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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

A Novel Molten Salt System for CO 2 Based Oxidative Dehydrogenation with Integrated Carbon Capture (Final Technical Report)

The objective of this project was to develop a comprehensive proof-of-concept for sustainable and cost-effective production of propionic acid and value-added olefins from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in power plant flue gas and domestic shale gas resources. This was realized via a molten-salt-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation (MM-ODH) process that performs CO 2 capture (from power plant flue gas) and CO 2- assisted alkane oxidative dehydrogenation in a two-step, thermochemical scheme. The resulting carbon monoxide (CO) and light olefin (e.g., ethylene from ethane ODH) can be subsequently converted into propionic acid via the industrially proven hydrocarboxylation process.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Towards improved guidelines for cost evaluation of carbon capture and storage

The white paper is an effort to draw up a set of CCS costing guidelines in three complementary areas where further guidelines and better practices are needed, and where efforts are underway to address those topics. The first area of study tackles the establishment of improved guidelines for cost evaluation of advanced low-carbon technology (such as a new CO 2 capture process or a novel power plant design). The second area of study focuses on CCS from non-power industries while the final area addresses quality assurance and uncertainty evaluations of data and models used in CCS cost analysis.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Methodology for Estimating Performance and Cost of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants with Carbon Capture

This document describes a methodology that allows developers and evaluators to assess the status of developmental, natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) separation technologies with respect to NETL performance and cost metrics. Developmental CO 2 separation technologies that might apply for NGCC post-combustion power generation can be placed into several categories, including, but not limited to membranes, solvents, sorbents, adsorbents, and phase-change technologies. The intent of this product is to provide a consistent methodology for high-level comparison of in-development technology to a standardized baseline.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carbon Management Projects (CONNECT) Database and Explorer

Overview The Carbon Management Projects (CONNECT) Toolkit is an online exploratory visualization tool developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) with support from other federal agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). It provides a single point of access to authoritative information on federal agency investment in a portfolio of research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects that have been publicly announced to advance technologies for point source carbon capture, carbon dioxide removal, transport, storage, and conversion, collectively referred to as carbon management. The RD&D programs covered in this tool are authorized by annual congressional appropriations ("Base Program") and the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). The tool also incorporates public information on other federal initiatives, such as the Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs, and public information released by other government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) and Primacy States’ Underground Injection Control Class VI permits and EPA’s facility level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developed in a geographic information system, the tool organizes carbon management projects into five groups based on the primary technology that a project aims to advance, each visually represented as a digital layer ("carbon management project layer"). Only federally funded projects are included, which can be awarded projects that are completed or ongoing, or projects that have been selected but are currently under negotiation. Project information can be viewed in the map or in the attribute table below it when turned on. In the map view, each project is displayed at either its host site (for field work), where available, or its performer site (project lead's location, further explained in the table below). Host sites and performer sites are represented in distinct icons. Several reference layers offer additional public information on infrastructural and natural resource environment for carbon management. These reference layers, combined with multiple geographical basemaps, enable users to visualize the carbon management project layers in context. Carbon management project information will be updated monthly based on feedback and information availability. Carbon management project layers Point Source Carbon Capture (PSC) This layer contains DOE-funded projects focused on capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from power plants or industrial facilities. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) This layer contains DOE-funded projects focused on capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, including direct air capture (DAC) and DAC hubs, direct ocean capture, enhanced mineralization, and biomass carbon removal and storage. For projects with multiple host sites, each of the sites are displayed individually with the project cost and cost sharing information representing the total for the entire project. Carbon Transport This layer contains DOE- and DOT-funded projects focused on CO2 transport. The Transport Research and Development sublayer contains projects that do not involve physical infrastructure; the Proposed Transport Corridor sublayer contains projects for which either a route for the transport infrastructure has been proposed or a general area for the transport infrastructure has been identified. Carbon Storage This layer contains DOE-funded key projects focused on CO2 storage. For projects with multiple field-work sites, each of the sites are displayed individually on the map with the project cost and cost sharing information representing the overall total for the entire project. Carbon Conversion This layer contains DOE-funded projects focused on converting CO2 into economically valuable products. Reference layers The following layers provide additional information in the geographic proximity of carbon management projects. Users should reference the original sources for more details (weblinks provided below and in pop-up windows on the map). Regional Clean Hydrogen Hub and Facility These layers illustrate the approximate areas of the Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs announced by DOE's Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (OCED) and the approximate locations of individual facilities that constitute the hubs (see "Where are the H2Hubs located?" on the webpage linked above). EPA Facility Level GHG Emissions (direct emitter) This layer shows direct CO2 emissions from stationary sources in 2022, using data extracted from EPA's Facility Level Information on GreenHouse gases Tool (FLIGHT). Captured and injected CO2 are not deducted from direct emitters’ total emissions. Contact EPA for additional details. Underground Injection Control Class VI permit/permit application This layer shows the locations of CO2 injection wells that are granted or in the process of applying for an Underground Injection Control Class VI permit by EPA or a Primacy State (currently Louisiana, North Dakota, and Wyoming). The URLs for the permits or permit applications are provided in the pop-up windows associated with the well locations. Contact EPA for additional details. Carbon Storage Resource This layer contains information on prospective CO2 storage resources in saline formations and oil and gas reservoirs provided by the National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB) spatial database. Contact NETL for additional details. Existing CO2 pipeline This layer shows active CO2 pipelines based on information digitized from the map issued by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Contact PHMSA for additional details.

