Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “STARK EFFECT”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Tuning linear response dynamics near the Dirac points in the bosonic Mott insulator

Optical lattice systems offer the possibility of creating and tuning Dirac points which are present in the tight-binding lattice dispersions. For example, such a behavior can be achieved in the staggered flux lattice or honeycomb type of lattices. Here we focus on the strongly correlated bosonic dynamics in the vicinity of Dirac points. In particular, we investigate bosonic Mott insulator phase in which quasiparticle excitations have a simple particle–hole interpretation. We show that linear response dynamics around Dirac points, can be significantly engineered at least in two ways: by the type of external perturbation or by changing the lattice properties. The key role is played by the interband transitions. Moreover, we explain that the behavior of these transitions is directly connected to different energy scales of the effective hopping amplitudes for particles and holes. Presented in this work theoretical study about tunability of linear response dynamics near the Dirac points can be directly simulated in the optical lattice systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optical control of topological memory based on orbital magnetization

Under suitable conditions, some twisted graphene multilayers and transition-metal dichalcogenides become Chern insulators, exhibiting the anomalous quantum Hall effect and orbital magnetization due to spontaneous valley polarization. We study the interaction of a Chern insulator with circularly polarized light. Here, the interaction energy contains an antisymmetric term that couples to the helicity of incident light. For a two-band Chern insulator, this term is expressed as an integral involving the Berry curvature of the system. Taking advantage of this interaction, we propose an experimental protocol for switching topological memory based on orbital magnetization by circularly polarized light. Moreover, two laser beams of opposite circular polarization can nucleate domains of opposite magnetization and thus produce an optically configurable domain wall carrying topologically protected chiral edge modes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Photoelectron–residual-ion interaction in angle-resolved streaked shake-up ionization of helium

Streaked photoelectron emission spectra access the correlated dynamics of photoelectrons and residual target electrons with attosecond temporal resolution. Here, we calculated ab initio single-ionization spectra for photoemission from helium atoms by colinearly polarized ultrashort XUV and assisting few-femtosecond IR pulses. Distinguishing direct and shake-up ionization resulting in ground-state and excited (𝑛 = 2, 3) He + residual ions, respectively, we examined the effects of the correlated photoemission dynamics on the photoelectron phase accumulation as a function of the observable photoelectron detection direction and kinetic energy and XUV–IR pulse delay. We tracked the dynamical evolution of the residual ion in relative streaked photo- emission delays and found dominant contributions for shake-up emission from the residual-ion–photoelectron interaction. These are in very good and fair agreement, respectively, for 𝑛 = 2 and 𝑛 = 3 shake-up photoemission along the pulse-polarization directions, with previous experimental and theoretical investigations [Ossiander et al ., Nat. Phys. 13, 280 (2017)] and reveal a strong photoemission-direction dependence for shake-up ionization due to the coupling between the photoelectron and evolving residual-ion charge distribution in the IR-laser field.

Stark effect↗
DOE OSTI2021

Exploring spin symmetry-breaking effects for static field ionization of atoms: Is there an analog to the Coulson–Fischer point in bond dissociation?

Löwdin's symmetry dilemma is an ubiquitous issue in approximate quantum chemistry. In the context of Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, the use of Slater determinants with some imposed constraints to preserve symmetries of the exact problem may lead to physically unreasonable potential energy surfaces. On the other hand, lifting these constraints leads to the so-called broken symmetry solutions that usually provide better energetics, at the cost of losing information about good quantum numbers that describe the state of the system. This behavior has previously been extensively studied in the context of bond dissociation. Here, this paper studies the behavior of different classes of HF spin polarized solutions (restricted, unrestricted, and generalized) in the context of ionization by strong static electric fields. We find that, for simple two electron systems, unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) is able to provide a qualitatively good description of states involved during the ionization process (neutral, singly ionized, and doubly ionized states), whereas RHF fails to describe the singly ionized state. For more complex systems, even though UHF is able to capture some of the expected characteristics of the ionized states, it is constrained to a single M s (diabatic) manifold in the energy surface as a function of field intensity. In this case, a better qualitative picture can be painted by using generalized Hartree-Fock as it is able to explore different spin manifolds and follow the lowest solution due to lack of collinearity constraints on the spin quantization axis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effects of frequency and pulse width on electron density, hydrogen peroxide generation, and perfluorooctanoic acid mineralization in a nanosecond pulsed discharge gas-liquid plasma reactor

