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At least 289 records · Page 16

Tool for Viewing Faults Under Terrain

Multi Surface Light Table (MSLT) is an interactive software tool that was developed in support of the QuakeSim project, which has created an earthquake- fault database and a set of earthquake- simulation software tools. MSLT visualizes the three-dimensional geometries of faults embedded below the terrain and animates time-varying simulations of stress and slip. The fault segments, represented as rectangular surfaces at dip angles, are organized into collections, that is, faults. An interface built into MSLT queries and retrieves fault definitions from the QuakeSim fault database. MSLT also reads time-varying output from one of the QuakeSim simulation tools, called "Virtual California." Stress intensity is represented by variations in color. Slips are represented by directional indicators on the fault segments. The magnitudes of the slips are represented by the duration of the directional indicators in time. The interactive controls in MSLT provide a virtual track-ball, pan and zoom, translucency adjustment, simulation playback, and simulation movie capture. In addition, geographical information on the fault segments and faults is displayed on text windows. Because of the extensive viewing controls, faults can be seen in relation to one another, and to the terrain. These relations can be realized in simulations. Correlated slips in parallel faults are visible in the playback of Virtual California simulations.

Siegel, Herbert, L.↗

Scheduling message processing for reducing rollback propagation

Traditional checkpointing and rollback recovery techniques for parallel systems have typically assumed the communication pattern is specified by program behavior. In this paper we exploit the property that the communication pattern can often be changed at run-time without affecting program correctness. A scheduling algorithm for message processing and its implementation for reducing rollback propagation are described. The algorithm incorporates a user-transparent prioritized scheme based upon the run-time communication and checkpointing history. Communication trace-driven simulation for several parallel programs written in the Chare Kernel language demonstrates that the probability of rollback propagation can be reduced at the cost of slight additional performance degradation.

Wang, Yi-Min↗

Optimal message log reclamation for independent checkpointing

Independent (uncoordinated) check pointing for parallel and distributed systems allows maximum process autonomy but suffers from possible domino effects and the associated storage space overhead for maintaining multiple checkpoints and message logs. In most research on check pointing and recovery, it was assumed that only the checkpoints and message logs older than the global recovery line can be discarded. It is shown how recovery line transformation and decomposition can be applied to the problem of efficiently identifying all discardable message logs, thereby achieving optimal garbage collection. Communication trace-driven simulation for several parallel programs is used to show the benefits of the proposed algorithm for message log reclamation.

Wang, Yi-Min↗

Optimal message log reclamation for independent checkpointing

Independent (uncoordinated) check pointing for parallel and distributed systems allows maximum process autonomy but suffers from possible domino effects and the associated storage space overhead for maintaining multiple checkpoints and message logs. In most research on check pointing and recovery, it was assumed that only the checkpoints and message logs older than the global recovery line can be discarded. It is shown how recovery line transformation and decomposition can be applied to the problem of efficiently identifying all discardable message logs, thereby achieving optimal garbage collection. Communication trace-driven simulation for several parallel programs is used to show the benefits of the proposed algorithm for message log reclamation.

Wang, Yi-Min↗

Parallelism and pipelining in high-speed digital simulators

The attainment of high computing speed as measured by the computational throughput is seen as one of the most challenging requirements. It is noted that high speed is cardinal in several distinct classes of applications. These classes are then discussed; they comprise (1) the real-time simulation of dynamic systems , (2) distributed parameter systems, and (3) mixed lumped and distributed systems. From the 1950s on, the quest for high speed in digital simulators concentrated on overcoming the limitations imposed by the so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Two major architectural approaches have made ig possible to circumvent this bottleneck and attain high speeds. These are pipelining and parallelism. Supercomputers, peripheral array processors, and microcomputer networks are then discussed.

Karplus, W. J.↗

NPSS on NASA's IPG: Using CORBA and Globus to Coordinate Multidisciplinary Aeroscience Applications