Carbon Conversion↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cooperative carbon capture and steam regeneration with tetraamine-appended metal–organic frameworks

Natural gas has become the dominant source of electricity in the United States, and technologies capable of efficiently removing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the flue emissions of natural gas–fired power plants could reduce their carbon intensity. However, given the low partial pressure of CO 2 in the flue stream, separation of CO 2 is particularly challenging. Taking inspiration from the crystal structures of diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks exhibiting two-step cooperative CO 2 adsorption, we report a family of robust tetraamine-functionalized frameworks that retain cooperativity, leading to the potential for exceptional efficiency in capturing CO 2 under the extreme conditions relevant to natural gas flue emissions. The ordered, multimetal coordination of the tetraamines imparts the materials with extraordinary stability to adsorption-desorption cycling with simulated humid flue gas and enables regeneration using low-temperature steam in lieu of costly pressure or temperature swings.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Additional Analysis of Carbon Capture at Industrial Facilities

This poster provides summary cost details for a technoeconomic analysis of CO2 capture from flue gas generated by cement plants, conducted by U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory and presented at the 2022 Carbon Management Project Review Meeting held in Pittsburgh, PA (August 15-19, 2022). A range of modern cement plant configurations was considered, along with different fuel types (coal, coke, and natural gas) and two levels of CO2 capture (95% and 99%). The sensitivity of capture cost to a range of modeling assumptions (such as fuel price, financing assumptions, utilization rate, and plant size) was also conducted, to show possible cost ranges that could be expected for decarbonization of typical cement plants in the U.S.

Hughes, Sydney↗
DOE OSTI2020

Iminoguanidines: from anion recognition and separation to carbon capture

Iminoguanidines, first reported in 1898, have received renewed attention in the last 5 years due to their ability to recognize and separate anions from competitive aqueous environments. Iminoguanidines display high recognition abilities towards hydrophilic oxyanions (e.g., sulfate, chromate, carbonate) through strong and complementary hydrogen bonding from the guanidinium groups. Here, this feature article reviews the fundamental anion recognition chemistry of iminoguanidines, as well as real-world applications including sulfate removal from seawater and CO 2 capture for climate change mitigations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluating the carbon capture potential of industrial waste as a feedstock for enhanced weathering

Abstract Limiting anthropogenic global climate warming since the start of the industrial period to less than 2 °C will very likely require both deep and rapid reductions in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and a range of approaches toward carbon dioxide removal (CDR). One prominent CDR approach is enhanced weathering (EW), in which crushed silicate rock is applied on land or in the open ocean to accelerate natural weathering processes that absorb carbon dioxide from Earth’s ocean–atmosphere system. However, in addition to a range of potential environmental, socioeconomic, and ethical issues associated with this pathway, bottlenecks in feedstock sourcing represent a key barrier for deployment of EW at scale. Here, we evaluate the potential of silicate wastes produced from industrial processes—such as steel slag and cement waste—as feedstocks for the EW process. An empirical model that links industrial alkaline waste production to gross domestic product at purchase power parity is developed to forecast waste production in the alternative futures described by the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) framework. By incorporating these results into an intermediate-complexity Earth system model, we also explore the impacts of EW using industrial waste on changes to global temperature, ocean pH, and ocean aragonite saturation state, while also quantifying overall CDR efficiency through the end of the century. We estimate a maximum cumulative end-of-century capture potential of ∼400 GtCO 2 for industrial waste, which could represent a significant fraction of the projected CDR requirement of many mitigation scenarios in the SSP framework. However, feedstock-dependent environmental impacts and the technoeconomics of feedstock redistribution may ultimately limit deployment scope.