Plasma electron density and temperature were characterized in a continuous flowing gas-liquid film reactor with argon carrier gas by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The plasma parameters were studied as a function of time for varying pulse widths and frequencies. Pulse frequency was varied between 1 and 10 kHz at 16 kV (input voltage) and 40 ns (pulse width) using an Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. (EHT) power supply and 5–100 kHz using an Airity Technologies, LLC (AT) power supply. The pulse width was varied between 40 and 200 ns at 16 kV, 2 kHz with the EHT power supply. Optimal frequencies of 5 and 20 kHz were observed for peak electron density with EHT and AT power supplies, respectively. The peak electron density increased with increasing pulse width between 40 and 200 ns using the EHT power supply. Hydrogen peroxide exiting the reactor in the liquid phase increased with discharge power irrespective of the power supply or pulse parameters. Mineralization of 12.5, 50, and 200 ppm perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dissolved in DI water to fluoride (F - ) correlated to the peak electron density. Glycerol, a liquid-phase hydroxyl radical scavenger, depleted hydrogen peroxide but did not affect PFOA mineralization. CO, a gas-phase hydroxyl radical scavenger, led to a reduction in the formation of F - production, suggesting hydroxyl radicals in the gas-liquid film play a necessary, but not singular, role in mineralization of PFOA.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Charge trapping and de-trapping in isolated CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals under an external electric field: Indirect evidence for a permanent dipole moment

Single nanoparticle studies of charge trapping and de-trapping in core/shell CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals incorporated into an insulating matrix and subjected to an external electric field demonstrate the ability to reversibly modulate the exciton dynamics and photoluminescence blinking while providing indirect evidence for the existence of a permanent ground state dipole moment in such nanocrystals. A model assuming the presence of energetically deep charge traps physically aligned along the direction of the permanent dipole is proposed in order to explain the dynamics of nanocrystal blinking in the presence of a permanent dipole moment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Stark spectroscopy of a probe lithium beam excited with two dye lasers as a technique to study a high-power ion-beam diode

A non-disturbing measurement of electric field distributions is a subject of special interest in plasma physics and high-voltage devices. In this paper we describe a diagnostic technique for remote sensing of electric fields via injection of a probe beam of lithium atoms and cascade excitation of resonance fluorescence with two broadband dye lasers. The fluorescence spectrum was recorded using a monochromator equipped with an optical multi-channel analyser. The magnitude of the local electric field was retrieved from the Stark-shifted components of the 3d-2plithium spectral line. The technique was applied to measurements of the electric field in the applied-B-field high-voltage diode of the 1 TW KALIF ion-beam accelerator.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Sources of CP violation from E{sub 6} inspired heterotic string model

Sources of the weak CP violation from the SU{sub L}(3)x SU{sub R}(3)x SU{sub c}(3) subgroup of the E{sub 6} inspired heterotic string model are discussed. It is shown that the number of the Cabibo-Kobayachi-Maskawa like matrices depends on the spontaneous breakdown of the E{sub 6} gauge symmetry and/or supersymmetry.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Spatial diagnostics of the laser induced lithium fluoride plasma

We present spatial characteristics of the lithium fluoride plasma generated by the fundamental and second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser. The plume emission has been recorded spatially using five spectrometers covering the spectral region from 200 nm to 720 nm. The electron density is measured from the Stark broadened line profile of the line at 610.37 nm, whereas the plasma temperature has been determined using the Boltzmann plot method including all the observed spectral lines of lithium. Both the plasma parameters; electron density and plasma temperature decrease with the increase of the distance from the target surface. The thermal conduction towards the target, the radiative cooling of the plasma, and the conversion of thermal energy into kinetic energy are the main mechanisms responsible for the spatially decrease of the plasma parameters.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Active spectroscopic measurements of the bulk deuterium properties in the DIII-D tokamak (invited)