Within NASA's High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) program, the NASA Glenn Research Center is developing an environment for the analysis/design of aircraft engines called the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). The vision for NPSS is to create a "numerical test cell" enabling full engine simulations overnight on cost-effective computing platforms. To this end, NPSS integrates multiple disciplines such as aerodynamics, structures, and heat transfer and supports "numerical zooming" between O-dimensional to 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional component engine codes. In order to facilitate the timely and cost-effective capture of complex physical processes, NPSS uses object-oriented technologies such as C++ objects to encapsulate individual engine components and CORBA ORBs for object communication and deployment across heterogeneous computing platforms. Recently, the HPCC program has initiated a concept called the Information Power Grid (IPG), a virtual computing environment that integrates computers and other resources at different sites. IPG implements a range of Grid services such as resource discovery, scheduling, security, instrumentation, and data access, many of which are provided by the Globus toolkit. IPG facilities have the potential to benefit NPSS considerably. For example, NPSS should in principle be able to use Grid services to discover dynamically and then co-schedule the resources required for a particular engine simulation, rather than relying on manual placement of ORBs as at present. Grid services can also be used to initiate simulation components on parallel computers (MPPs) and to address inter-site security issues that currently hinder the coupling of components across multiple sites. These considerations led NASA Glenn and Globus project personnel to formulate a collaborative project designed to evaluate whether and how benefits such as those just listed can be achieved in practice. This project involves firstly development of the basic techniques required to achieve co-existence of commodity object technologies and Grid technologies; and secondly the evaluation of these techniques in the context of NPSS-oriented challenge problems. The work on basic techniques seeks to understand how "commodity" technologies (CORBA, DCOM, Excel, etc.) can be used in concert with specialized "Grid" technologies (for security, MPP scheduling, etc.). In principle, this coordinated use should be straightforward because of the Globus and IPG philosophy of providing low-level Grid mechanisms that can be used to implement a wide variety of application-level programming models. (Globus technologies have previously been used to implement Grid-enabled message-passing libraries, collaborative environments, and parameter study tools, among others.) Results obtained to date are encouraging: we have successfully demonstrated a CORBA to Globus resource manager gateway that allows the use of CORBA RPCs to control submission and execution of programs on workstations and MPPs; a gateway from the CORBA Trader service to the Grid information service; and a preliminary integration of CORBA and Grid security mechanisms. The two challenge problems that we consider are the following: 1) Desktop-controlled parameter study. Here, an Excel spreadsheet is used to define and control a CFD parameter study, via a CORBA interface to a high throughput broker that runs individual cases on different IPG resources. 2) Aviation safety. Here, about 100 near real time jobs running NPSS need to be submitted, run and data returned in near real time. Evaluation will address such issues as time to port, execution time, potential scalability of simulation, and reliability of resources. The full paper will present the following information: 1. A detailed analysis of the requirements that NPSS applications place on IPG. 2. A description of the techniques used to meet these requirements via the coordinated use of CORBA and Globus. 3. A description of results obtained to date in the first two challenge problems.

Lopez, Isaac↗

A simple atmospheric model on the sphere with 100% parallelism

A simple shallow water equations model used to test numerical weather prediction schemes is presented. The spherical geometry is transformed into a formally doubly periodic configuration which can be implemented on a massively parallel computer at 100% parallelism. A nonstaggered grid with all variables defined at the grid points (circles) is used. The parallel structure was simulated by performing step 1 in a FORTRAN array, on an Amdahl serial machine, changing the signs of the winds on the dark side.

Kalnay, E.↗

Advances in magnetospheric physics by numerical simulations - A critical analysis by an outsider

This is a selective, somewhat editorialized assessment, based on a literature survey, of computer simulation as it exists today in magnetospheric physics. Both large (MHD) and small scale dynamical simulations are described and considered from the perspective of what they are trying to do and with what success. Several specific problem areas where simulations are being carried out are called for commentary: global magnetospheric structure, magnetotail and magnetopause reconnection, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, hydrodynamic expansion of ionospheric ions, electric double layers, heavy ion heating, and auroral kilometric radiation. It is concluded that simulation is a necessary tool for understanding magnetospheric physics and that significant progress has been made in simulation development. However, results should be evaluated knowing that many factors, some real and physical, others structural, may contribute to such output. A plea is made for greater intercalibration among different simulators working in parallel areas, so that facts can be distinguished from artifacts.

Birmingham, Thomas J.↗

A description of electron heating with an electrostatic potential jump in a parallel, collisionless, fire hose shock

The electron heating required if protons scatter elastically in a parallel, collisionless shock is calculated. Near-elastic proton scattering off large amplitude background magnetic field fluctuations might be expected if the waves responsible for the shock dissipation are generated by the fire hose instability. The effects of an electrostatic potential jump in the shock layer are included by assuming that the energy lost by protons in traversing the potential jump is converted into electron thermal pressure. It is found that the electron temperature increase is a strong function of the potential jump. Comparison is made to the parallel shock plasma simulation of Quest (1987).

Ellison, Donald C.↗

An infrared sky model based on the IRAS point source data

A detailed model for the infrared point source sky is presented that comprises geometrically and physically realistic representations of the galactic disk, bulge, spheroid, spiral arms, molecular ring, and absolute magnitudes. The model was guided by a parallel Monte Carlo simulation of the Galaxy. The content of the galactic source table constitutes an excellent match to the 12 micrometer luminosity function in the simulation, as well as the luminosity functions at V and K. Models are given for predicting the density of asteroids to be observed, and the diffuse background radiance of the Zodiacal cloud. The model can be used to predict the character of the point source sky expected for observations from future infrared space experiments.