Xu, Pengxiao (ORCID:0009000633724293)↗
DOE OSTI2023

How an Autonomous Offshore Power System Can Transform the Ocean Economy - A Hypothetical Case Study Utilizing an Autonomous Offshore Power System in Northern Lights Carbon Capture and Storage Project

An Autonomous Offshore Power System (AOPS) provides in-situ power, energy storage, real-time data and communications support, asset management, and other capabilities at sea. It has applications for all offshore industries: energy, defense and security, aquaculture, science and research, and communications. Furthermore, this paper highlights how an AOPS can reduce cost, complexity, and carbon-intensity for existing offshore operations and enable new capabilities for offshore industry leaders. This new AOPS technology has two primary advantages. First, it unlocks the autonomous, electric future of the ocean economy via ‘local’ power generation and energy storage, in addition to real-time connection to the data cloud. Second, it helps enable a material change in the global energy mix through cost-effective, reliable generation and storage technology for use cases including mobile/static data-gathering and reporting systems, operating equipment, and charging networks for uncrewed surface vessels. AOPS technology will help transform the ocean economy, and thus has implications for offshore industry leaders as they push to reduce costs today and make an autonomous and decarbonized future possible.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2025

Data and code for: Combining eddy covariance towers, field measurements, and the MEMS 2 ecosystem model improves confidence in the climate impacts of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage

BECCS demands extensive land use change that may create positive or negative radiative forcing impacts upstream of the BECCS facility through changes to in situ greenhouse gas fluxes and land surface albedo. When quantifying these upstream climate impacts, even at a single site, different methods can give different estimates. Here we show how three common methods for estimating the net ecosystem carbon balance of bioenergy crops established on former grassland or former cropland can differ in their central estimates and uncertainty.

BECCS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Parasitic Bacteria and Their Effect on Carbon Capture by Biofuel-Relevant Microalgae

The 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report tells a worrying tale of global warming that temperatures will exceed beyond a 1.5 °C increase in the near future. Higher global temperatures result in more frequent and extreme weather events, irreversible ecosystem changes, and will contribute to detrimental impacts on human health. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions— including those from burning fossil fuels for energy use—are the primary drivers of climate change. Organizations like the U.S Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) are working to decrease the environmental impacts of fossil fuels as society works towards net-zero emissions. To complete this goal, society must reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and move towards cleaner energy sources such as biofuels.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Triacylglycerol stability limits futile cycles and inhibition of carbon capture in oil-accumulating leaves

Engineering plant vegetative tissue to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG, e.g. oil) can increase the amount of oil harvested per acre to levels that exceed current oilseed crops. Engineered tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines that accumulate 15% to 30% oil of leaf dry weight resulted in starkly different metabolic phenotypes. In-depth analysis of the leaf lipid accumulation and 14 CO 2 tracking describe metabolic adaptations to the leaf oil engineering. An oil-for-membrane lipid tradeoff in the 15% oil line (referred to as HO) was surprisingly not further exacerbated when lipid production was enhanced to 30% (LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) line). The HO line exhibited a futile cycle that limited TAG yield through exchange with starch, altered carbon flux into various metabolite pools and end products, and suggested interference of the glyoxylate cycle with photorespiration that limited CO 2 assimilation by 50%. In contrast, inclusion of the LEC2 transcription factor in tobacco improved TAG stability, alleviated the TAG-to-starch futile cycle, and recovered CO 2 assimilation and plant growth comparable to wild type but with much higher lipid levels in leaves. Thus, the unstable production of storage reserves and futile cycling limit vegetative oil engineering approaches. The capacity to overcome futile cycles and maintain enhanced stable TAG levels in LEC2 demonstrated the importance of considering unanticipated metabolic adaptations while engineering vegetative oil crops.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Printed graphene oxide-based membranes for gas separation and carbon capture

