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At least 307 records · Page 17

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NASA NTRS2011

Evaluation of Lightning Induced Effects in a Graphite Composite Fairing Structure

Defining the electromagnetic environment inside a graphite composite fairing due to lightning is of interest to spacecraft developers. This paper is the first in a two part series and studies the shielding effectiveness of a graphite composite model fairing using derived equivalent properties. A frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM) model is developed and comparisons are made with shielding test results obtained using a vehicle-like composite fairing. The comparison results show that the analytical models can adequately predict the test results. Both measured and model data indicate that graphite composite fairings provide significant attenuation to magnetic fields as frequency increases. Diffusion effects are also discussed. Part 2 examines the time domain based effects through the development of a loop based induced field testing and a Transmission-Line-Matrix (TLM) model is developed in the time domain to study how the composite fairing affects lightning induced magnetic fields. Comparisons are made with shielding test results obtained using a vehicle-like composite fairing in the time domain. The comparison results show that the analytical models can adequately predict the test and industry results.

Trout, Dawn H.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Elastic-plastic finite element analyses of an unidirectional, 9 vol percent tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composite

Micromechanical modeling via elastic-plastic finite element analyses were performed to investigate the effects that the residual stresses and the degree of matrix work hardening (i.e., cold-worked, annealed) have upon the behavior of a 9 vol percent, unidirectional W/Cu composite, undergoing tensile loading. The inclusion of the residual stress-containing state as well as the simulated matrix material conditions proved to be significant since the Cu matrix material exhibited plastic deformation, which affected the subsequent tensile response of the composite system. The stresses generated during cooldown to room temperature from the manufacturing temperature were more of a factor on the annealed-matrix composite, since they induced the softened matrix to plastically flow. This event limited the total load-carrying capacity of this matrix-dominated, ductile-ductile type material system. Plastic deformation of the hardened-matrix composite during the thermal cooldown stage was not considerable, therefore, the composite was able to sustain a higher stress before showing any appreciable matrix plasticity. The predicted room temperature, stress-strain response, and deformation stages under both material conditions represented upper and lower bounds characteristic of the composite's tensile behavior. The initial deformation stage for the hardened material condition showed negligible matrix plastic deformation while for the annealed state, its initial deformation stage showed extensive matrix plasticity. Both material conditions exhibited a final deformation stage where the fiber and matrix were straining plastically. The predicted stress-strain results were compared to the experimental, room temperature, tensile stress-strain curve generated from this particular composite system. The analyses indicated that the actual thermal-mechanical state of the composite's Cu matrix, represented by the experimental data, followed the annealed material condition.

Sanfeliz, Jose G.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Dispersive and nondispersive 𝐾-matrix formalisms

The modeling of coupled-channel effects has become increasingly important due to the availability of highly precise data for a large variety of hadronic (re)scattering processes. The 𝐾-matrix is a powerful, yet comparatively simple, method to describe scattering amplitudes, including coupled-channel effects, with the aim of interpreting experimental data. Throughout the literature, a range of dispersive and nondispersive 𝐾-matrix methods are employed. Here, we compare the dispersive and nondispersive formulations in the context of the N/D method. It is shown that the methods are equivalent in the physical region under 𝐾-matrix reparametrization. Differences away from the physical region are examined. Applications to synthetic data are used to illustrate the effects of model choices concerning form factors and the application of dispersion relations, with the goal of clarifying best practices. We find no clear preference with regard to dispersive modeling. In contrast, we find that interpretational ambiguity of the bare model parameters—and even of the form of the bare model—is endemic, and recommend a thorough sampling of data and model spaces to assess conclusion robustness.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Disordered hydrogen adsorption at the three-fold site of W(110)

Hydrogen often forms disordered phases on metals; however, deciphering the atomic-scale behavior requires experimental and modeling techniques that directly probe the short-range order between neighboring hydrogen adsorbates. Here, to address this challenge, we applied direct recoil spectroscopy (DRS) to investigate hydrogen adsorption on the W(110) surface. We show that the recoiled hydrogen flux measured during DRS is sensitive to the short range order of the adsorbed hydrogen. Ordered hydrogen neighbors are much more efficient at dechanneling incident ions along low-index surface channels, strongly suppressing the recoiled hydrogen flux along these directions. By modeling the DRS measurements with molecular dynamics for ordered and disordered hydrogen phases, we find that at a hydrogen surface coverage of approximately Θ = 0.6, the hydrogen adsorbates are bound to three-fold sites in a disordered phase at room temperature. This finding is consistent with transfer-matrix scaling model calculations that suggest the transition to an ordered hydrogen phase occurs at a greater surface coverage of Θ = 0.83.

