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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Development of the Barrel Calorimeter Reconstruction and Measurement of the Beam Asymmetry (S) for Photoproduced π 0 and η Mesons with the GlueX Experiment

The GlueX experiment is located in Hall D at Jefferson Lab with the primary goal of mapping out the spectrum of hybrid mesons. GlueX features a nearly-4π hermetic detector capable of measuring neutral and charged particles produced by a 9 GeV linearly polarized photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target. A description of the detector is presented to give an overview of the experiment. A lot of effort has been put forth into analyzing the data recorded by the detector. Here I discuss improving the performance of the Barrel Calorimeter subdetector by calibrating the gains and improving the reconstruction software. The immediate physics goal of GlueX is to measure observables of known particles, especially those that are expected to be decay particles of hybrid mesons, such as π 0 and η. To understand the photoproduction mechanism of these two particles the beam asymmetry (S) observable is measured. The measurements of Σ are obtained as a function of the four-momentum transfer squared, -t, in the photon energy range of 8.2 GeV to 8.8 GeV in the three dominant decay modes of the η meson and in the dominant decay mode of the π 0 meson. These are the first results for the η meson at this beam energy in multiple decay modes. The results agree with previously published GlueX results for η and π 0 and are made with significantly higher statistical precision. There is also agreement between theory predictions and the results which indicates that the resonance production mechanisms of the π 0 and η mesons are dominated by natural parity exchange.

McGinley, William Edmund↗
DOE OSTI2025

EVs@Scale High Power Charging Pillar

Slide deck assesses a portfolio of EVs, EVSEs, and Fleets that are expected to utilize High Power Charging (>200kW) to understand charging rates, grid impacts, and asset utilization. Provide DOE, project partners, stakeholders, and the public with analysis on the capability of HPC performance of today's charging infrastructure.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Liquid-based gating mechanism with tunable multiphase selectivity and antifouling behaviour

Living organisms make extensive use of micro- and nanometre-sized pores as gatekeepers for controlling the movement of fluids, vapours and solids between complex environments. The ability of such pores to coordinate multiphase transport, in a highly selective and subtly triggered fashion and without clogging, has inspired interest in synthetic gated pores for applications ranging from fluid processing to 3D printing and lab-on-chip systems(1-10). But although specific gating and transport behaviours have been realized by precisely tailoring pore surface chemistries and pore geometries(6,11-17), a single system capable of controlling complex, selective multiphase transport has remained a distant prospect, and fouling is nearly inevitable(11,12). Here we introduce a gating mechanism that uses a capillary-stabilized liquid as a reversible, reconfigurable gate that fills and seals pores in the closed state, and creates a non-fouling, liquid-lined pore in the open state. Theoretical modelling and experiments demonstrate that for each transport substance, the gating threshold-the pressure needed to open the pores-can be rationally tuned over a wide pressure range. This enables us to realize in one system differential response profiles for a variety of liquids and gases, even letting liquids flow through the pore while preventing gas from escaping. These capabilities allow us to dynamically modulate gas-liquid sorting in a microfluidic flow and to separate a three-phase air-water-oil mixture, with the liquid lining ensuring sustained antifouling behaviour. Because the liquid gating strategy enables efficient long-term operation and can be applied to a variety of pore structures and membrane materials, and to micro- as well as macroscale fluid systems, we expect it to prove useful in a wide range of applications.

Hou, X↗
DOE OSTI2021

New High-Energy & Safe Battery Technology with Extreme Fast Charging Capability for Automotive Applications (Final Technical Report)

Being able to refill a cars gas tank when low on fuel is incredibly convenient and is a lacking feature for battery elective vehicles. New High-Energy & Safe Battery Technology with Extreme Fast Charging Capability for Automotive Applications was a research project designed to help correct this lacking feature by developing automotive sized Li-ion battery cells and demonstrating their ability to charge in under 10-minutes. To address the technical challenges Microvast, a cell manufacturer, was joined by Argonne National Labs, battery technology innovator, and BMW, a renown OEM, worked together to define and validate materials and cells for this project. By projects end, Microvast had successfully built and demonstrated a 240 Wh/kg, 35 Ah pouch cell that was capable of over 800 10-minute charge, full discharge cycles. From the outset of the project the plan was to use large amp-hour cells (ie automotive relevant sizes) to ensure the project findings and outcomes were most relevant for electric vehicle applications. The manufacture of cells was done using test manufacturing lines at Microvast and BMW that closely resemble the procedures of a Li-ion battery cell factory.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Production of high density molecular beams with wide velocity scanning

