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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Symmetry and surface symmetry energies in finite nuclei

A study of the properties of the symmetry energy of nuclei is presented based on density-functional theory. Calculations for finite nuclei are given so that the study includes isospin-dependent surface symmetry considerations as well as isospin-independent surface effects. Calculations are done at both zero and nonzero temperature. It is shown that the surface symmetry energy term is the most sensitive to the temperature while the bulk energy term is the least sensitive. It is also shown that the temperature-dependence terms are insensitive to the force used and even more insensitive to the existence of neutron skin. Results for a symmetry energy with both volume and surface terms are compared with a symmetry energy with only volume terms along the line of {beta} stability. Differences of several MeV are shown over a good fraction of the total mass range in A. Also given are calculations for the bulk, surface and Coulomb terms.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear collective excitations in a two-phase coexistence region

The relation between collective modes and phase transitions in nuclear matter is examined. The dispersion relations for the low-lying excitations in a linear approach are evaluated within a Landau-Fermi liquid scheme by assuming coexisting phases in thermodynamical equilibrium. Temperature and isospin composition are used as relevant parameters. The in-medium nuclear interaction is provided by a recently proposed density functional model. The low density liquid-gas phase transition is taken as a typical situation for examination. We found significative modifications in the energy spectrum, within a certain range of temperatures and isospin asymmetry, due to the separation of matter into independent phases. The influence of the electromagnetic interaction over the dispersion relation of these collective excitations is also examined.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Hadron-quark phase transition in asymmetric matter with boson condensation

In the present work we study the hadron-quark phase transition with boson condensation in asymmetric matter by investigating the binodal surface and extending it to finite temperature to mimic the QCD phase diagram. We consider a system with two conserved charges (isospin and baryon densities) using the Gibbs' criteria for phase equilibrium. To obtain these conditions we use two different models for the two possible phases, namely, the nonlinear Walecka model (NLWM) for the hadron matter (also including hyperons) and the MIT bag model for the quark phase. It is shown that the phase transition is very sensitive to the density dependence of the equation of state and the symmetry energy. For an isospin asymmetry of 0.2 and a mixed phase with a fraction of 20% of quarks, a transition density in the interval 2{rho}{sub 0}<{rho}{sub t}<4{rho}{sub 0} was obtained for temperatures 30<T<65 MeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Spin-aligned neutron-proton pairs in N=Z nuclei

A study is carried out on the role of the aligned neutron-proton pair with angular momentum J=9 and isospin T=0 in the low-energy spectroscopy of the N=Z nuclei {sup 96}Cd, {sup 94}Ag, and {sup 92}Pd. Shell-model wave functions resulting from realistic interactions are analyzed in terms of a variety of two-nucleon pairs corresponding to different choices of their coupled angular momentum J and isospin T. The analysis is performed exactly for four holes ({sup 96}Cd) and carried further for six and eight holes ({sup 94}Ag and {sup 92}Pd) by means of a mapping to an appropriate version of the interacting boson model. The study allows the identification of the strengths and deficiencies of the aligned-pair approximation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Isotopic dependence of nuclear temperatures

A systematic study of isotope temperatures has been presented for heavy-ion collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon via the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model in the company of the statistical decay model (GEMINI). We find that the isospin dependence of the isotope temperatures in multifragmentation is weak; however, this effect is still visible over a wide isotopic range. The isotope temperatures for the neutron-rich projectiles are larger than those for the neutron-poor projectiles. We also find that the isotope temperatures calculated by the model decrease with increasing nuclear mass.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Entanglement between deconfinement transition and chiral symmetry restoration

We extend the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model by introducing an effective four-quark vertex depending on the Polyakov loop. The effective vertex generates entanglement interactions between the Polyakov loop and the chiral condensate. The new model is consistent with lattice QCD data at imaginary quark-number chemical potential and real and imaginary isospin chemical potentials, particularly on the strong correlation between the chiral and deconfinement transitions and also on the quark-mass dependence of the order of the Roberge-Weiss endpoint. We investigate the influence of the entanglement interactions on the location of the tricritical point at real isospin chemical potential and on the location of the critical endpoint at real quark-number chemical potential.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Amplitude Analysis of B0 to K^ pi^-pi^0 and Evidence of Direct CP Violation in B to K^* pi decays

