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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Pion Energy Regression in High-Granularity Calorimeter Prototype

The dataset consists of simulations of calibrated reconstructed hits produced by a pion passing through the HGCAL test beam prototype. For the simulations, Monte Carlo method is used to produce the pions with energy ranging from 10 to as high as 500 GeV. The dataset contains the coordinates of the calibrated reconstructed hits in the prototype along with the calibrated energy in units of MIP. The HDF5 files can be extracted from the gzip files.

FAIR4HEP↗
DOE OSTI2025

Positron Beam Loading and Acceleration in the Blowout Regime of a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

Plasma wakefield acceleration in the nonlinear blowout regime has achieved marked milestones in electron beam acceleration, demonstrating high acceleration gradients and energy efficiency while preserving excellent beam quality. However, this regime is deemed unsuitable for achieving positron acceleration of comparable results, which is vital for future compact electron–positron colliders. In this article, we find that an intense positron beam loaded at the back of beam-driven blowout cavity can self-consistently induce the focusing field and flatten the longitudinal wakefield, leading to stable, high-efficiency, and high-quality positron acceleration. This is achieved through the formation of an on-axis electron filament induced by positron beam load, which shapes the plasma wakefield in a distinct way compared to electron beam load in the blowout regime. Via a nonlinear analytic model and numerical simulations, we explain the novel beam loading effects of the interaction between the on-axis filament and the blowout cavity. High-fidelity simulations show that a high-charge positron beam can be accelerated with >20% energy transfer efficiency, ~1% energy spread, and ~1 mm·mrad normalized emittance, while considerably depleting the energy of the drive beam. The concept can also be extended to simultaneous acceleration of electron and positron beams and high transformer ratio positron acceleration as well. This development offers a new route for the application of plasma wakefield acceleration into particle physics.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2021

JSPEC: A Program for IBS and Electron Cooling Simulation

Intrabeam scattering is an important collective effect that can deteriorate the properties of a high-intensity beam, and electron cooling is a method to mitigate the IBS effect. JSPEC (JLab Simulation Package for Electron Cooling) is an open-source program developed at Jefferson Lab, which simulates the evolution of the ion beam under the IBS and/or the electron cooling effect. JSPEC has been benchmarked with BETACOOL and experimental data. In this report, we will introduce the features of JSPEC, including the friction force calculation, the IBS expansion rate and electron cooling rate calculation, and the beam-dynamic simulations for the electron cooling process; explain how to set up the simulations in JSPEC; and demonstrate the benchmarking results.

Zhang, He↗
DOE OSTI2023

Linearization of an Electron Beam’s Longitudinal Phase Space Using a Hollow-Channel Plasma

The removal of undesired beam nonlinear energy chirp (time-energy correlation) or linearization of the beam longitudinal phase space (LPS) is crucial for high-brightness linac-based scientific applications, such as x-ray free-electron lasers. In this paper, we propose that a low-density hollow channel plasma can be used as a near-ideal passive linearizer to significantly linearize the beam LPS and, at the same time, preserve the beam emittance. Physically, the passage of the beam through the hollow plasma channel excites a strong quasicosinoidal longitudinal wakefield that acts to mitigate the beam nonlinear energy chirp by superimposing a reverse chirp on the beam. The theoretical analyses and large-scale three-dimensional start-to-end simulations confirm that the beam longitudinal phase space can be almost completely linearized without noticeable beam emittance growth. In conclusion, application of such a near-ideal linearizer may significantly improve the performance of numerous accelerator-based applications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Towards robust laser beam propagation in atmospheric turbulence

High-fidelity optical propagation through the atmosphere is essential for free-space optical technologies, including laser-based remote sensing and optical communication. However, atmospheric turbulence severely distorts beams and compromises system performance. In this work, we employ hypergeometric-Gaussian (HyGG) vortex beams as probes to characterize and mitigate atmospheric turbulence. Using over 250,000 experimental and simulated frames, we show that refining the power spectrum density (PSD) can reduce numerical prediction errors by up to 79.8%. Concurrently, experimental observations supported by numerical simulations demonstrate that HyGG beams exhibit superior turbulence resilience across multiple metrics compared to conventional Gaussian beams, particularly in their ability to withstand over 5 times stronger turbulence while maintaining similar intensity fluctuations. These dual investigations, on both turbulence mitigation and robust beam solutions, converge to form a unified strategy for enhancing free-space optical system performance. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into light–turbulence interactions and highlight the practical utility of vortex beams under atmospheric conditions.