The neutral-beam induced D{sub {alpha}} emission spectrum contains a wealth of information such as deuterium ion temperature, toroidal rotation, density, beam emission intensity, beam neutral density, and local magnetic field strength magnitude Double-Vertical-Line B Double-Vertical-Line from the Stark-split beam emission spectrum, and fast-ion D{sub {alpha}} emission (FIDA) proportional to the beam-injected fast ion density. A comprehensive spectral fitting routine which accounts for all photoemission processes is employed for the spectral analysis. Interpretation of the measurements to determine physically relevant plasma parameters is assisted by the use of an optimized viewing geometry and forward modeling of the emission spectra using a Monte-Carlo 3D simulation code.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Dynamics of femto- and nanosecond laser ablation plumes investigated using optical emission spectroscopy

We investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of temperature and electron density associated with femto- and nanosecond laser-produced plasmas (LPP) from brass under similar laser fluence conditions. For producing plasmas, brass targets were ablated in vacuum employing pulses either from a Ti:Sapphire ultrafast laser (40 fs, 800 nm) or from a Nd:YAG laser (6 ns, 1064 nm). Optical emission spectroscopy is used to infer the density and temperature of the plasmas. The electron density (n{sub e}) was estimated using Stark broadened profiles of isolated lines while the excitation temperature (T{sub exc}) was estimated using the Boltzmann plot method. At similar fluence levels, continuum and ion emission are dominant in ns LPP at early times (<50 ns) followed by atomic emission, while the fs LPP provided an atomic plume throughout its visible emission lifetime. Though both ns and fs laser-plasmas showed similar temperatures ({approx}1 eV), the fs LPP is found to be significantly denser at shorter distances from the target surface as well as at early phases of its evolution compared to ns LPP. Moreover, the spatial extension of the plume emission in the visible region along the target normal is larger for fs LPP in comparison with ns LPP.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Lyman-α radiation of a probing metastable hydrogen beam to measure electric fields in diluted fluids and plasmas

The interaction between a metastable H(2s) atomic hydrogen beam and an external electric field leads to the emission of the Lyman-α line. It originates in the Stark mixing of the near-degenerate 2s{sub 1/2} and 2p{sub 1/2} levels separated by the Lamb shift. The quenched radiation proportional to the square of the electric field amplitude is recovered in vacuum by using such an atomic probe beam. For larger electric field, saturation is observed and related to the beam finite transit time. We also observe the strong enhancement of the signal when the field is oscillating at the Lamb shift frequency. This technique is applied in a plasma, offering an alternative way to measure weak electric fields by direct and non-intrusive means.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Laser ablated copper plasmas in liquid and gas ambient

The dynamics of copper ablated plasma plumes generated using laser ablation of copper targets in both liquid (de-ionized water) and gas (air) ambients is reported. Using time and space resolved visible emission spectroscopy (450-650 nm), the plasma plumes parameters are investigated. The electron density (n{sub e}) determined using Stark broadening of the Cu I (3d{sup 10}4d{sup 1} {sup 2}D{sub 3/2}-3d{sup 10}4p{sup 1} {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} at 521.8 nm) line is estimated and compared for both plasma plumes. The electron temperature (T{sub e}) was estimated using the relative line emission intensities of the neutral copper transitions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectral analysis of the ablated copper surface indicated abundance of spherical nanoparticles in liquid while those in air are amalgamates of irregular shapes. The nanoparticles suspended in the confining liquid form aggregates and exhibit a surface plasmon resonance at ∼590 nm.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Population dynamics in epitaxial Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films grown on Si(111)