Graphene oxide (GO)-based separation membranes have demonstrated the great potential to separate molecules and ions by the interlayer spacing with tunable nano-sized channels. The scalable fabrication of GO-based gas separation membranes, however, remains challenging, although a few preparation approaches have been reported. Here in this work, we present for the first time that the co-solvent ink-jet printing, as a fast and scalable method, can be utilized for scalable GO-based gas separation membrane preparation. Large-area (>100 cm 2 ), ultrathin, and high-quality GO membrane was successfully deposited on commercial polysulfone (PS) support, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, et al., Selective hydrogen (H 2 ) and helium (He) transport over carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) was demonstrated for the printed GO membrane. To further explore the separation potential of the printed GO-based gas membrane, additives for facilitated molecular transport were incorporated during the membrane printing process. By inserting CO 2 -philic agents into the printed GO membrane, highly efficient separation of CO 2 from N 2 was achieved with CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 70 and CO 2 permeance as high as 2,500 GPU. The strategy proposed here may provide guidance for large-scale GO-based gas separation membrane production and a versatile approach for applying other functional 2-dimensional materials towards the membrane separation application.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Developing a roadmap for carbon capture, and storage in Oklahoma by assessing the viability of stacked storage

Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes that CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) is critical for climate‐stabilizing energy transitions. In CCS, captured CO 2 is sequestered in saline aquifers within sedimentary basins. The CO 2 storage capacity and the rate of injection are functions of the geology of the saline aquifer, which is uncertain. To minimize impacts of this uncertainty, CCS projects could include backup plans, such as co‐locating geologic CO 2 storage (GCS) sites with or near existing CO 2 ‐enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 ‐EOR) operations. These “stacked storage” projects could hedge against uncertainty in the saline formation performance because captured CO 2 could be injected into either location in the event of unexpected events (e.g., the injectivity decreases). Here, we investigate the possibility and ramifications of developing CCS networks in Oklahoma that are amendable to stacked storage. We find that stacked storage is possible in Oklahoma but the counties with the lowest‐cost saline storage resources do not have existing CO 2 ‐EOR operations. At the systems level, we find it is slightly more expensive (e.g., $1/tCO 2 to $5/tCO 2 ) to site GCS in counties with CO 2 ‐EOR projects. This increased expense is largely due to increased CO 2 transportation costs because hundreds of km of additional pipeline is required to capture CO 2 from the lowest‐cost sources. Overall, our results suggest that it is optimal to build more pipelines and avoid injecting CO 2 in some of the lowest‐cost saline storage resources, to enable capturing CO 2 from the least‐cost sources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Marine algae growth and carbon capture augmentation by antioxidant nanozymes

Large scale commercial cultivation of microalgae year-round is limited by seasonal stress conditions. The rapid growth and high CO 2 capture of the marine microalga Picochlorum celeri is largely inhibited under winter stress conditions of low temperature and high light. Herein, we demonstrated a nanotechnology approach to enhance the biomass productivity and CO 2 capture of P. celeri under abiotic stress by interfacing with antioxidant cerium oxide nanozymes (nanoceria). Antioxidant nanoceria catalytically scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under stress conditions, reducing damage to the microalgae photosynthetic machinery in chloroplasts. Negatively charged poly-acrylic acid-coated nanoceria (PNC, 10 μM) were biocompatible in microalgae cells and colocalized with chloroplasts. In contrast, positively charged aminated nanoceria (ANC) resulted in microalgae aggregation (>50 μM) and were toxic at all concentrations tested (≥10 μM). PNC reduction of ROS levels in microalgae (78%) and superoxide levels (26%), enhanced microalgae growth (65%), photosynthetic performance (130%), and CO 2 uptake rate (380%) under low-temperature stress (15 °C) and high light (500 μmol/m 2 /s PAR) stress relative to controls without nanoceria. Nanoceria augmentation of microalgae provides a rapid and facile technology to increase algae CO 2 capture and biomass under stress conditions.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