Zhang, Boyu↗
DOE OSTI2024

Phase-space methods for neutrino oscillations: Extension to multibeams

The phase-space approach (PSA), which was originally introduced in Lacroix [] to describe neutrino flavor oscillations for interacting neutrinos emitted from stellar objects is extended to describe arbitrary numbers of neutrino beams. The PSA is based on mapping the quantum fluctuations into a statistical treatment by sampling initial conditions followed by independent mean-field evolution. A new method is proposed to perform this sampling that allows treating an arbitrary number of neutrinos in each neutrino beams. We validate the technique successfully and confirm its predictive power on several examples where a reference exact calculation is possible. We show that it can describe many-body effects, such as entanglement and dissipation induced by the interaction between neutrinos. Due to the complexity of the problem, exact solutions can only be calculated for rather limited cases, with a limited number of beams and/or neutrinos in each beam. The PSA approach considerably reduces the numerical cost and provides an efficient technique to accurately simulate arbitrary numbers of beams. Examples of PSA results are given here, including up to 200 beams with time-independent or time-dependent Hamiltonians. We anticipate that this approach will be useful to bridge exact microscopic techniques with more traditional transport theories used in neutrino oscillations. It will also provide important reference calculations for future quantum computer applications where other techniques are not applicable to classical computers. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

E-Beam Irradiation Beamline at Jefferson Lab for Wastewater Treatment

Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is an advanced method for removing the emerging organic contaminants in wastewater, such as 1,4-dioxane, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl sub?stances (PFAS), which have the potential to be regulated in the near future but are difficult to degrade by conventional treatment methods. This dissertation was based on a collabo?rating study between Jefferson Lab (Jlab) and Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) to evaluate the impacts of e-beam irradiation on the degradation of 1,4-dioxane and PFAS. It presents the detailed design of an e-beam irradiation beamline, the beamline simulation using general particle tracer (GPT), the installation, and the successful commissioning. The beamline is an extended section to the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Jlab, which is a continuous wave (CW), superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linear accelerator with an energy up to 10 MeV. To let the sample volume receive a significant and uniform dose distribution, the sample target was designed by investigating the dose distribution simulated with a Monte-Carlo code, FLUKA. The optimized beam energy was 8 MeV and the beam current for irradiation was ? 100 nA. With the use of a solenoid and a raster, the electron beam was expanded to the optimized size, 1? ? 15 mm, at the sample target. This dis?sertation also presents the irradiation experiments for 64 1,4-dioxane samples and 48 PFAS samples in different water matrices, including real wastewater, which were prepared and an?alyzed by HRSD. The absorbed doses of samples were obtained by designing a new method that combines the FLUKA simulation and dose mapping experiments. The irradiation re?sults showed that around 95% of 1,4-dioxane was removed at a low dose of ? 2 kGy, and PFAS was possibly removed at a lower dose compared to similar research. This work is a first implementation of SRF technology for wastewater irradiation. It pro?vides a valuable new research platform for wastewater remediation. This will be in support of future industrial applications of advanced SRF technologies and better understanding of the effect of e-beam irradiation on wastewater or water treatment.

Li, Xi↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulation of Direct-Drive Hybrid Using Two Opposed Beams for Inertial Fusion Energy

Xcimer Energy is working to deliver high levels of laser light at the costs required for applications in fusion energy. The architecture of their integrated laser system is unique, in that it naturally supports a target which is illuminated by two opposed beams, and in a manner that can readily complement a reactor. This INFUSE proposal was submitted to investigate a target concept termed the Direct-Drive Hybrid or DDH, and make special use of radiation hydrodynamic simulations and expertise available to the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The associated capabilities are unique to the field, and take great advantage of investments and advances made by the DOE and DOD over many decades. The primary goals were to stand up the DDH design in calculations for the first time, study and refine the concept, and provide the scientific basis for understanding and projecting proposals by Xcimer Energy. The main accomplishments have been summarized below.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electron beam echoes in the IOTA ring

