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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

The increase in animal mortality risk following exposure to sparsely ionizing radiation is not linear quadratic with dose

The US government regulates allowable radiation exposures relying, in large part, on the seventh report from the committee to estimate the Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII), which estimated that most contemporary exposures- protracted or low-dose, carry 1.5 fold less risk of carcinogenesis and mortality per Gy than acute exposures of atomic bomb survivors. This correction is known as the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor for the life span study of atomic bomb survivors (DDREF LSS ). As a result, it was calculated by applying a linear-quadratic dose response model to data from Japanese atomic bomb survivors and a limited number of animal studies.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2018

A novel risk classification system for 30-day mortality in children undergoing surgery

A simple, objective and accurate way of grouping children undergoing surgery into clinically relevant risk groups is needed. The purpose of this study, is to develop and validate a preoperative risk classification system for postsurgical 30-day mortality for children undergoing a wide variety of operations. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric participant use file data for calendar years 2012–2014 was analyzed to determine preoperative variables most associated with death within 30 days of operation (D30). Risk groups were created using classification tree analysis based on these preoperative variables. The resulting risk groups were validated using 2015 data, and applied to neonates and higher risk CPT codes to determine validity in high-risk subpopulations. A five-level risk classification was found to be most accurate. The preoperative need for ventilation, oxygen support, inotropic support, sepsis, the need for emergent surgery and a do not resuscitate order defined non-overlapping groups with observed rates of D30 that vary from 0.075% (Very Low Risk) to 38.6% (Very High Risk). When CPT codes where death was never observed are eliminated or when the system is applied to neonates, the groupings remained predictive of death in an ordinal manner.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Growth, mortality, wood density, biomass data from BIONTE inventories in Manaus, Brazil

BIONTE (BIOmass and NuTrient Experiment) is a selective logging experiment established at the Experimental Station of Tropical Forestry (EEST, aka “ZF2”) field research station in the mid 1980s in the central Amazon (Higuchi et al. 1997, Amaral et al. 2019). Led by the National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA) in Brazil, the project aimed at assessing the effects of logging intensity on forest dynamics and enabling the creation of a model of forest management for the Central Amazon. The experiment included three levels of increasing selective logging intensity and controls, with 1 hectare sample plots (12 total) located at the center of 4 hectare treatment plots. The site’s Köppen classification is tropical rainforest (Af), characterized by high temperatures and humidity, with mean annual temperatures around 27 ℃ and mean annual precipitation around 2200 mm of rain. The vegetation has a high floristic diversity, the soils of the region are poor in nutrients, and the topography is characterized by plateaus (where BIONTE is located), and also valley bottoms and slopes. The inventory (growth and mortality) and biomass data included here covers the 1990 to 2019 period, with wood density being averaged from existing datasets. This dataset includes a data file in .csv file format and a .txt file, BIONTE_mortality-rates_headers.txt, that provides descriptions for the data file headers.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Canopy tree mortality and crown exposure data from the Amacayacu Forest Dynamics Plot, Northwestern Amazon

Data on the mortality of 984 canopy trees, their crown exposure to light (relative to total crown area), growth deviations (relative to conspecifics), tree size, and species’ wood density collected between 2013 and 2019 in 18 ha of the Amacayacu Forest Dynamics Plot, Northwestern Amazon. This dataset contains a single CSV data file. Variable definitions: 1. Species: [character] species identification 2. Family: [character] family of the species 3. tag: [character] unique consecutive for the tree 4. status: [character] status of the tree in the third census (ALIVE or DEAD) 5. wsg: [numeric]: species’ wood density (g cm-3) 6. growth_r1: [numeric]: annual growth rate of the tree between the first and second census (cm y-1) 7. growth_r2: [numeric]: annual growth rate of the tree between the second and third census (cm y-1) 8. gt1: [numeric] modulus transformed growth rate with a lambda of 0.4 for the annual growth rate of the tree between the first and second census (cm y-1) 9. gt2: [numeric]: modulus transformed growth rate with a lambda of 0.4 for the annual growth rate of the tree between the second and third census (cm y-1) 10. rgr1: [numeric] relative growth rate between the first and second census (cm y-1) 11. rgr2: [numeric] relative growth rate between the second and third census (cm y-1) 12. sa_gt: [numeric] species-adjusted modulus transformed growth rate 13. sa_rgr: [numeric] species-adjusted relative growth rate 14. gr_n: [numeric] number of individuals of the species used to calculate the mean and species modulus transformed growth rate 15. dbh_flight: [numeric] diameter at breast height (1.3 m) estimated at the time of the drone flight (cm) 16. eca: [numeric] exposed crown area calculated as the area of the crown polygon delineated in the orthomosaic (m2) 17. total_ca: [numeric] total crown area estimated from a crown area model (m2) 18. rcel: [numeric] relative crown exposure to light (m2) 19. time_flight_census3: [numeric] time in years from the drone flight date to the third census for that tree (yr)

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Testing a novel peptide drug towards a goal of reducing mortality in critically ill COVID19 patients

COVID 19 has been devastating the globe over the past year, and although our knowledge of how the disease progresses is constantly evolving, there is a significant amount we now about the mechanisms underlying COVID19. There is growing evidence that a 'cytokine storm' is a significant driver of mortality associated with COVID19, with studies showing high levels of hallmark inflammatory indicators in critically ill COVID19 patients. This essentially consists of the patient's immune system going awry and causing white blood cells to constantly release a large number of small molecules called cytokines. The result of this is further activation of the immune system, which ends up attacking not only infected but also healthy patient tissues, resulting in organ failure.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mechanistic and predictive understanding of needle litter decay in semi-arid mountain ecosystems experiencing unprecedented vegetation mortality. Final report