We describe modifications of a pulsed rotating supersonic beam source that improve performance, particularly increasing the beam density and sharpening the pulse profiles. As well as providing the familiar virtues of a supersonic molecular beam (high intensity, narrowed velocity distribution, and drastic cooling of rotation and vibration), the rotating source enables scanning the translational velocity over a wide range. Thereby, beams of any atom or molecule available as a gas can be slowed or speeded. Using Xe beams in the slowing mode, we have obtained lab speeds down to about 40 ± 5 m/s with density near 10{sup 11} cm{sup −3} and in the speeding mode lab speeds up to about 660 m/s and density near 10{sup 14} cm{sup −3}. We discuss some congenial applications. Providing low lab speeds can markedly enhance experiments using electric or magnetic fields to deflect, steer, or further slow polar or paramagnetic molecules. The capability to scan molecular speeds facilitates merging velocities with a codirectional partner beam, enabling study of collisions at very low relative kinetic energies, without requiring either beam to be slow.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Transfer of autocollimator calibration for use with scanning gantry profilometers for accurate determination of surface slope and curvature of state-of-the-art x-ray mirrors

X-ray optics, desired for beamlines at free-electron-laser and diffraction-limited-storage-ring x-ray light sources, must have almost perfect surfaces, capable of delivering light to experiments without significant degradation of brightness and coherence. To accurately characterize such optics at an optical metrology lab, two basic types of surface slope profilometers are used: The long trace profilers (LTPs) and nanometer optical measuring (NOM) like angular deflectometers, based on electronic autocollimator (AC) ELCOMAT-3000. The inherent systematic errors of the instrument's optical sensors set the principle limit to their measuring performance. Where autocollimator of a NOM-like profiler may be calibrated at a unique dedicated facility, this is for a particular configuration of distance, aperture size, and angular range that does not always match the exact use in a scanning measurement with the profiler. Here we discuss the developed methodology, experimental set-up, and numerical methods of transferring the calibration of one reference AC to the scanning AC of the Optical Surface Measuring System (OSMS), recently brought to operation at the ALS Xray Optics Laboratory. We show that precision calibration of the OSMS performed in three steps, allows us to provide high confidence and accuracy low-spatial-frequency metrology and not â€print into' measurements the inherent systematic error of tool in use. Here, with the examples of the OSMS measurements with a state-of-The-Art x-ray aspherical mirror, available from one of the most advanced vendors of X-ray optics, we demonstrate the high efficacy of the developed calibration procedure. The results of our work are important for obtaining high reliability data, needed for sophisticated numerical simulations of beamline performance and optimization of beamline usage of the optics. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2019

η decay program at GlueX

The GlueX detector in the experimental Hall D at Jefferson Lab was designed to search for gluonic excitations in the spectra of light mesons using photon beams. The detector provides a unique capability to perform a precision measurement of the eta -> gamma gamma decay width via the Primakoff effect (PrimEx D experiment) and study rare decays of eta mesons. Measurement of the eta decay width is essential for the determination of fundamental properties such as the ratios of the light quark masses and the eta - eta' mixing angle, and will provide an important test of chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. The physics of rare eta decays spans from critical tests of chiral perturbation theory to the search for lepto-phobic dark matter candidates. I will give an overview of the ongoing PrimEx D experiment and the physics program of rare eta decays, and discuss GlueX plans for the future.

Somov, A.↗
DOE OSTI2016

2016 CSSE L3 Milestone: Deliver In Situ to XTD End Users

This report summarizes the activities in FY16 toward satisfying the CSSE 2016 L3 milestone to deliver in situ to XTD end users of EAP codes. The Milestone was accomplished with ongoing work to ensure the capability is maintained and developed. Two XTD end users used the in situ capability in Rage. A production ParaView capability was created in the HPC and Desktop environment. Two new capabilities were added to ParaView in support of an EAP in situ workflow. We also worked with various support groups at the lab to deploy a production ParaView in the LANL environment for both desktop and HPC systems. . In addition, for this milestone, we moved two VTK based filters from research objects into the production ParaView code to support a variety of standard visualization pipelines for our EAP codes.

"In Situ" production↗
DOE OSTI2018

MC-15 Users Manual

The current iteration of field -capable neutron multiplicity counters is the Multiplicity Counter 15 tube detector (MC-15) shown in Figure 1. This was a tri-lab effort between Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The MC-15 incorporates significant improvements over previous man-portable neutron multiplicity counters of the LANL NPOD and the Ortec Fission Meter™. These improvements include finer time resolution of 100 ns, more advanced on-board computing power for near-real-time onboard analysis, a sunlight readable color touchscreen for ease of use, a USB 2.0 interface for data transfer, and hot-swappable rechargeable batteries that provide 14 hours of run time.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

NNSA Light Source Enhancements: Coupling a High Energy Laser Driver to an XFEL

NNSA has an unmet capability gap to predict how changes in material microstructure, due to aging and new manufacturing practices, can affect performance at extremes. This capability gap is the basis for the Dynamic Mesoscale Material Science Capability (DMMSC) CD-0 that was signed in 2015 [1]. Because of the delay to the MaRIE facility approach, the Tri-Lab in March 2020 proposed separate complementary investments at the APS and LCLS to address portions of the DMMSC mission need [2].