This study is a continuation of previous efforts to demonstrate the possibility of electron beam echo generation in the IOTA ring. Transverse beam echoes are conventionally produced by a dipole kick followed by a single quadrupole kick. We seek to use multiple quadrupole kicks over successive turns to generate an echo larger than that from a single kick. We use beam echo theory and simulations to model and predict the expected echo generated by multiple quadrupole kicks. We also run simulated scans over various parameters relevant to the echo to optimize the echo amplitude, including delay time, quadrupole strength, tune split, and pulse number. Effects due to quantum excitation and synchrotron damping (which are particularly relevant with electrons) were also considered in simulation. Results indicate that given sufficient quadrupole kick strength, we should expect to be able to measure electron beam echoes in the IOTA ring.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ultimate Precision on Sin^2 Theta_23 With the Numi Experiments

There were two major goals to this proposal: the study of the discrepancy between data and MC in the NuMI Medium Energy neutrino beam and the incorporation of the MINOS and NOVA neutrino oscillation datasets. The first topic was approached via development of a simulation of the NuMI beam monitoring instrumentation suite. Initially, the Horn-Off current data sets were used to measure a set of hadron production parameters which improved the data/MC agreement in a way which was independent of the focusing parameters. The peak position discrepancy was only explained by a large (10kA) reduction in the horn current. A full simulation of the muon monitors was developed to attempt to make an independent measurement of the horn current by means of differential data taken by those monitors. While only at the 5kA level, the result corroborated the former findings. The second goal has not yet been completed but progress has focused on understanding how to modify the MINOS MC to take into account the MEC contribution which is missing from the underlying NEUGEN MC. A number of improvements to the MINOS reconstruction have been necessary. The framework to run the fits on the combined data has been completed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Generation and characterization of magnetized electron beam from a DC high voltage photogun for electron beam cooling application

One of the most challenging requirements for the proposed Electron-Ion Collider is the strong cooling of the proton beam, which is key to achieving the collider’s desired luminosity of order 10 33 -10 34 cm -2 s -1 . Magnetized bunched-beam electron cooling could be a means to achieve the required high luminosity, where strong cooling is accomplished inside a cooling solenoid where the ions co-propagate with an electron beam generated from a source immersed in a magnetic field. To increase the cooling efficiency, a bunched electron beam with high bunch charge and high repetition rate is required. This work describes the production and characterization of magnetized electron beam using a compact 300 kV DC high voltage photogun and bi-alkali antimonide photocathode. Beam magnetization was studied using a diagnostic beamline that includes viewer screens for measuring the shearing angle of the electron beamlet passing through a narrow upstream slit. Simulations and corresponding measurements of beam magnetization are presented as a function of laser spot size and magnetic field strength. Correlated beam emittance with magnetic field (0–0.15 T) at the photocathode was measured for various laser spot sizes. Measurements of photocathode lifetime were carried out at different magnetized electron beam currents up to 28 mA, and bunch charge up to 0.7 nC (not simultaneously).