This research compared needle litter decay rates and underlying mechanisms between litter released from insect-killed trees to that of naturally senesced litter from healthy trees across climate variables with elevation and snowmelt rates as variables. Our research was designed to address questions of whether there is a significant impact to C and N cycling at the terrestrial-atmospheric interface in association with pine needle decomposition and the role of changes in soil moisture and temperature as a function of these processes. Field activities were primarily conducted within the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory’s (RMBL) East River watershed across a spectrum of ecoregions that spanned approximately 700 vertical meters. Forested catchments at these elevations in southwestern Colorado are threatened by heat-induced drought, altered snowmelt patterns, and invasive insect infestation that have all been associated with climate change. Needle litter from two members of the Pinaceae family experiencing large-scale insect infestations (spruce and lodgepole pine) were collected, redeployed and then sampled over the course of three years. We experimentally tested three tractable parameters that are known to impact litter decay and biogeochemical cycling and are relevant to bark beetle-induced tree mortality: (1) moisture content, (2) temperature by using elevation as a surrogate, and (3) changes to litter compositional chemistry that result from beetle infestation. We examined decay processes and monitored the migration of soluble and gaseous nitrogen and carbon species as well as microbiological signatures of decay such as biodegradable fractions, metal availability and the temporal succession of associated microorganisms at the terrestrial interface.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Passive Ultrasonic Deterrents to Reduce Bat Mortality in Wind Farms (Final Report)

The overall objective of this project was to develop active and passive ultrasonic deterrent concepts to mitigate bat mortality at wind turbines. The research was supported by the US Department of Energy under the contract DE-EE0008731. Novel ultrasonic bat deterrents are investigated in this study. The deterrents are based on the idea of aerodynamic whistles wherein flow-acoustic resonance is used to produce high-amplitude tonal sound at desired ultrasonic frequencies. The deterrents can be grouped into active and passive. The active deterrents/whistles are driven by pressurized air supplied by an external source (e.g., an air compressor). The passive deterrents/whistles are designed to be mounted on wind turbine blades and are “powered” by the energy in the air moving past the rotor blades. Multiple active and passive deterrent ideas are proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally. The computational analysis involves solving the compressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations and coupling the near-field aerodynamic solution with an integral method based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy to predict ultrasound in the farfield. Experiments are performed in the anechoic chamber at ISU (for the active whistles) and in the Stability wind tunnel at Virginia Tech (for the passive whistles).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

A reproducible study design for the MIMIC-IV in-hospital mortality task

Open, tabular electronic health record (EHR) datasets such as MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV have become critical resources for developing machine learning (ML) models addressing clinical prediction tasks, including hospital readmission, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality (IHM). While MIMIC-III has benefited from well-established preprocessing pipelines and standardized feature sets, MIMIC-IV remains comparatively challenging to work with because there are no standardized benchmarks to support reproducibility and comparability across studies. To address this limitation, we present a rigorously curated MIMIC-IV custom feature set optimized for IHM prediction, constructed through a reproducible preprocessing pipeline and feature selection strategy.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1972

Lymphatic involution and early mortality in the young chicken produced by 2.2 GeV protons

Young single-comb white Leghorn cockerels were subjected to single acute doses of either 2.2 GeV protons or 250 kVp X-rays. Since young chickens exposed in the lethal range die within 48 hours of exposure, an hourly tabulation of deaths was recorded for this length of time after exposure. Animals which were exposed to sublethal doses were killed five days after exposure and their major lymphatic organs, (thymus, bursa, and spleen), removed and weighed. In the lethal range, animals exposed to 2.2 GeV protons died sooner than those receiving similar doses of X-rays, but total mortality was similar in each case at similar dose levels. The 48 hour LD sub 50 was determined to be 710 rad. Measured five days after exposure, 50% depression ED sub 50 for lymphatic organs occurred as follows: (1) thymus, 350 rad; (2) pursa, 500 rad, and (3) spleen, 450 rad. In all case R.B.E. values were not different from unity.

Montour, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1971

The Management of Chronic Disease: a Study of Employee Morbidity and Mortality at the NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1966 - 1971

Several approaches to studying chronic disease patterns in the employee population at Goddard Space Flight Center from 1966 to 1970 are presented. Attempts were made to summarize preliminary data for 1971 and relate this data to specific programs and events which may have had some causative influence. Investigative data for the study cover records of periodic and return to work examinations, injury and illness visit reports, mortality data, and health trends with and without external influences.

Villafana, C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Oxygen effects on mortality of mice infected with Diplococcus pneumoniae

Mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of Diplococcus pneumoniae were held at 1 atm in either hypoxic (12%), hyperoxic (75%), or a normal (21%) oxygen environment. Mortality rates indicated prolongation of survival in hypoxia and shortened survival in hyperoxia. Exposure of mice to the experimental gas mixtures prior to inoculation did not alter the results.

Angrick, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Search for correlation between geomagnetic disturbances and mortality

Statistical evaluation of death rates in the U.S.A. from heart diseases or stroke did not show any correlation with measured geomagnetic pulsations and thus do not support a claimed relationship between geomagnetic activity and mortality rates to low frequency fluctuations of the earth's magnetic field.

Lipa, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Search for correlation between geomagnetic disturbances and mortality

A search is conducted for a possible correlation between solar activity and myocardial infarction and stroke in the United States. A statistical analysis is performed using data on geomagnetic activity and the daily U.S. mortality due to coronary heart disease and stroke for the years 1962 through 1966. None of the results are found to yield any evidence of a correlation. It is concluded that correlations claimed by Soviet workers between geomagnetic activity and the incidence of various human diseases are probably not statistically significant or probably are not due to a causal relation between geomagnetic activity and disease.

Lipa, B. J.↗