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Status Report 2: Advanced Nuclear Reactors Utilized for Synthetic Fuel Creation

Synthetic fuels (synfuels) are hydrocarbon fuels that source energy from electricity. Synfuels have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout the transportation sector. To achieve this substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the electricity must be sourced from zero- or near-zero-carbon fuel sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectricity, and nuclear power. Synfuels are produced from a combination of carbon and hydrogen sources. Hydrogen can be sourced from water electrolysis with near-zero-carbon electricity and heat (e.g., nuclear), while carbon dioxide can be sourced from ethanol and ammonia plants. In the hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process, hydrogen and carbon dioxide can be reacted to produce carbon monoxide and water, via the so-called reverse watergas shift reaction. Carbon monoxide can then react with additional hydrogen to form hydrocarbons, with carbon chains ranging from C1–C30 in the reaction known as the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis reaction. The synthesized hydrocarbon molecules can then be hydro-processed with additional hydrogen and distilled into different carbon chain lengths so as to be compatible with existing conventional gasoline, jet, and diesel fuels. Carbon-free synfuel production comes with a “green premium” over the manufacture of identical products via conventional fossil fuels. Reports from Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) reveal that hydrogen costs dominate the cost of carbon-free synfuel production. This suggests that for the cost of green synfuel to approach that of conventional petroleum fuel, the cost of hydrogen must be approximately $\$1$/kg. Of the primary low-carbon energy sources, only nuclear carries the potential to produce hydrogen at below $\$2$/kg. (Still a bit above the lofty $\$1$/kg goal, but perhaps manageable). To further identify the potential for creating low-cost synfuels capable of competing with legacy technologies, the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy has funded a multi-program, multi-lab effort among ANL, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), the Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program, and the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program. This collaboration effort will determine the possibility of using current and next generation nuclear reactors to create low-cost carbon-free synfuels for sale in the U.S. energy and commodities market.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

PIP-II Particle Accelerator Project

The PIP-II project is an essential upgrade of Fermilab’s particle accelerator complex. Groundbreaking occurred in March 2019. The upgrade will enable Fermilab’s accelerators to generate an unprecedented stream of neutrinos—subtle, subatomic particles that could hold the key to understanding the universe’s evolution—by creating the world’s most intense high-energy neutrino beams. This capability positions Fermilab to be the world leader in accelerator-based neutrino research. It enables the scientific program for the international, Fermilab-hosted Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF). The key to PIP-II is power. When the PIP-II project is complete, Fermilab will be able to generate proton beams greater than 1 megawatt—60 percent higher than current capabilities. These powerful beams of protons will in turn create intense beams of neutrinos. Future PIP-II upgrades will triple the lab’s current beam power. PIP-II’s high-intensity proton beams will provide a flexible platform for the long-term future of the Fermilab accelerator complex and the U.S. accelerator-based particle physics program.

Fermilab, Fermilab↗
DOE OSTI2017

MSU-Northern Bio-Energy Center of Excellence

The goal of this project was to establish the Bio-Energy Center (the Center) of Montana State University Northern (MSUN) as a Regional Research Center of Excellence in research, product development, and commercialization of non-food biomass for the bio-energy industry. A three-step approach, namely, (1) enhance the Center’s research and testing capabilities, (2) develop advanced biofuels from locally grown agricultural crops, and (3) educate the community through outreach programs for public understanding and acceptance of new technologies was identified to achieve this goal. The research activities aimed to address the obstacles concerning the production of biofuels and other bio-based fuel additives considering feedstock quality, conversion process, economic viability, and public awareness. First and foremost in enhancing the capabilities of the Center is the improvement of its laboratories and other physical facilities for investigating new biomass conversion technologies and the development of its manpower complement with expertise in chemistry, engineering, biology, and energy. MSUN renovated its Auto Diagnostics building and updated its mechanical and electrical systems necessary to house the state-of-the-art 525kW (704 hp) A/C Dynamometer. The newly renovated building was designated as the Advanced Fuels Building. Two laboratories, namely Biomass Conversion lab and Wet Chemistry lab were also added to the Center’s facilities. The Biomass Conversion lab was for research on the production of advanced biofuels including bio-jet fuel and bio-based fuel additives while the Wet Chemistry lab was used to conduct catalyst research. Necessary equipment and machines, such as gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, were purchased and installed to help in research and testing. With the enhanced capabilities of the Center, research and testing activities were very much facilitated and more precise. New biofuels derived from Camelina sativa (camelina), a locally-grown oilseed crop was developed through a chemical process for converting the oil extracted into jet fuel. Promising methods of synthesizing heterogeneous metal complex catalyst that support the chemical conversion process were likewise developed. Breaking-down lignin to valuable chemicals using a metal complex catalyst was also investigated. Lignin is an organic polymer that binds around cellulose and hemicellulose fibers which strengthen cell walls in woody biomass. Test results showed promise and could lead to further exploration of using lignin for fuels and fuel additives. These findings could create another value-added product from lignin that can be sourced from beetle kill trees and product residues from cellulose ethanol plants. Coupled with these research discoveries was the provision of technical support to businesses in terms of product development and commercialization of bio-based products. This in turn opened new avenues for advancing the bio-energy industry in the region and helped support the regional agricultural-based economy through developing biofuels derived from feedstock that are grown locally. It assisted in developing biofuels that reduce exhaust emissions and improve engine performance.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

