Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “solitons”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Three-Dimensional Dynamics of a Magnetic Hopfion Driven by Spin Transfer Torque

Magnetic hopfion is a three-dimensional (3D) topological soliton with novel spin structure that would enable exotic dynamics. Herein, we observe and research the current-driven 3D dynamics of a magnetic hopfion with a unit Hopf index in a frustrated magnet. Attributed to the spin Berry phase and symmetry of the hopfion, the phase space entangles multiple collective coordinates, thus the hopfion exhibits rich dynamics including longitudinal motion along the current direction, transverse motion perpendicular to the current direction, rotational motion, and dilation. Furthermore, the characteristics of hopfion dynamics is determined by the ratio between the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque parameter and the damping parameter. Such peculiar 3D dynamics of magnetic hopfion could shed light on understanding the universal physics of hopfions in different systems and boost the prosperous development of 3D spintronics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Two Circuits for Directing and Controlling Ballistic Fluxons

Reversible logic schemes using flux solitons (fluxons) on long Josephson junctions (LJJs) have recently been proposed. The attraction of the fluxon is that it propagates ballistically along an LJJ until it encounters a change in the character of the LJJ, often a designed circuit element. Logic gates involve fluxons interacting with circuit elements and with other fluxons. However, testing of ballistic fluxon circuits requires other circuits outside the logic family to direct and control fluxon motion. Here we discuss two such non-reversible fluxon control circuits. First, the polarity filter gate is a simple non-reversible gate that allows one polarity of fluxon to pass, while reflecting the other polarity. In the off state both polarities reflect. Second, the polarity separator generalizes on the polarity filter concept and allows separation of the two fluxon polarities into different LJJs. We discuss simulations of these structures and possible applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Orderly disorder in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene

Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) has recently emerged as a platform to engineer strongly correlated flat bands. We reveal the normal-state structural and electronic properties of TTG using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at twist angles for which superconductivity has been observed. Real trilayer samples undergo a strong reconstruction of the moiré lattice, which locks layers into near–magic-angle, mirror symmetric domains comparable in size with the superconducting coherence length. This relaxation introduces an array of localized twist-angle faults, termed twistons and moiré solitons, whose electronic structure deviates strongly from the background regions, leading to a doping-dependent, spatially granular electronic landscape. The Fermi-level density of states is maximally uniform at dopings for which superconductivity has been observed in transport measurements.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Future directions for active matter on ordered substrates

Active matter is a term encompassing particle-based assemblies with some form of self-propulsion, including certain biological systems as well as synthetic systems such as artificial colloidal swimmers, all of which can exhibit a remarkable variety of new kinds of nonequilibrium phenomena. A wealth of non-active condensed matter systems can be described in terms of a collection of particles coupled to periodic substrates, leading to the emergence of commensurate-incommensurate effects, Mott phases, tribology effects, and pattern formation. It is natural to ask how such phases are modified when the system is active. Here we provide an overview and future directions for studying individual and collectively interacting active matter particles coupled to periodic substrates, where new types of commensuration effects, directional locking, and active phases can occur. Importantly, further directions for exploration include directional locking effects, the realization of active solitons or active defects in incommensurate phases, active Mott phases, active artificial spin ice, active doping transitions, active floating phases, active surface physics, active matter time crystals, and active tribology.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simultaneous on-chip generation of violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, and red light from an octave-spanning infrared frequency comb

An integrated, multi-spectral visible-light source could significantly benefit technologies such as displays, medical imaging, spectroscopy, visible-light communications, and astrophysics. However, despite recent advances in chip-scale visible lasers, simultaneously generating light of all colors in a single chip has been challenging. Existing solutions are either not suitable for full chip-scale integration, or are fundamentally difficult to scale. Here we demonstrate the simultaneous on-chip generation of infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet light. Leveraging the low loss, low dispersion, and high density of modes of an adiabatic multimode silicon nitride (SiN) microresonator, we use a single infrared pump of moderate power (~130 mW) to produce an octave-spanning infrared frequency comb that is then converted to different portions of the visible spectrum. We measure non-mode-locked combs and soliton steps corresponding to mode-locked states, making our comb generator suitable for applications that demand either low or high coherence. Since the required pump power is compatible with high-power lasers demonstrated in the same SiN platform, our multi-octave light generator can be fully integrated in a chip-scale form factor. We envision that such a light source will be a catalyst for the development and deployment of miniaturized multi-spectral technologies for quantum systems, medical imaging, displays, and spectroscopy.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Long-wavelength-infrared laser filamentation in solids in the near-single-cycle regime

