only leptoquark decays into a top quark and a neutrino.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma from two-particle transverse momentum correlations

The specific shear viscosity, η/s, of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC is estimated based on the progressive longitudinal broadening of transverse momentum two-particle correlators, G 2 , reported as a function of collision centrality by the STAR and ALICE experiments. Estimates are computed as a function of collision centrality using the Gavin ansatz which relates the G 2 longitudinal broadening to the specific shear viscosity. Freeze out times required for the use of the ansatz are computed using a linear fit of freeze out times reported as a function of the cubic root of the charged particle pseudorapidity density (dN ch /dη) 1/3 . Estimates of η/s based on ALICE data exhibit little to no dependence on collision centrality at LHC energy, while estimates obtained from STAR data hint that η/s might be a function of collision centrality at top RHIC energy.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum at $\sqrt{s}=13$ with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for gluino and squark pair production with the pairs decaying via the lightest charginos into a final state consisting of two W bosons, the lightest neutralinos ($\tilde{χ}^0_1$), and quarks, are presented: the signal is characterised by the presence of a single charged lepton (e ± or μ ± ) from a W boson decay, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The analysis is performed using 139 fb -1 of proton–proton collision data taken at a centre-of-mass energy √s=13 delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. No statistically significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of squarks and gluinos in simplified models. Masses of gluino (squark) up to 2.2 (1.4 ) are excluded at 95% confidence level for a light $\tilde{χ}^0_1$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Search for chargino–neutralino pair production in final states with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for chargino–neutralino pair production in three-lepton final states with missing transverse momentum is presented. The study is based on a dataset of $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV pp collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 . No significant excess relative to the Standard Model predictions is found in data. The results are interpreted in simplified models of supersymmetry, and statistically combined with results from a previous ATLAS search for compressed spectra in two-lepton final states. Various scenarios for the production and decay of charginos ($\tilde{χ}^±_1$) and neutralinos ($\tilde{χ}^0_2$) are considered. For pure higgsino $\tilde{χ}^±_1$$\tilde{χ}^0_2$ pair-production scenarios, exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on $\tilde{χ}^0_2$ masses up to 210 GeV. Limits are also set for pure wino $\tilde{χ}^±_1$$\tilde{χ}^0_2$ pair production, on $\tilde{χ}^0_2$ masses up to 640 GeV for decays via on-shell W and Z bosons, up to 300 GeV for decays via off-shell W and Z bosons, and up to 190 GeV for decays via W and Standard Model Higgs bosons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Observation of electroweak production of two jets in association with an isolated photon and missing transverse momentum, and search for a Higgs boson decaying into invisible particles at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Zγ pair, with the Z boson decaying into two neutrinos. It also presents a search for invisible or partially invisible decays of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV produced through vector-boson fusion with a photon in the final state. These results use data from LHC proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 . The event signature, shared by all benchmark processes considered for the measurements and searches, is characterized by a significant amount of unbalanced transverse momentum and a photon in the final state, in addition to a pair of forward jets. Electroweak $Zγ$ production in association with two jets is observed in this final state with a significance of 5.2 (5.1 expected) standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross-section for this process is 1.31 ± 0.29 fb. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.37 (0.34$^{+0.15}_{-0.10}$) at 95% confidence level is set on the branching ratio of a 125 GeV Higgs boson to invisible particles, assuming the Standard Model production cross-section. The signature is also interpreted in the context of decays of a Higgs boson into a photon and a dark photon. An observed (expected) 95% CL upper limit on the branching ratio for this decay is set at 0.018 (0.017$^{+0.007}_{-0.005}$), assuming the Standard Model production cross-section for a 125 GeV Higgs boson.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Searches for new phenomena in events with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in 139 fb –1 of √s = 13 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector

Searches for new phenomena inspired by supersymmetry in final states containing an e + e – or μ + μ – pair, jets, and missing transverse momentum are presented. These searches make use of proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 , collected during 2015–2018 at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Two searches target the pair production of charginos and neutralinos. One uses the recursive-jigsaw reconstruction technique to follow up on excesses observed in 36.1 fb –1 of data, and the other uses conventional event variables. The third search targets pair production of coloured supersymmetric particles (squarks or gluinos) decaying through the next-to-lightest neutralino ($\tilde{χ}$$^{0}_{2}$) via a slepton ($\tilde{ℓ}$) or Z boson into ℓ + ℓ – $\tilde{χ}$$^{0}_{1}$ , resulting in a kinematic endpoint or peak in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations. Results are interpreted using simplified models and exclude masses up to 900 GeV for electroweakinos, 1550 GeV for squarks, and 2250 GeV for gluinos.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse momentum and three or more b-jets in 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry involving the pair production of gluinos decaying via off-shell third-generation squarks into the lightest neutralino ($\tilde {χ}_{1}^{0}$) is reported. It exploits LHC proton–proton collision data at a centre-of mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 collected with the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018. The search uses events containing large missing transverse momentum, up to one electron or muon, and several energetic jets, at least three of which must be identified as containing b-hadrons. Both a simple kinematic event selection and an event selection based upon a deep neural network are used. No significant excess above the predicted background is found. In simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos that decay via off-shell top (bottom) squarks, gluino masses less than 2.44 TeV (2.35 TeV) are excluded at 95% CL for a massless $\tilde {χ}_{1}^{0}$. Limits are also set on the gluino mass in models with variable branching ratios for gluino decays to $b$$\overline{b}$$\tilde {χ}_{1}^{0}$, $t$$\overline{t}$$\tilde {χ}_{1}^{0}$ and $t$$\overline{b}$$\tilde {χ}_{1}^{-}$ / $t$$\overline{b}$$\tilde {χ}_{1}^{+}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of the mass dependence of the transverse momentum of lepton pairs in Drell–Yan production in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {TeV} $

