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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Laser absorption, power transfer, and radiation symmetry during the first shock of inertial confinement fusion gas-filled hohlraum experiments

Temporally resolved measurements of the hohlraum radiation flux asymmetry incident onto a bismuth coated surrogate capsule have been made over the first two nanoseconds of ignition relevant laser pulses. Specifically, we study the P2 asymmetry of the incoming flux as a function of cone fraction, defined as the inner-to-total laser beam power ratio, for a variety of hohlraums with different scales and gas fills. This work was performed to understand the relevance of recent experiments, conducted in new reduced-scale neopentane gas filled hohlraums, to full scale helium filled ignition targets. Experimental measurements, matched by 3D view factor calculations, are used to infer differences in symmetry, relative beam absorption, and cross beam energy transfer (CBET), employing an analytic model. Despite differences in hohlraum dimensions and gas fill, as well as in laser beam pointing and power, we find that laser absorption, CBET, and the cone fraction, at which a symmetric flux is achieved, are similar to within 25% between experiments conducted in the reduced and full scale hohlraums. This work demonstrates a close surrogacy in the dynamics during the first shock between reduced-scale and full scale implosion experiments and is an important step in enabling the increased rate of study for physics associated with inertial confinement fusion.

2-2-DIMETHYLPROPANE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Enhanced hot-electron production and strong-shock generation in hydrogen-rich ablators for shock ignition

Experiments were performed with CH, Be, C, and SiO 2 ablators interacting with high-intensity UV laser radiation (5 × 10 15 W/cm 2 , λ = 351 nm) to determine the optimum material for hot-electron production and strong-shock generation. Significantly more hot electrons are produced in CH (up to ~13% instantaneous conversion efficiency), while the amount is a factor of ~2 to 3 lower in the other ablators. A larger hot-electron fraction is correlated with a higher effective ablation pressure. As a result, the higher conversion efficiency in CH is attributed to stronger damping of ion-acoustic waves because of the presence of light H ions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Shock compression of cemented tungsten carbides to 100 GPa: Structure of shock waves, Hugoniot relations, and strength

Plate impact experiments are conducted on cemented tungsten carbides (WC) with a 3.7 and 6.0 wt. % cobalt binder to better understand their dynamic, high-pressure response to 100 GPa. The measured wave profiles show propagation of steady structured waves. Standard impedance matching procedures are used to determine the Hugoniot relations in the shock velocity–particle velocity (U s –v p ) and Hugoniot stress–specific volume (P–V/V o ) planes. The Hugoniot elastic limit of the samples is controlled by ductility of the Co binder and is determined to be 4.45 ± 0.29 GPa for cemented WC with 3.7 wt. % cobalt and 3.72 ± 0.24 GPa for a 6.0 wt. % cobalt binder. Both grades show a non-linear U s –v p relationship depending on whether the particle velocity is in the strength dominated or hydrodynamic regime. In the strength dominated regime, a non-linear decrease in U s is observed as v p increases from ambient to the material’s hydrodynamic limit. In the hydrodynamic regime, the U s –v p Hugoniot is linear and is determined to be U s = 4.97(±0.006)+1.446(±0.018)v p km/s for WC with 3.7 wt. % Co and U s = 4.93(±0.006)+1.463(±0.017)v p km/s for 6 wt. % Co. Both WC grades indicate shear-stress hardening with mean stress immediately after yield, followed by pressure softening, and then a sharp fall in stress carrying capacity as the mean stress is increased to ≈70 GPa (hydrodynamic limit) and beyond. This behavior is in contrast to pure WC ceramics, which show continued shear-stress hardening with mean stress to ≈80 GPa.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

TIME-DEPENDENT DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION IN SLOW SUPERNOVA REMNANT SHOCKS

Recent gamma-ray observations show that middle-aged supernova remnants (SNRs) interacting with molecular clouds can be sources of both GeV and TeV emission. Models involving reacceleration of preexisting cosmic rays (CRs) in the ambient medium and direct interaction between SNR and molecular clouds have been proposed to explain the observed gamma-ray emission. For the reacceleration process, standard diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) theory in the test particle limit produces a steady-state particle spectrum that is too flat compared to observations, which suggests that the high-energy part of the observed spectrum has not yet reached a steady state. We derive a time-dependent DSA solution in the test particle limit for situations involving reacceleration of preexisting CRs in the preshock medium. Simple estimates with our time-dependent DSA solution plus a molecular cloud interaction model can reproduce the overall shape of the spectra of IC 443 and W44 from GeV to TeV energies through pure π{sup 0}-decay emission. We allow for a power-law momentum dependence of the diffusion coefficient, finding that a power-law index of 0.5 is favored.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Hugoniot and release measurements in diamond shocked up to 26 Mbar [Hugoniot and release measurements in diamond shocked up to 25 Mbar]

The equation of state (EOS) of carbon in its high-pressure solid and liquid phases is of interest to planetary astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion. Of particular interest are the high-pressure shock and release responses of diamond as these provide rigorous constraints on important paths through the EOS. This paper presents experimental Hugoniot and release data for both single-crystal diamond (SCD) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), which is comprised of nanometer-scale diamond grains and is ~5% less dense than SCD. We find that NCD has a stiffer Hugoniot than SCD that can be attributed to porosity. As a result, a Grüneisen parameter of ~1 was derived from the data, which suggests increased coordination in the high-pressure fluid carbon compared to ambient diamond.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Real-Time Examination of Atomistic Mechanisms during Shock-Induced Structural Transformation in Silicon

Experimental determination of atomistic mechanisms linking crystal structures during a compression driven solid-solid phase transformation is a long standing and challenging scientific objective. Also, when using new capabilities at the Dynamic Compression Sector at the Advanced Photon Source, the structure of shocked Si at 19 GPa was identified as simple hexagonal and the lattice orientations between ambient cubic diamond and simple hexagonal structures were related. Furthermore, this approach is general and provides a powerful new method for examining atomistic mechanisms during stress-induced structural changes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1991

Shock strength effects on separated flows in non-equilibrium chemically reacting air - Shock wave/boundary layer interaction

This work is part of a general study to examine the effects of nonequilibrium chemical reactions on hypersonic separated flows. In particular, the work presented is the first attempt to quantitatively predict the effects of impinging shock strength on the separation region in non-equilibrium chemically reacting air over a flat plate. Of special interest is the local heat transfer rate to the plate at the reattachment point. The effects of chemically non-equilibrium on the flow field are assessed by making direct comparisons to the results calculated assuming a calorically perfect flow. Chemical reactions are found to increase heat transfer rates, and this increase becomes significantly larger as Reynolds number increases.

Ballaro, Charles A.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Where are the Shocked Grains in the Hadean Zircon Record? Insights on the Preservation of Shocked Zircon and Their U-Pb Systematics

While the earliest history of many planetary bodies within the inner Solar System is dominated by intense bombardment, this record is missing from Earth due to active tectonics and erosion. Where-as rocks from the earliest history of Earth are absent, mineral relics, such as ancient detrital zircon concentrated in sediments within the Jack Hills, Narryer, Illara and Maynard Hills greenstone belts of the Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia preserve a record of this time.Shock in zircon: During shock deformation, resulting from hyper-velocity impact, zircon can be modified in crystallographically-controlled ways. This includes the development of planar and subplanar low-angle grain boundaries, the formation of mechanical twins, transformation to the high pressure polymorph reidite, development of polycrystalline microtexture, and dissociation to its dioxide constituents SiO2 and ZrO2.

Erickson, T. M.↗