We analyze the decay B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +} {pi}{sup -} {pi}{sup 0} with a sample of 454 million B{bar B} events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC, and extract the complex amplitudes of seven interfering resonances over the Dalitz plot. These results are combined with amplitudes measured in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup 0}{sub s}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decays to construct isospin amplitudes from B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup *}{pi} and B{sup 0} {yields} {rho}K decays. We measure the phase of the isospin amplitude {Phi}{sub 3/2}, useful in constraining the CKM unitarity triangle angle {gamma} and evaluate a CP rate asymmetry sum rule sensitive to the presence of new physics operators. We measure direct CP violation in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup *+}{pi}{sup -} decays at the level of 3 {sigma} when measurements from both B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} and B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup 0}{sub s}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decays are combined.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

{pi}N transition distribution amplitudes: Their symmetries and constraints from chiral dynamics

Baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs) extend the concept of generalized parton distributions. Baryon to meson TDAs appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description of amplitudes for a class of hard exclusive reactions, prominent examples of which being hard exclusive meson electroproduction off a nucleon in the backward region and baryon-antibaryon annihilation into a meson and a lepton pair. We study the general properties of these objects following the underlying symmetries of QCD. In particular, the Lorentz symmetry results in the polynomiality property of the Mellin moments in longitudinal momentum fractions. We present a detailed account of the isotopic and permutation symmetry properties of nucleon to pion ({pi}N) TDAs. This restricts the number of independent leading twist {pi}N TDAs to eight functions, providing description of all isotopic channels. Using chiral symmetry and the crossing relation between {pi}N TDAs and {pi}N generalized distribution amplitudes, we establish soft pion theorems for {pi}N TDAs, which determine the magnitude of {pi}N TDAs. Finally, we build a simple resonance exchange model for {pi}N TDAs considering N and {Delta}(1232) exchange contributions into the isospin-(1/2) and isospin-(3/2) {pi}N TDAs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Coupling vector and pseudoscalar mesons to study baryon resonances

A study of meson-baryon systems with total strangeness -1 is made within a framework based on the chiral and hidden local symmetries. These systems consist of octet baryons, pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The pseudoscalar meson-baryon (PB) dynamics has been earlier found determinant for the existence of some strangeness -1 resonances, for example, {Lambda}(1405), {Lambda}(1670), etc. The motivation of the present work is to study the effect of coupling the closed vector meson-baryon (VB) channels to these resonances. To do this, we obtain the PB{yields}PB and VB{yields}VB amplitudes from the t-channel diagrams and the PB{r_reversible}VB amplitudes are calculated using the Kroll-Ruddermann term where, considering the vector meson dominance phenomena, the photon is replaced by a vector meson. The calculations done within this formalism reveal a very strong coupling of the VB channels to the {Lambda}(1405) and {Lambda}(1670). In the isospin 1 case, we find evidence for a double pole structure of the {Sigma}(1480) which, like the isospin 0 resonances, is also found to couple strongly to the VB channels. The strong coupling of these low-lying resonances to the VB channels can have important implications on certain reactions producing them.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Lifetime Measurement of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} State in {sup 20}C

Establishing how and when large N/Z values require modified or new theoretical tools is a major quest in nuclear physics. Here we report the first measurement of the lifetime of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state in the near-dripline nucleus {sup 20}C. The deduced value of {tau}{sub 2{sub 1}{sup +}}=9.8{+-}2.8(stat){sub -1.1}{sup +0.5}(syst) ps gives a reduced transition probability of B(E2;2{sub 1}{sup +}{yields}0{sub g.s.}{sup +})=7.5{sub -1.7}{sup +3.0}(stat){sub -0.4}{sup +1.0}(syst) e{sup 2} fm{sup 4} in good agreement with a shell model calculation using isospin-dependent effective charges.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Quark-diquark systematics of baryons: Spectral integral equations for systems composed by light quarks