SNOLAB Deep Underground Scientific Research Operations

Investigations at the frontiers of particle physics are driving key experiments deep underground to escape cosmic-rays and other backgrounds that overwhelm sensitive searches for dark matter, exotic particles, and neutrino properties. The international neutrino physics community has come together to develop the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a leading-edge experiment for neutrino science and proton decay studies. This experiment, together with the facility that will support it, the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), will be an internationally designed, coordinated and funded program, hosted at Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois. The DUNE experimental facility will be sited deep underground (1.5km) at Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD, and will become the deepest experimental facility operated by Fermilab. SNOLAB is a unique world-class international facility for deep underground scientific research. Located 2 km underground near Sudbury, Ontario, SNOLAB hosts a suite of surface facilities and laboratories. The science program at SNOLAB is primarily focused on subatomic and astroparticle physics, specifically the search for dark matter and neutrino studies. As the second-deepest underground lab facility, SNOLAB has gained considerable experience in deep underground scientific research operations. The purpose of this agreement is to leverage the unique capabilities of both Fermilab and SNOLAB to accomplish the following: Provide Fermilab with additional, direct experience in deep underground scientific research operations at SNOLAB to help improve the operational support for SURF. Provide SNOLAB with an experienced leader to serve as Interim Associate Director for Program Integration & Operations, while SNOLAB conducts its search for a permanent hire.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation & Development of Algorithms & Techniques for Streaming Detector Readout

The advancement in microelectronics capabilities, computing, and data science in the last decade has been remarkable. With the start of the 12 GeV Science Program at Jefferson Lab (JLab) and the conceptual detector design for the upcoming Ion Collider (EIC) in mind, we have evaluated and developed the possibility of evolving and improving the existing nuclear science research workflow based on these advances. Specifically, we have prototyped components of streaming readout.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The strangeness program at GlueX

The GlueX experiment located at Jefferson Lab studies the spectrum of hadrons using photoproduction on a LH2 target in a wide variety of final states. With its detector system capable of measuring neutral and charged final state particles over almost the full solid angle, and very good particle iden- tification capabilities, GlueX can measure many different hadrons containing strangeness. A linearly polarized photon beam allows the measurement of po- larization observables, which contain information about the production mecha- nisms involved in generating strange particles in photoproduction. In addition, GlueX can perform precise cross-section measurements, which help to study the spectrum of strange hadrons. In this presentation, the GlueX experiment is introduced, and recent progress of its strangeness program is discussed. We present recent results on ?0 beam asymmetries, ?(1520) spin-density matrix elements and ongoing studies of the ?(1405) lineshape. We also present our recent progress on measurements of ?? ? and ?(?) photoproduction. Also, future prospects for strangeness measurements at GlueX are discussed.

Pauli, Peter↗
DOE OSTI2017

Low Energy Nuclear Physics Experiments at Jefferson Lab

Jefferson Lab houses a state-of-the-art 12 GeV accelerator (CEBAF) that may be used to probe nuclear structure. Not all of the experiments at Jefferson Lab are carried out at the GeV scale though. Experiments in the CEBAF injector and in the Low Energy Recirculation Facility (LERF) are capable of doing experiments at low center of mass energy with very high intensities. I will go over some examples of experiments that have been either carried out or have been proposed using these low energy electron sources. The LERF contains an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) that allows some novel experiments due to the combination of low energy, high current, and thick targets. An example of this, an experiment looking for dark matter candidates, will be described in some detail.

Benson, Stephen↗