08 HYDROGEN↗

NASA NTRS1990

Evaluation of several micromechanics models for discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites

A systematic experimental evaluation of whisker and particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites was conducted to assess the variation in tensile properties with reinforcement type, volume fraction, and specimen thickness. Each material was evaluated in three thicknesses, 1.8, 3.18, and 6.35 mm, to determine the size, distribution, and orientation of the reinforcements. This information was used to evaluate several micromechanical models that predict composite moduli. The longitudinal and transverse moduli were predicted for reinforced aluminum. The Paul model, the Cox model and the Halpin-Tsai model were evaluated. The Paul model gave a good upper bound prediction for the particulate reinforced composites but under predicted whisker reinforced composite moduli. The Cox model gave good moduli predictions for the whisker reinforcement, but was too low for the particulate. The Halpin-Tsai model gave good results for both whisker and particulate reinforced composites. An approach using a trigonometric projection of whisker length to predict the fiber contribution to the modulus in the longitudinal and transverse directions was compared to the more conventional lamination theory approach.

Johnson, W. Steven↗

NASA NTRS1991

Comparison of some micromechanics models for discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites

Johnson, W. S.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Modeling graphene sheet growth and dynamical matrix calculations using molecular dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) has been an incredibly useful tool to model physical processes that were synthesized experimentally but not fully understood. MD, through the use of semi-empirical inter-atomic potentials, has allowed understanding of different physical processes in materials science. Yet as well as providing useful insights into materials science, molecular dynamics has a wider range of usability. In this report, I will be detailing how MD can be used to study graphene formation from a carbon liquid which requires high temperatures and pressures. Beyond this, I will describe the usefulness of MD for understanding the physics for phonon transport quantum sensors. To do this, MD was employed to determine the dynamical matrix by treating atoms as coupled oscillators. An accurate understanding of the dynamical matrix of a system is required to calculate the non-equilibrium Green’s function used to describe the phonon transport within phonon wave-guides. I found that, across multiple pressures and temperatures, randomly placed carbon atoms will show evidence of pent-first formation with semi-empirical models. Density functional theory (DFT), on the other hand, was too computationally expensive to use for full scale MD simulations, but we have the possibility of training a machine learned interatomic potential to approximate DFT for carbon in the environments being studied for pent-first graphene sheet formation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2026

Fast and accurate calculation of EXAFS Debye-Waller factors in U⁢O2 using the dynamical matrix method

Theoretical modeling of bonding dynamics in metal oxides is required for predicting their thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and mechanical properties. A primary challenge is the scarcity of experimental methods for validating theoretical predictions of these atomic-scale dynamics. This work presents a workflow that uses experimental extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data collected at high temperatures to validate an interatomic force field for uranium dioxide (UO2), an important model material. The validated force field is then used to drive computationally intensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and as input for the much faster dynamical matrix Debye-Waller (DMDW) method. The predicted values of the Debye-Waller factors from the DMDW calculations are in good agreement with those obtained from the MD simulations, with residual pair-specific differences attributable to quantum zero-point motion at low temperatures and lattice anharmonicity at high temperatures. We further show that theoretical EXAFS spectra constructed directly from DMDW-derived Debye-Waller factors reproduce the experimental data (at relatively low temperatures) with accuracy comparable to full MD-EXAFS, providing an additional validation of the choice of the potential. This study establishes a validated, rapid computational pathway for modeling bond dynamics, naturally incorporating quantum nuclear\\\\r\\\\nstatistics absent in classical simulations, which are essential for the mechanistic understanding of complex oxide materials.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Linear growth of circuit complexity from Brownian dynamics

How rapidly can a many-body quantum system generate randomness? Using path integral methods, we demonstrate that Brownian quantum systems have circuit complexity that grows linearly with time. In particular, we study Brownian clusters of N spins or fermions with time-dependent all-to-all interactions, and calculate the Frame Potential to characterize complexity growth in these models. In both cases the problem can be mapped to an effective statistical mechanics problem which we study using path integral methods. Within this framework it is straightforward to show that the kth Frame Potential comes within ϵ of the Haar value after a time of order t ~ kN + k log k + log ϵ –1 . Using a bound on the diamond norm, this implies that such circuits are capable of coming very close to a unitary k-design after a time of order t ~ kN. We also consider the same question for systems with a time-independent Hamiltonian and argue that a small amount of time-dependent randomness is sufficient to generate a k-design in linear time provided the underlying Hamiltonian is quantum chaotic. These models provide explicit examples of linear complexity growth that are analytically tractable and are directly applicable to practical applications calling for unitary k-designs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1988

A cumulative damage model for continuous fiber composite laminates with matrix cracking and interply delaminations

The present cumulative damage model for the prediction of stiffness loss in graphite/epoxy laminates applies a thermomechanical constitutive theory for elastic composites with distributed damage. The model proceeds from a continuum mechanics and thermodynamics approach in which the distributed damage is characterized by a set of second-order tensor-valued internal state variables. A set of damage-dependent laminated plate equations is obtained; this is developed by modifying classical Kirchhoff plate theory.

Allen, David H.↗

DOE OSTI2025

A Noniterative Method of Estimating Parameter Values for the PVsyst Version 6 Single-Diode Model From IEC 61853-1 Matrix Measurements

Not Available

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Failure of the large-N expansion in a bosonic tensor model

We study the tensor model generalization of the quantum p-spherical model in the large-N limit. While the tensor model has the same large-N expansion as the disordered quantum p-spherical model, its ground state is superextensive, in contradiction with large-N perturbation theory. Therefore, the large-N expansion of this model catastrophically fails at arbitrarily large-N, without any obvious signal in perturbation theory.