For baryons composed by the light quarks (q = u, d) we write spectral integral equation using the notion of two diquarks: (i) axial-vector state,D{sub 1}{sup 1}, with the spin S{sub D} = 1 and isospin I{sub D} = 1 and (ii) scalar one, D{sub 0}{sup 0}, with the spin S{sub D} = 0 and isospin I{sub D} = 0. We present spectral integral equations for the qD{sub 0}{sup 0} and qD{sub 1}{sup 1} states taking into account quark-diquark confinement interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Four-body calculation of {sup 12}C(α, γ){sup 16}O radiative capture reaction at stellar energies

On the basis of the four-alphamodel, the {sup 12}C(α, γ){sup 16}Oradiative capture process is investigated by using the four-body Faddeev–Yakubovsky equations as well as the two- and three-body electromagnetic currents. The present calculation is an application of our current conservation realistic potentials method for the {sup 12}C(α, γ){sup 16}Oradiative capture process. This work clears the way formore refinedmodels of radiative capture based on two- and three-body realistic potentials and current conservation. The calculation is carried out by considering the {sup 4}He + {sup 12}C (1 + 3) and the {sup 8}Be + {sup 8}Be (2 + 2) subamplitudes, respectively. Radiative capture {sup 12}C(α, γ){sup 16}Oreaction is one of the most important reactions in nuclear astrophysics. For this reaction, the electric dipole transitions between states with the same isospin are forbidden in the first order. Because the state 1{sup +} and 0{sup +} ground state nuclei {sup 16}O have zero isospin, thus the electric dipole radiations are not at the first order between two levels and electric dipole radiation will be the second order and electric dipole radiation is the same order as the electric quadrupole radiation. Therefore, we must consider the effects of both radiations. In comparison with other theoretical methods and available experimental data, good agreement is achieved for the E{sub 1} and E{sub 2} contribution to the cross section and the astrophysical S factor for this process.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Study of the D0 \to Pi Pi- Pi0 Decay at BaBar

The Dalitz-plot of the decay D{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} measured by the BABAR collaboration shows the structure of a final state having quantum numbers I{sup G}J{sup PC} = 0{sup -}0{sup 2-}. An isospin analysis of this Dalitz-plot finds that the fraction of the I = 0 contribution is about 96%. This high I = 0 contribution is unexpected because the weak interaction violates the isospin.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Neutrino Mass Generation at TeV Scale and New Physics Signatures from Charged Higgs at the LHC for Photon Initiated Processes

We consider the collider phenomenology of a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM), which consists of an EW isospin $3/2$ scalar, $\Delta$ and a pair of EW isospin $1$ vector like fermions, $\Sigma$ and $\bar{\Sigma}$, responsible for generating tiny neutrino mass via the effective dimension seven operator. This scalar quadruplet with hypercharge Y = 3 has a plethora of implications at the collider experiments. Its signatures at TeV scale colliders are expected to be seen, if the quadruplet masses are not too far above the electroweak symmetry breaking scale. In this article, we study the phenomenology of multi-charged quadruplet scalars. In particular, we study the multi-lepton signatures at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment, arising from the production and decays of triply and doubly charged scalars. We studied Drell-Yan (DY) pair production as well as pair production of the charged scalars via photon-photon fusion. For doubly and triply charged scalars, photon fusion contributes significantly for large scalar masses. We also studied LHC constraints on the masses of doubly charged scalars in this model. We derive a lower mass limit of 725 GeV on doubly charged quadruplet scalar.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Search for pair production of vector-like top quarks in events with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for vector-like top quarks using events with exactly one lepton, at least four jets, and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search is optimised for pair production of vector-like top quarks in the Z(→vv) t + X decay channel. LHC pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016 are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb -1 . No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is seen and upper limits on the production cross-section of a vector-like T quark pair as a function of the T quark mass are derived. The observed (expected) 95% CL lower limits on the T mass are 870 GeV (890 GeV) for the weak-isospin singlet model, 1.05 TeV (1.06 TeV) for the weak-isospin doublet model and 1.16 TeV (1.17 TeV) for the pure Zt decay mode. Limits are also set on the mass as a function of the decay branching ratios, excluding large parts of the parameter space for masses below 1 TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Coupled-channel Dπ, Dη and $ {D}_s\overline{K}$ scattering from lattice QCD

