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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2018

Nonreciprocal signal routing in an active quantum network

As superconductor quantum technologies are moving towards large-scale integrated circuits, a robust and flexible approach to routing photons at the quantum level becomes a critical problem. Active circuits, which contain parametrically driven elements selectively embedded in the circuit, offer a viable solution. In this work, we present a general strategy for routing nonreciprocally quantum signals between two sites of a given lattice of oscillators, implementable with existing superconducting circuit components. Our approach makes use of a dual lattice of overdamped oscillators linking the nodes of the main lattice. Solutions for spatially selective driving of the lattice elements can be found, which optimally balance coherent and dissipative hopping of microwave photons to nonreciprocally route signals between two given nodes. In certain lattices these optimal solutions are obtained at the exceptional point of the dynamical matrix of the network. We also demonstrate that signal and noise transmission characteristics can be separately optimized.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2018

Transmission Route Engineering Analysis And Design

INL’s Transmission Route Engineering Analysis and Design [tool] (TREAD) is a tool meant for the design and routing of new transmission lines. TREAD is capable of taking an arbitrarily large amount of surface layers represented as geographical files and then using a modified version of Dijkstra’s Algorithm for finding the best path. TREAD is also capable of interacting with different weather models in order to gather weather data about the locations that are being routed to. This weather data is then used in conjunction with INL’s General Line Ampacity State Solver.

Lehmer, JacobP.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Commercial Routing Assistance

The Commercial Routing Assistance (CRA) tool merges coordinated and vetted data streams, plots multiple automated or custom routing options, and visualizes the wide variety of state regulations and actions that a driver would encounter along a route. With CRA, commercial operators can plan vehicle movements across multiple states quickly, particularly during emergencies.

Klett, TimothyR.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Proactive routing mutation against stealthy Distributed Denial of Service attacks: metrics, modeling, and analysis

The Infrastructure Distributed Denial of Service (IDDoS) attacks continue to be one of the most devastating challenges facing cyber systems. The new generation of IDDoS attacks exploit the inherent weakness of cyber infrastructure including deterministic nature of routes, skew distribution of flows, and Internet ossification to discover the network critical links and launch highly stealthy flooding attacks that are not observable at the victim end. In this paper, first, we propose a new metric to quantitatively measure the potential susceptibility of any arbitrary target server or domain to stealthy IDDoS attacks, and es- timate the impact of such susceptibility on enterprises. Second, we develop a proactive route mutation technique to minimize the susceptibility to these attacks by dynamically changing the flow paths periodically to invalidate the adversary knowledge about the network and avoid targeted critical links. Our proposed approach actively changes these network paths while satisfying security and qualify of service requirements. We present an integrated approach of proactive route mutation that combines both infrastructure-based mutation that is based on reconfiguration of switches and routers, and middle-box approach that uses an overlay of end-point proxies to construct a virtual network path free of critical links to reach a destination. We implemented the proactive path mutation technique on a Software Defined Network using the OpendDaylight controller to demonstrate a feasible deployment of this approach. Our evaluation validates the correctness, effectiveness, and scalability of the proposed approaches.

ARC↗

DOE OSTI2026

2011-2012 Maryland Route 200 Travel Survey

The 2011-2012 Maryland Route 200 Travel Survey collected in-vehicle global positioning system (GPS) data to investigate the use of Maryland Route 200, also known as the Intercounty Connector. The University of Maryland conducted the survey between October 2011 and February 2012 in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. Its goal was to increase understanding of the potential use of Maryland Route 200, a tolled freeway connecting Maryland's Montgomery County and Prince George's County. Dedicated in-vehicle GPS devices were installed in 260 vehicles to record location information every 60 seconds if movement was detected. Survey subjects partook in an initial participation form as well as a recall survey, providing social demographic information and a one-day travel diary.

1Hz data↗

DOE OSTI2024

Smart CO2 Transport-Route Planning Tool

NETL has developed the Smart CO2 Transport-Route Planning Tool to help inform energy transport planning and development. The stand-alone, open-source tool applies data-driven, geospatial and machine-learning informed logic to identify potential routes or evaluate existing corridors based on current legislation, best construction practices, and more. Underpinning the interactive tool, is NETL’s CO2 Transport Planning Database (https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/ccs-pipeline-route-planning-database-v1). This geospatial resource contains more than 70 gigabytes of data representing more than 60 critical factors for the spatial routing of CO2 transport, including land use requirements, existing infrastructure, high consequence areas, and natural hazards.