Cohen, Martin↗

The electron signature of parallel electric fields

Dynamics Explorer I High-Altitude Plasma Instrument electron data are presented. The electron distribution functions have characteristics expected of a region of parallel electric fields. The data are consistent with previous test-particle simulations for observations within parallel electric field regions which indicate that typical hole, bump, and loss-cone electron distributions, which contain evidence for parallel potential differences both above and below the point of observation, are not expected to occur in regions containing actual parallel electric fields.

Burch, J. L.↗

A model of the 8-25 micron point source infrared sky

A model is developed that permits the representation of the Galactic disk and bulge, the molecular ring, extragalactic sky, and other Galactic structures in terms of the IR point-source sky. Full characterization is achieved for up to 87 types of Galactic sources in terms of scale heights and absolute magnitudes, and the model is guided by a parallel Monte Carlo simulation of the Galaxy at 12 microns. The model predicts differential and cumulative IR source counts for all bandpasses in the IRAS ranges and can therefore be employed to predict the character of the point-source sky related to IR space observations.

Wainscoat, Richard J.↗

Lazy checkpoint coordination for bounding rollback propagation

Independent checkpointing allows maximum process autonomy but suffers from potential domino effects. Coordinated checkpointing eliminates the domino effect by sacrificing a certain degree of process autonomy. In this paper, we propose the technique of lazy checkpoint coordination which preserves process autonomy while employing communication-induced checkpoint coordination for bounding rollback propagation. The introduction of the notion of laziness allows a flexible trade-off between the cost for checkpoint coordination and the average rollback distance. Worst-case overhead analysis provides a means for estimating the extra checkpoint overhead. Communication trace-driven simulation for several parallel programs is used to evaluate the benefits of the proposed scheme for real applications.

Wang, Yi-Min↗

A model of the 8-25 micron point source infrared sky

We present a detailed model for the IR point-source sky that comprises geometrically and physically realistic representations of the Galactic disk, bulge, stellar halo, spiral arms (including the 'local arm'), molecular ring, and the extragalactic sky. We represent each of the distinct Galactic components by up to 87 types of Galactic source, each fully characterized by scale heights, space densities, and absolute magnitudes at BVJHK, 12, and 25 microns. The model is guided by a parallel Monte Carlo simulation of the Galaxy at 12 microns. The content of our Galactic source table constitutes a good match to the 12 micron luminosity function in the simulation, as well as to the luminosity functions at V and K. We are able to produce differential and cumulative IR source counts for any bandpass lying fully within the IRAS Low-Resolution Spectrometer's range (7.7-22.7 microns as well as for the IRAS 12 and 25 micron bands. These source counts match the IRAS observations well. The model can be used to predict the character of the point source sky expected for observations from IR space experiments.

Wainscoat, Richard J.↗

The injection and acceleration of particles in oblique shocks - A unified Monte Carlo description

Important problems are discussed concerning the effects of shock geometry on the injection of thermal particles and the process of standard Fermi particle acceleration in general. In pursuit of a self-consistent model that simultaneously describes shock structure and particle acceleration in shocks of arbitrary obliquity, a Monte Carlo simulation developed for parallel shocks is generalized to address oblique geometries. Attention is given to initial results concerning the ways in which injection and acceleration efficiency varies with obliquity and Mach number.

Baring, Matthew G.↗

Theoretical and experimental investigation of heat transfer by laminar natural convection between parallel plates

Results are presented of a theoretical and experimental investigation of heat transfer involving laminar natural convection of fluids enclosed between parallel walls oriented in the direction of the body force, where one wall is heated uniformly, and the other is cooled uniformly. For the experimental work, parallel walls were simulated by using an annulus with an inner-to-outer diameter ratio near 1. The results of the theoretical investigation are presented in the form of equations for the velocity and temperature profiles and the ratio of actual temperature drop across the fluid to the temperature drop for pure conduction. No experimental measurements were made of the velocity and temperature profiles, but the experimental results are compared with theory on the basis of the ratio of the actual temperature drop to the temperature drop for pure conduction. Good agreement was obtained between theory and experiment for axial temperature gradients of 10 degrees F. per foot or larger.

Lietzke, A F↗

Research in parallel computing

This report summarizes work on parallel computations for NASA Grant NAG-1-1529 for the period 1 Jan. - 30 June 1994. Short summaries on highly parallel preconditioners, target-specific parallel reductions, and simulation of delta-cache protocols are provided.

Ortega, James M.↗