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Towards a neutron multiplicity measurement with the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26 ton Gadolinium (Gd)-loaded water Cherenkov detector located on the Booster Neutrino Beam line at Fermilab. Its main goals are the measurement of the neutron multiplicity in neutrino-nucleus interactions as well as the cross-section of Charged Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE) neutrino interactions on water. Besides the physics goals, the experiment also aims to be a testbed for new technologies such as Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPDs) and Water-based Liquid Scintillators (WbLS). This thesis presents a preliminary measurement of the neutron multiplicity with {ANNIE}, using an analysis conducted on a fraction of the 2021 beam year. As preparatory measures, the efficiency of ANNIE's Front Muon Veto (FMV) was determined to be {$\bar{\varepsilon}_{\mathrm{FMV}} = (95.6 \pm 1.6)\%$} while the average efficiency for active scintillator paddles in the Muon Range Detector (MRD) was found to be {$\bar{\varepsilon}_ {\mathrm{MRD}} = (92.1 \pm 7.9)\%$}. Furthermore, the simulation framework used for ANNIE was validated and adapted to reproduce the experimental data by comparing the detector response for samples of Michel electrons, Americium Beryllium neutrons, and through-going muons. The analysis finds average neutron yields of {$\bar{n}_{\mathrm{data}} (\mathrm{beam}) = (0.272 \pm 0.010_{\mathrm{stat}})$} for an inclusive set of all identified muon neutrino candidates and {$\bar{n}_{\mathrm{data}} (\mathrm{beam,FV}) = (0.287 \pm 0.044_{\mathrm{stat}})$ for interactions which happened inside of the Fiducial Volume of ANNIE, which was optimized to increase the neutron detection acceptance. The presented neutron multiplicity values represent the number of detected neutrons after all event selection cuts and are not yet corrected for the neutron detection efficiency. An equivalent analysis on a simulated beam sample predicts neutron yields of $\bar{n}_{\mathrm{MC}}(\mathrm{beam}) = (0.515 \pm 0.0 07_{\mathrm{stat}})$ and $\bar{n}_{\mathrm{MC}}(\mathrm{beam,FV}) = (0.627 \pm 0.031_{\mathrm{stat}})$, indicating that the models tend to overpredict the number of neutrons produced in such interactions. Systematic errors have been briefly considered to contribute {$\sigma_{\mathrm{sys,FMV}} \sim 0.01\,$neutrons/$\nu$-interaction} due to the slight FMV inefficiency and {$\sigma_{\mathrm{sys,n}} \sim 0.05\,$neutrons/$\nu$-interaction} due to the neutron detection efficiency. Simulation studies further highlighted the importance of neutron detection in Diffuse Supernova Background (DSNB) searches. A combination of neutron tagging and Convolutional Neural Networks was found to reduce the most relevant Neutral Current Quasi-Elastic (NCQE) interaction background below the signal level, achieving a Signal-to-Background ratio of 4:1. In a further study, we investigated the positive impact of a deployment of a WbLS target on the energy reconstruction in ANNIE. WbLS provides a scintillation signal from hadronic recoils in addition to the charged lepton that can be included in neutrino energy reconstruction. It was found that a deployed WbLS volume in ANNIE improves the neutrino energy reconstruction from 14\% to 12\%, with the potential of going beyond this if more sophisticated reconstruction algorithms are developed in the future.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Photoinjector Generation of High-Charge Magnetized Beams for Electron-Cooling Applications

The recently announced Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide high-energy ion-beams and electron beams to pursue nuclear physics research on quark-gluon plasma's. The facility performances (luminosity) would be improved if the ion-beam emittance degradation is mitigated via a phase-space-cooling technique. One potential cooling method uses a bright electron beam to cool the ion beams. The cooling rate for this electron-cooling method depends on the transverse emittance of the cooling electron beam and could benefit from using a beam with significant canonical angular momentum dubbed as a magnetized beam. This research focuses on simulation and experimental generation and characterization of high charge magnetized electron beams with parameters comparable to those required for electron cooling at an electron-ion collider. The experiment uses the 50-MeV photo-injector available at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility. The measurements are benchmarked against simulations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Transport of 12 GeV positron beams at Ce+BAF

Jefferson Lab (JLab) is developing a concept to upgrade the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to additionally deliver spin-polarized continuous-wave positron beams for its nuclear physics program users (Ce+BAF 12 GeV). The concept involves repurposing the Low Energy Recirculator Facility (LERF) at JLab as a dual injector, first producing 100-300 MeV spin-polarized electron beams which are subsequently used for the generation and formation of 123 MeV continuous-wave positron beams. The positron beams are transported to CEBAF and injected for acceleration up to 12 GeV, tailored to the requirements of its four experimental halls. Given the higher emittance of the secondary positron beams, the CEBAF optics are optimized for low dispersion and low beta functions to enhance transmission within the Ce+BAF acceptance limits and with an R56 to manage the positron beams bunch length and energy spread. Potential bottlenecks are being investigated through both optical modeling and measurements using an electron beam, as well as degraded electron beams, to map the 6d acceptance of CEBAF as it is today. This presentation shares preliminary results from multi-particle tracking simulations of the positron beam up to 12 GeV, including spatial, momentum, and spin characteristics, and explores the feasibility of delivering beams simultaneously to multiple experimental halls via extraction optics.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2026

IK-Frag: Frag data generator for the PHITS simulation with the inverse kinematic reaction producing a focused neutron beam

IK-Frag has been developed for the creation of the nuclear cross-section data format, which is named frag data and can be used in PHITS, a Monte Carlo simulation code. IK-Frag focuses on the inverse kinematic reactions between a lithium or beryllium ion and a proton target. These reactions achieve naturally collimated neutrons and potentially reduce the necessity of radiation shielding. IK-Frag enables PHITS users to conduct simulations for the inverse kinematic reactions. The present software aims to contribute to future development of the neutron source system using the inverse kinematic reactions.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