Bipartisan Infrastructure Law↗

DOE OSTI2022

Route Views Project (CRADA Final Report)

The Route Views Project (“Project”) was founded by the Advanced Network Technology Center at the University of Oregon to allow internet users to view global Border Gateway Protocol routing information from the perspective of the other locations around the Internet. It is a significant tool used in global research and education networks. It is an open source tool, maintained by the core Route Views team and serves as an aid for ESnet and other scientific and education network peers to operate these networks in an effective and efficient manner.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2014

Synthetic Routes to Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Intermediates and Downstream Isoprenoids

Isoprenoids constitute the largest class of natural products with greater than 55,000 identified members. They play essential roles in maintaining proper cellular function leading to maintenance of human health, plant defense mechanisms against predators, and are often exploited for their beneficial properties in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Most impressively, all known isoprenoids are derived from one of two C5-precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In order to study the enzyme transformations leading to the extensive structural diversity found within this class of compounds there must be access to the substrates. Sometimes, intermediates within a biological pathway can be isolated and used directly to study enzyme/pathway function. However, the primary route to most of the isoprenoid intermediates is through chemical catalysis. As such, this review provides the first exhaustive examination of synthetic routes to isoprenoid and isoprenoid precursors with particular emphasis on the syntheses of intermediates found as part of the 2C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In addition, representative syntheses are presented for the monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), triterpenes (C30) and tetraterpenes (C40). Finally, in some instances, the synthetic routes to substrate analogs found both within the MEP pathway and downstream isoprenoids are examined.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2021

Microwave Synthetic Routes for Shape-Controlled Catalyst Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites

The use of microwave irradiation for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has recently become a widespread area of research that continues to expand in scope and specialization. The growing demand for nanoscale materials with composition and morphology tailored to specific applications requires the development of facile, repeatable, and scalable synthetic routes that offer a high degree of control over the reaction environment. Microwave irradiation provides unique advantages for developing such routes through its direct interaction with active reaction species, which promotes homogeneous heat distribution, increased reaction rates, greater product quality and yield, and use of mild reaction conditions. Many catalytic nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles and intricate nanocomposites have very limited synthetic routes due to their extreme temperature sensitivity and difficulty achieving homogeneous growth. This work presents recent advances in the use of MW irradiation methods to produce high-quality nanoscale composites with controlled size, morphology, and architecture.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

Comparison of Routes of Administration, Frequency, and Duration of Favipiravir Treatment in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Ebola Virus Disease

Favipiravir is a ribonucleoside analogue that has been explored as a therapeutic for the treatment of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). Promising data from rodent models has informed nonhuman primate trials, as well as evaluation in patients during the 2013–2016 West African EVD outbreak of favipiravir treatment. However, mixed results from these studies hindered regulatory approval of favipiravir for the indication of EVD. This study examined the influence of route of administration, duration of treatment, and treatment schedule of favipiravir in immune competent mouse and guinea pig models using rodent-adapted Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). A dose of 300 mg/kg/day of favipiravir with an 8-day treatment was found to be fully effective at preventing lethal EVD-like disease in BALB/c mice regardless of route of administration (oral, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous) or whether it was provided as a once-daily dose or a twice-daily split dose. Preclinical data generated in guinea pigs demonstrates that an 8-day treatment of 300 mg/kg/day of favipiravir reduces mortality following EBOV challenge regardless of route of treatment or duration of treatments for 8, 11, or 15 days. This work supports the future translational development of favipiravir as an EVD therapeutic.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Route-Optimized Energy Management of Connected and Automated Multi-Mode Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Dynamic Programming

This paper presents a methodology to optimize the blending of charge-depleting (CD) and charge-sustaining (CS) modes in a multi-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) that reduces overall energy consumption when the selected route cannot be completely driven in all-electric mode. The PHEV used in this investigation is the second-generation Chevrolet Volt and as many as four instrumented vehicles were utilized simultaneously on road to acquire validation data. The optimization method used is dynamic programming (DP) paired with a reduced-order powertrain model to enable onboard embedded controller compatibility and computational efficiency in optimally blending CD, CS modes over the entire drive route. The objective of the optimizer is to enable future Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) to best utilize onboard energy for minimum overall energy consumption based on speed and elevation profile information from Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Internet of Things (IoT), High-definition Mapping, and onboard sensing technologies. Emphasis is placed on runtime minimization to quickly react and plan an optimal mode scheme in highly dynamic road conditions with minimal computational resources. On-road performance of the optimizer paired with automated CD and CS mode selection is evaluated on a fleet of four instrumented Chevrolet Volts in a variety of driving scenarios. Here, the results indicate variable energy savings depending on the drive route and initial battery SOC with potential ranging between 2 to 12% and less than 7 seconds initial optimization for a 24-mile drive cycle.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2025

reVRt (reV Routing) [SWR-25-112]

The reV Routing (reVRt) tool is a computational framework for modeling and optimizing transmission infrastructure requirements for electrical grid connections. By employing a spatially-aware least-cost-path methodology, it allows users to incorporate a wide range of factors including siting constraints, regional component costs, land composition costs, point-of-interconnection costs, and network upgrade costs. Additionally, the tool enables advanced follow-on analyses, such as land characterization for potential transmission line routes, to support informed decision-making. Although it's designed to integrate seamlessly with the reV model, the reV Routing tool is versatile and can also be utilized independently for standalone analyses in transmission planning and resource assessment scenarios.

