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We designed and fabricated a fix-tuned balanced frequency tripler working in the 260-340 GHz band to be the first stage of a x3x3x3 multiplier chain to 2.7 THz. The design of a dual-chip version of this multiplier featuring an input splitter / output combiner as part of the input / output matching networks of both chips - with no degradation of the expected bandwidth and efficiency- will be presented.
A method of manipulating ions comprises injecting ions between a first surface and a second surface positioned parallel to and spaced apart from each other and defining a central axis therebetween, wherein the first surface comprises first outer electrodes coupled to the first surface and a first inner array of electrodes coupled to the first surface and positioned between the first outer electrodes, wherein the second surface comprises second outer electrodes coupled to the second surface and a second inner array of electrodes coupled to the second surface and positioned between the second outer electrodes, and applying a frequency modulated RF voltage to at least one electrode of the first inner array of electrodes or the second inner array of electrodes to confine ions between the first surface and the second surface and to guide ions between the first surface and the second surface along the central axis.
The time-dependent argon-ion velocity distribution function above and within the plasma sheath of an rf-biased substrate has been measured using laser-induced fluorescence in a commercial plasma processing tool. Discharge parameters were such that the 2.2 MHz rf-bias period was on the order of the ion transit time through the sheath ({tau}{sub ion}/{tau}{sub rf}=0.3). This work embodies the first time-resolved measurement of ion velocity distribution functions within an rf-biased sheath over a large area (30 cm diameter) silicon wafer substrate.
Dual channel traveling wave maser for integration in closed cycle refrigerator
ABSTRACT Two measures of intra‐seasonal variability, indicated respectively by standard deviations ( SD ) and day‐to‐day ( DTD ) fluctuations denoted by absolute differences between adjacent 2‐day periods, as well as their relationships with large‐scale circulation patterns were investigated in China during 1962–2008 on the basis of homogenized daily temperature records from 549 local stations and reanalysis data. Our results show that both the SD and DTD of daily minimum temperatures ( T min ) in summer as well as the minimum and maximum temperatures in winter have been decreasing, while the daily maximum temperature ( T max ) variability in summer is fluctuating more, especially over southern China. In summer, an attribution analysis indicates that the intensity of the Western Pacific Subtropical High ( WPSH ) and high‐level East Asian Subtropical Jet stream ( EASJ ) are positively correlated with both SD and DTD , but the correlation coefficients are generally greater with the SD than with the DTD of the daily maximum temperature, T max . In contrast, the location of the EASJ shows the opposite correlation pattern, with intensity regarding the correlation with both SD and DTD . In winter, the Arctic Oscillation ( AO ) is negatively correlated with both the SD and DTD of the daily minimum temperature, but its intra‐seasonal variability exhibits good agreement with the SD of the T min . The Siberian High acts differently with respect to the SD and DTD of the T min , demonstrating a regionally consistent positive correlation with the SD . Overall, the large‐scale circulation can well explain the intra‐seasonal SD, but DTD fluctuations may be more local and impacted by local conditions, such as changes in the temperature itself, the land surface, and so on.
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