We experimentally demonstrate long-wavelength-infrared (LWIR) femtosecond filamentation in solids. Systematic investigations of supercontinuum (SC) generation and self-compression of the LWIR pulses assisted by laser filamentation are performed in bulk KrS-5 and ZnSe, pumped by ∼ <#comment/> 145 f s , 9 µm, 10 µJ pulses from an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier operating at 10 kHz of repetition rate. Multi-octave SC spectra are demonstrated in both materials. While forming stable single filament, 1.5 cycle LWIR pulses with 4.5 µJ output pulse energy are produced via soliton-like self-compression in a 5 mm thick KrS-5. The experimental results quantitatively agree well with the numerical simulation based on the unidirectional pulse propagation equation. This work shows the experimental feasibility of high-energy, near-single-cycle LWIR light bullet generation in solids.

Qu, Shizhen↗
DOE OSTI2021

Group-velocity-dispersion engineering of tantala integrated photonics

Designing integrated photonics, especially to leverage Kerr-nonlinear optics, requires accurate and precise knowledge of the refractive index across the visible to infrared spectral ranges. Tantala ( T a 2 O 5 ) is an emerging material platform for integrated photonics and nanophotonics that offers broadband ultralow loss, moderately high nonlinearity, and advantages for scalable and heterogeneous integration. We present refractive index measurements on a thin film of tantala, and we explore the efficacy of this data for group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) engineering with waveguide and ring-resonator devices. In particular, the observed spectral extent of supercontinuum generation in fabricated waveguides and the wavelength dependence of free spectral range (FSR) in optical resonators provide a sensitive test of our integrated photonics design process. Our work opens up new design possibilities with tantala, including with octave-spanning soliton microcombs.

Black, Jennifer A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatiotemporal Bragg gratings forming inside a nonlinear dispersive medium

We show that a spatiotemporal Bragg grating can be created inside a nonlinear dispersive medium (such as silica fibers) by launching a periodic train of pump pulses that travel as fundamental solitons. We develop a theoretical model and use it to find the band structure of such gratings. We study the interaction of a probe pulse with the Bragg grating, both within and outside of momentum gaps. We also show that a photonic analog of the Anderson localization is possible when a disorder is introduced into a spatiotemporal Bragg grating.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Biophotonic rogue waves in red blood cell suspensions

Rogue waves are ubiquitous in nature, appearing in a variety of physical systems ranging from acoustics, microwave cavities, optical fibers, and resonators to plasmas, superfluids, and Bose–Einstein condensates. Unlike nonlinear solitary waves, rogue waves are extreme events that can occur even without nonlinearity by, for example, spontaneous synchronization of waves with different spatial frequencies in a linear system. Here, we report the observation of rogue-wave-like events in human red blood cell (RBC) suspensions under weak light illumination, characterized by an abnormal L-shaped probability distribution. Such biophotonic extreme events arise mostly due to the constructive interference of Mie-scattered waves from the suspended RBCs, whose biconcave shape and mutable orientation give rise to a time-dependent random phase modulation to an incident laser beam. We numerically simulate the beam propagation through the colloidal suspensions with added disorder in both spatial and temporal domains to mimic random scattering due to Brownian motion. In addition, at high power levels, nonlinear beam self-focusing is also observed, leading to a dual-exponential probability distribution associated with the formation of multiple soliton-like spots. Such rogue wave events should also exist in environments with cells of other species such as swimming bacteria, and understanding of their underlying physics may lead to unexpected biophotonic applications.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Candidate phases for SU(2) adjoint QCD$_4$ with two flavors from $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

We study four-dimensional adjoint QCD with gauge group SU(2) and two Weyl fermion flavors, which has an SU(2) R chiral symmetry. The infrared behavior of this theory is not firmly established. We explore candidate infrared phases by embedding adjoint QCD into N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory deformed by a supersymmetry-breaking scalar mass M that preserves all global symmetries and 't Hooft anomalies. This includes 't Hooft anomalies that are only visible when the theory is placed on manifolds that do not admit a spin structure. The consistency of this procedure is guaranteed by a nonabelian spin-charge relation involving the SU(2) R symmetry that is familiar from topologically twisted N = 2 theories. Since every vacuum on the Coulomb branch of the N = 2 theory necessarily matches all 't Hooft anomalies, we can generate candidate phases for adjoint QCD by deforming the theories in these vacua while preserving all symmetries and 't Hooft anomalies. One such deformation is the supersymmetry-breaking scalar mass M itself, which can be reliably analyzed when M is small. In this regime it gives rise to an exotic Coulomb phase without chiral symmetry breaking. By contrast, the theory near the monopole and dyon points can be deformed to realize a candidate phase with monopole-induced confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. The low-energy theory consists of two copies of a CP 1 sigma model, which we analyze in detail. Certain topological couplings that are likely to be present in this CP 1 model turn the confining solitonic string of the model into a topological insulator. We also examine the behavior of various candidate phases under fermion mass deformations. We speculate on the possible large-M behavior of the deformed N = 2 theory and conjecture that the CP 1 phase eventually becomes dominant.