1/N Expansion↗

DOE OSTI2024

Complex eigenvalue instantons and the Fredholm determinant expansion in the Gross-Witten-Wadia model

We study the leading nonperturbative corrections to the strong-coupling (ungapped) phase of the Gross-Witten-Wadia (GWW) integral over unitary matrices, to one-loop order. We compute these corrections directly in terms of eigenvalue tunneling in a holomorphic presentation of the integral over eigenvalues. The leading nonperturbative contribution to the partition function comes from a pair of complex eigenvalue instantons. We show that these are in fact “ghost instantons”, which are extrema of the one-eigenvalue effective potential on the “unphysical sheet” of the spectral curve and have been discussed in detail recently by Mariño, Schiappa, and Schwick. Further, we discuss the relationship of these instantons to the Fredholm determinant expansion of the unitary matrix integral, which has recently become an object of interest in the computations of BPS indices of supersymmetric gauge theories and black holes. We find that, after taking the ’t Hooft limit, the first correction given by the Fredholm determinant expansion of the GWW integral agrees precisely with the leading nonperturbative correction, to one-loop order.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Open-closed 3d gravity as a random ensemble

We investigate an ensemble of boundary CFTs within the framework of a tensor model recently constructed to model 3d quantum gravity. The incorporation of CFT borders introduces new elements to the gravity theory. In particular, it leads to an open-closed extension of Virasoro TQFT, which in the classical limit gives rise to 3d gravity with tensionful end-of-the-world branes. It also provides predictions for off-shell manifolds with bordered asymptotic boundaries, such as the annulus wormhole. As an application, we construct a purely open variant of the tensor model to study a purely open bootstrap problem in the context of CFT triangulation. We also briefly discuss the extension to non-orientable CFTs.

AdS-CFT correspondence↗

NASA NTRS1992

A macro-micromechanics analysis of a notched metal matrix composite

Macro- and micromechanics analysis were conducted to determine the matrix and fiber behaviors near the notch in a center-notched metal-matrix composite. In this approach, the macrolevel analysis models the entire notched specimen using a 3D finite element program that uses the vanishing-fiber-diameter model to simulate the elastic-plastic behavior of the matrix and the elastic behavior of the fiber. The microlevel behavior is analyzed using a discrete fiber-matrix model containing one fiber and the surrounding matrix. The viability of this analysis is demonstrated using results for a boron/aluminum monolayer.

Bigelow, Catherine A.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of double-parton scattering in inclusive production of four jets with low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A measurement of inclusive four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The transverse momenta of jets within |η| < 4.7 are required to exceed 35, 30, 25, and 20 GeV for the first-, second-, third-, and fourth-leading jet, respectively. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and several other observables that describe the angular correlations between the jets. The measured distributions show sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying event, parton shower modeling, and matrix element calculations. In particular, the interplay between angular correlations caused by parton shower and double-parton scattering contributions is shown to be important. The double-parton scattering contribution is extracted by means of a template fit to the data, using distributions for single-parton scattering obtained from Monte Carlo event generators and a double-parton scattering distribution constructed from inclusive single-jet events in data. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is calculated and discussed in view of previous measurements and of its dependence on the models used to describe the single- parton scattering background.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Observable measurement-induced transitions

One of the main postulates of quantum mechanics is that measurements destroy quantum coherence (wave function collapse). Recently it was discovered that in a many-body system dilute local measurements still preserve some coherence across the entire system. As the measurement density is increased, a phase transition occurs that is characterized by the disentanglement of different parts of the system. Unfortunately, this transition is impossible to observe experimentally for macroscopic systems because it requires an exponentially costly full tomography of the many-body wave function or a comparison with the simulation on an oracle classical computer. In this work we report the discovery of another measurement-induced phase transition that can be observed experimentally if quantum dynamics can be reversed. On one side of this phase transition the quantum information encoded in some part of the Hilbert space is fully recovered after the time inversion. On the other side, all quantum information is corrupted. This transition also manifests itself as the change in the behavior of the probability to observe the same measurement outcome in the process that consists of identical blocks repeated many times. In each block the unitary evolution is followed by the measurement. On one side of the transition the probability decreases exponentially with the number of repetitions, on the other it tends to a constant as the number of repetitions is increased. We confirm the existence of the proposed phase transition through numerical simulations of realistic quantum circuits and analytical calculations using an effective random-matrix theory model.

Measurement-induced phase transitions↗

DOE OSTI2024

Coherent spin states and emergent de Sitter quasinormal modes

As a toy model for the microscopic description of matter in de Sitter space, we consider a Hamiltonian acting on the spin-j representation of SU(2). This is a model with a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, from which quasinormal modes emerge in the large-spin limit. The path integral over coherent spin states can be evaluated at the semiclassical level and from it we find the single-particle de Sitter density of states, including 1/j corrections. Along the way, we discuss the use of quasinormal modes in quantum mechanics, starting from the paradigmatic upside-down harmonic oscillator.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