We grow single crystal erbium-oxide (Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}) epitaxially on a Si (111) substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy and investigate the population dynamics in Er{sup 3+} ions for the coherent manipulation of the population in Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Sharp and discrete Stark energy levels of the {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} manifold as small as 200 {mu}eV are observed with inhomogeneous broadening caused by the uniform crystal field of the epitaxial Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}. We also experimentally determine the time constant of the resonant population transfer between spatially distant Er{sup 3+}-ion sites, which is limited to the manipulation time of the population in the Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} crystals. Using selective excitation of the Stark level in the {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} manifold, we obtain the energy transfer times between spatially distant Er{sup 3+} ions, and they are about 2 {mu}s between sites whose crystallographic symmetry is different and 10 {mu}s between sites whose symmetry is the same.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Investigation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the electric field in the Ne-H{sub 2} plasma of a beam-type high-voltage pulsed discharge

In the present work, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the electric field E(x, t) of plasma produced by a beam-type high-voltage pulsed discharge is investigated. The electric field strength E(x, t) in an accelerating gap and in a plasma flare was determined from the measured Stark splitting of the H{sub β} hydrogen line. The obtained dependence E(x, t) was used to calculate the electron distribution function and the spectral line intensities in the accelerating gap and in the plasma flare by the method of statistical modeling. The calculated population of He atomic states excited by electron impact and their comparison with the measured spectral line intensities I(λ, x, t) demonstrate that a reverse electric field retarding the electron motion and leading to electron beam degradation must be present in the plasma flare near the grid. Measurement of the field strength from the Stark splitting of the H{sub β} line demonstrates that it can reach considerable values.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Measurement and modeling of electric field and space-charge distributions in obstructed helium discharge

Axial and radial variations of electric field have been measured in dielectric shielded 0.025 m diameter parallel plate electrode with 0.0065 m gap for 1.6 mA, 2260 V helium dc discharge at 1.75 Torr. The axial and radial electric field profiles have been measured from the Stark splitting of 2{sup 1}S→11 {sup 1}P transition through collision induced fluorescence from 4{sup 3}D→2{sup 3}P. The electric field values showed a strong radial variation peaking to 500 kV/m near the cathode radial boundary, and decreasing to about 100 kV/m near the anode edge, suggesting the formation of an obstructed discharge for this low nd condition, where n is the gas density and d is the gap distance. The off-axis Stark spectra showed that the electric field vector deviates from normal to the cathode surface which permits longer path electron trajectories in the inter-electrode gap. Also, the on-axis electric field gradient was very small and off-axis electric field gradient was large indicating a radially non-uniform current density. In order to obtain information about the space charge distribution in this obstructed discharge, it was modeled using the 2-d axisymmetric Poisson solver with the COMSOL finite element modeling program. The best fit to the measured electric field distribution was obtained with a space charge variation of ρ(r) = ρ{sub 0}(r/r{sub 0}){sup 3}, where ρ(r) is the local space charge density, ρ{sub 0} = 6 × 10{sup −3} Coulomb/m{sup 3}, r is the local radial value, and r{sub 0} is the radius of the electrode.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Determination of ground and excited state dipole moments via electronic Stark spectroscopy: 5-methoxyindole

The dipole moments of the ground and lowest electronically excited singlet state of 5-methoxyindole have been determined by means of optical Stark spectroscopy in a molecular beam. The resulting spectra arise from a superposition of different field configurations, one with the static electric field almost parallel to the polarization of the exciting laser radiation, the other nearly perpendicular. Each field configuration leads to different intensities in the rovibronic spectrum. With an automated evolutionary algorithm approach, the spectra can be fit and the ratio of both field configurations can be determined. A simultaneous fit of two spectra with both field configurations improved the precision of the dipole moment determination by a factor of two. We find a reduction of the absolute dipole moment from 1.59(3) D to 1.14(6) D upon electronic excitation to the lowest electronically excited singlet state. At the same time, the dipole moment orientation rotates by 54{sup ∘} showing the importance of the determination of the dipole moment components. The dipole moment in the electronic ground state can approximately be obtained from a vector addition of the indole and the methoxy group dipole moments. However, in the electronically excited state, vector addition completely fails to describe the observed dipole moment. Several reasons for this behavior are discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