Córdova, Clay↗
DOE OSTI2025

Emergent discrete space-time crystal of Majorana-like quasiparticles in chiral liquid crystals

Time crystals spontaneously break the time translation symmetry, as recently has been frequently reported in quantum systems. Here we describe the observation of classical analogues of both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete space-time crystals in a liquid crystal system driven by a Floquet electrical signal. These classical time crystals comprise particle-like structural features and exists over a wide range of temperatures and electrical driving conditions. The phenomenon-enabling period-doubling effect comes from their topological Majorana-like quasiparticle features, where periodic inter-transformations of co-existing topological solitons and disclinations emerge in response to external stimuli and play pivotal roles. Our discrete space-time crystals exhibit robustness against temporal perturbations and spatial defects, behaving like a time-crystalline analogues of a smectic phase. Our findings show that the simultaneous symmetry breaking in time and space can be a widespread occurrence in numerous open systems, not only in quantum but also in a classical soft matter context.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
NASA NTRS1973

Nonthermal turbulent heating in the solar envelope.

It is shown that MHD pulses, in the form of fast magnetosonic waves or solitons, can produce a strong electron-ion coupling capable of maintaining electron-proton temperature equilibrium in the solar envelope. The mechanism producing the nonthermal heating is the fluid-like modified two-stream instability, which, since it is essentially independent of the electron-proton temperature ratio and the value of beta, becomes a prime candidate for the anomalous collisions required by the fluid models inside a distance less than 30 solar radii, in order to explain the dominant features of the solar-wind flow.

Papadopoulos, K.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Solitary Rossby waves in zonal shear flows and their interactions

Interactions of long-wave solitons propagating in shear flows are described by a coupled pair of Korteweg-de Vries equations. The basic equation of motion for the analysis is the quasi-geostrophic forecast equation, and the interaction of two wave modes is studied. The solution for mode 1-mode 2 interaction of solitary waves in an asymmetric shear flow of a barotropic atmosphere with divergence is constructed. Streamline patterns for certain flows are obtained. An unsteady solitary wave solution for a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived.

Redekopp, L. G.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Experiments on strong interactions between solitary waves

Experiments on the interaction between solitary shallow-water waves propagating in the same direction have been performed in a rectangular channel. Two methods were devised to compensate for the dissipation of the waves in order to compare results with Hirota's (1971) solution for the collision of solitons described by the Korteweg-de Vries equation. Both qualitative and quantitative agreement with theory is obtained using the proposed corrections for wave damping.

Weidman, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Strongly turbulent stabilization of electron beam-plasma interactions

The stabilization of electron beam interactions due to strongly turbulent nonlinearities is studied analytically and numerically for a wide range of plasma parameters. A fluid mode coupling code is described in which the effects of electron and ion Landau damping and linear growth due to the energetic electron beam are included in a phenomenological manner. Stabilization of the instability is found to occur when the amplitudes of the unstable modes exceed the threshold of the oscillating two-stream instability. The coordinate space structure of the turbulent spectrum which results clearly shows that soliton-like structures are formed by this process. Phenomenological models of both the initial stabilization and the asymptotic states are developed. Scaling laws between the beam-plasma growth rate and the fluctuations in the fields and plasma density are found in both cases, and shown to be in good agreement with the results of the simulation.

Freund, H. P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Radiation from a localized Langmuir oscillation in a uniformly magnetized plasma

The electromagnetic radiation at the first and second harmonics of the electron plasma frequency from a localized Langmuir perturbation is computed for the case of a uniformly magnetized plasma. It is assumed that the localized perturbations in both the electrostatic field and plasma density have cylindrical symmetry about the direction of the ambient magnetic field. The analysis is initially performed for such an arbitrary localized perturbation, and then applied to treat the case of a quasi-planar Langmuir soliton propagating in the direction of the magnetic field. An extensive numerical study of the angular dependence of the radiation spectrum as a function of the ratio of the electron plasma and cyclotron frequencies is described.

Freund, H. P.↗