We present the first lattice QCD study of coupled-channel Dπ, Dη and $ {D}_s\overline{K}$ scattering in isospin-1/2 in three partial waves. Using distillation, we compute matrices of correlation functions with bases of operators capable of resolving both meson and mesonmeson contributions to the spectrum. These correlation matrices are analysed using a variational approach to extract the finite-volume energy eigenstates. Utilising Lüscher’s method and its extensions, we constrain scattering amplitudes in S, P and D-wave as a function of energy. By analytically continuing the scattering amplitudes to complex energies, we investigate the S-matrix singularities. Working at m π ≈ 391 MeV, we find a pole corresponding to a J P = 0 + near-threshold bound state with a large coupling to Dπ. We also find a deeply bound J P = 1 - state, and evidence for a J P = 2 + narrow resonance coupled predominantly to Dπ. Elastic Dπ scattering in the isospin-3/2 channel is studied and we find a weakly repulsive interaction in S-wave.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in multi-ton scale dark matter experiments: classification of vector and scalar interactions new physics signals

We classify new physics signals in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) processes induced by 8B solar neutrinos in multi-ton xenon dark matter (DM) detectors. Our analysis focuses on vector and scalar interactions in the effective and light mediator limits after considering the constraints emerging from the recent COHERENT data and neutrino masses. In both cases we identify a region where measurements of the event spectrum alone suffice to establish whether the new physics signal is related with vector or scalar couplings. We identify as well a region where measurements of the recoil spectrum are required so to establish the nature of the new interaction, and categorize the spectral features that enable distinguishing the vector from the scalar case. We demonstrate that measurements of the isospin nature of the new interaction and thereby removal of isospin related degeneracies are possible by combining independent measurements from two different detectors. We also comment on the status of searches for vector and scalar interactions for on-going multi-ton year xenon experiments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Prospects for ${B}_{(s)}^0 $ → π$^0$π$^0$ and ${B}_{(s)}^0 $ → ηη modes and corresponding CP asymmetries at Tera-Z

The physics potential of measuring $B^0_{(s)}$ → $π^0π^0$ and $B^0_{(s)}$ → $ηη$ decays via four-photon final states at Tera-Z phase of CEPC or FCC-ee is investigated in this paper. We propose an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) with both high energy resolution and excellent separation power to efficiently reconstruct $π^0$ and $η$ from hadronic final states with high photon multiplicity. The resulting B-meson mass resolution is approximately 30 MeV, allowing 3 $σ$ separation between B 0 and $B^0_{(s)}$. With the assistance of the b-jet tagging, the relative sensitivities to B 0 → $π^0π^0$, $B^0_{(s)}$ → $π^0π^0$, B 0 → $ηη$, and $B^0_{(s)}$ → $ηη$ signal strengths at Tera-Z are projected as 0.45%, 4.5%, 18%, and 0.95%, respectively. Their dependence on various detector performances is also discussed. In addition, B 0 → $π^0π^0$ and its two isospin-related modes are paid special attention due to their roles in the determination of the CKM angle α (Φ 2 ). The anticipated precisions of their branching-ratio and CP-asymmetry measurements at Tera-Z are evaluated. We show that the measurement of the time-integrated B 0 → $π^0π^0$ CP asymmetry at Tera-Z is complementary to B-factory ones. The precision on α combining Z- and B-factory results reaches 0.4°, lower than the systematic uncertainties attached to isospin breaking.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