The double differential cross sections of the Drell–Yan lepton pair ($\ell^+\ell^-$, dielectron or dimuon) production are measured as functions of the invariant mass m$_{\ell\ell}$, transverse momentum p T ($\ell\ell$), and $\varphi^{*}_{\eta}$. The observable, derived from angular measurements of the leptons and highly correlated with p T ($\ell\ell$), is used to probe the low-p T region in a complementary way. Dilepton masses up to 1 TeV are investigated. Additionally, a measurement is performed requiring at least one jet in the final state. To benefit from partial cancellation of the systematic uncertainty, the ratios of the differential cross sections for various m$_{\ell\ell}$ ranges to those in the Z mass peak interval are presented. The collected data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb -1 of proton–proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Measurements are compared with predictions based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics, including soft-gluon resummation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Search for pair-produced vector-like top and bottom partners in events with large missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair-produced vector-like quarks using events with exactly one lepton ($e$ or $μ$), at least four jets including at least one $b$-tagged jet, and large missing transverse momentum is presented. Data from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 , are analysed. Vector-like partners $T$ and $B$ of the top and bottom quarks are considered, as is a vector-like $X$ with charge +5/3, assuming their decay into a $W$, $Z$, or Higgs boson and a third-generation quark. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed. Upper limits on the production cross-section of $T$ and $B$ quark pairs as a function of their mass are derived for various decay branching ratio scenarios. The strongest lower limits on the masses are 1.59 assuming mass-degenerate vector-like quarks and branching ratios corresponding to the weak-isospin doublet model, and 1.47 TeV (1.46 TeV) for exclusive $T$→$Zt$ ($B/X$→$Wt$) decays. In addition, lower limits on the $T$ and $B$ quark masses are derived for all possible branching ratios.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Determination of the strong-coupling constant from the Z-boson transverse-momentum distribution

Abstract The strong-coupling constant is determined from the low-momentum region of the transverse-momentum distribution ofZbosons produced through the Drell–Yan process, using predictions at third order in perturbative QCD. The analysis employs a measurement performed in proton-antiproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of$$\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF experiment. The determined value of the strong coupling at the reference scale corresponding to theZ-boson mass is$$\alpha _S(m_Z)= 0.1191^{+0.0013}_{-0.0016}$$ α S ( m Z ) = 0 . 1191 - 0.0016 + 0.0013 .

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

The performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction and its significance with the ATLAS detector using 140 $\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV pp collisions

This paper presents the reconstruction of missing transverse momentum ($p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$ ) in proton–proton collisions, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. This is a challenging task involving many detector inputs, combining fully calibrated electrons, muons, photons, hadronically decaying $\tau$ -leptons, hadronic jets, and soft activity from remaining tracks. Possible double counting of momentum is avoided by applying a signal ambiguity resolution procedure which rejects detector inputs that have already been used. Several $p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$ ‘working points’ are defined with varying stringency of selections, the tightest improving the resolution at high pile-up by up to 39% compared to the loosest. The $p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$ performance is evaluated using data and Monte Carlo simulation, with an emphasis on understanding the impact of pile-up, primarily using events consistent with leptonic Z decays. The studies use $140~\text {fb}^{-1}$ of data, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018. The results demonstrate that $p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$ reconstruction, and its associated significance, are well understood and reliably modelled by simulation. Finally, the systematic uncertainties on the soft $p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$ component are calculated. After various improvements the scale and resolution uncertainties are reduced by up to 76% and 51%, respectively, compared to the previous calculation at a lower luminosity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for squarks and gluinos in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and 13.6 TeV in events with $\tau$-leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector

A search for R-parity-conserving supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets and at least one hadronically decaying $\tau$-lepton is presented. Both gluino and squark pair production are considered, with the cascade decay of each gluino or squark producing either a $\tau$-slepton or a $\tau$-sneutrino. Three channels are examined, requiring either exactly one hadronically decaying $\tau$-lepton and no other leptons, exactly one hadronically decaying $\tau$-lepton and at least one other lepton, or two or more hadronically decaying $\tau$-leptons. Analyses in the three channels are optimised independently and combined statistically. Two separate analysis strategies, either a cut-and-count or machine-learning approach, are used. The search uses 140 and 51.8 of pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2015–2018 at TeV and 2022–2023 at TeV, respectively. Gluino masses below 2.25 TeV and squark masses up to 1.7 TeV are excluded

Aad, G. [CNRS/IN2P3] (ORCID:0000000266654934)↗