Pinchuk, Pavlo (Paul) [National Renewable Energy L↗

NASA NTRS1972

Terminal-area flight procedures and route design for supersonic transport New York-transatlantic operations

The results of an analytical investigation of two departure and arrival transition procedures between John F. Kennedy International Airport and projected North Atlantic track systems for supersonic transport (SST) operations are presented. The procedures studied were: (1) separated departure and arrival transition routes with departures made at supersonic speeds, and (2) superimposed departure and arrival routes with departures restricted to subsonic speed until the airplane is on the track system. For both procedures, transition routes with intercept angles of 30 deg to 90 deg to both six-and four-track systems were investigated. Track spacings of 30 and 60 nautical miles were studied.

Sawyer, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1973

En route position and time control of aircraft using Kalman filtering of radio aid data

Fixed-time-of-arrival (FTA) guidance and navigation is investigated as a possible technique capable of operation within much more stringent en route separation standards and offering significant advantages in safety, higher traffic densities, and improved scheduling reliability, both en route and in the terminal areas. This study investigated the application of FTA guidance previously used in spacecraft guidance. These FTA guidance techniques have been modified and are employed to compute the velocity corrections necessary to return an aircraft to a specified great-circle reference path in order to exercise en route time and position control throughout the entire flight. The necessary position and velocity estimates to accomplish this task are provided by Kalman filtering of data from Loran-C, VORTAC/TACAN, Doppler radar, radio or barometric altitude,and altitude rate. The guidance and navigation system was evaluated using a digital simulation of the cruise phase of supersonic and subsonic flights between San Francisco and New York City, and between New York City and London.

Mcgee, L. A.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Advances in optimal routing through computer networks

The optimal routing problem is defined. Progress in solving the problem during the previous decade is reviewed, with special emphasis on technical developments made during the last few years. The relationships between the routing, the throughput, and the switching technology used are discussed and their future trends are reviewed. Economic aspects are also briefly considered. Modern technical approaches for handling the routing problems and, more generally, the flow control problems are reviewed.

Paz, I. M.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A study of various synthetic routes to produce a halogen-labeled traction fluid

Several synthetic routes were studied for the synthesis of the compound 1, 1, 3-trimethyl-1, 3-dicyclohexyl-2 chloropropane. This halogen-labeled fluid would be of use in the study of high traction lubricants under elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions using infrared emission spectroscopy. The synthetic routes included: dimerization of alpha-methylstyrene, methanol addition to alpha-methylstyrene, a Wittig reaction, and an organometallic approach. Because of steric hindrance and competing reactions, none of these routes were successful.

Jones, W. R., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Experiences with serial and parallel algorithms for channel routing using simulated annealing

Two algorithms for channel routing using simulated annealing are presented. Simulated annealing is an optimization methodology which allows the solution process to back up out of local minima that may be encountered by inappropriate selections. By properly controlling the annealing process, it is very likely that the optimal solution to an NP-complete problem such as channel routing may be found. The algorithm presented proposes very relaxed restrictions on the types of allowable transformations, including overlapping nets. By freeing that restriction and controlling overlap situations with an appropriate cost function, the algorithm becomes very flexible and can be applied to many extensions of channel routing. The selection of the transformation utilizes a number of heuristics, still retaining the pseudorandom nature of simulated annealing. The algorithm was implemented as a serial program for a workstation, and a parallel program designed for a hypercube computer. The details of the serial implementation are presented, including many of the heuristics used and some of the resulting solutions.

Brouwer, Randall Jay↗

NASA NTRS1990

Social survey findings on en route noise annoyance issues

Most surveys of residents' reactions to aircraft noise were conducted in the vicinity of airports. The findings in those surveys have supported planning and regulatory actions for the airport noise environment. Now, however, aircraft noise planning and regulations are being considered for a new environment, the en route environment. As policy makers search for bases for public policy in these new noise environments, it is appropriate to ask whether the same scientific evidence which supports airport noise policy can also support en route noise policy. Several aspects of that question are considered. An introduction establishes the scope of the present study and examines alternative study methodologies. Next, the selected study methodology is described and important assumptions are listed. The body of the paper then consists of the findings on en route issues. The final section presents findings on relevant research methods and considers priorities for further research.

Fields, James M.↗