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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of ERTS-1 data applications to geologic mapping, structural analysis and mineral resource inventory of South America with special emphasis on the Andes Mountain region

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 data is ideally suited for small-scale geologic mapping and structural analysis of remote, inaccessible areas such as the Andes of South America. The synoptic view of large areas, low sun-angle and multispectral nature of the images provide the right ingredients for improving existing geologic and other maps of the regions. In most areas it has been possible to compile geologic, drainage, and cultural interpretive overlays to individual scenes mainly using MSS bands 4, 5, and 7. A test image mosaic using MSS band 6 is being compiled for Test Area 7 (La Paz, Bolivia). It will be at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and cover 4 x 6 degrees of latitude and longitude and will serve as a compilation base on which to join the overlays. Repetitive data shows changes in river channels and sedimentation plumes, changes in lake shorelines, and surface moisture distribution. Vegetation and snow line changes in the Andes have been recognized. A year of seasonal data, however, has not yet been acquired due to tape recorder failure.

Carter, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Pressure Contact Sounding Data for NASA's Atmospheric Variability Experiment (AVE 3)

The basic rawinsonde data are described at each pressure contact from the surface to sounding termination for the 41 stations participating in the AVE III measurement program that began at 0000 GMT on February 6 and ended at 1200 GMT on February 7, 1975. Soundings were taken at 3-hour intervals during a large period of the experiment from most stations within the United States east of about 105 degrees west longitude. Methods of data processing, change in reduction scheme since the AVE II pilot experiment, and data accuracy are briefly discussed. An example of contact data is presented, and microfiche cards of all the contact data are included in the appendix. The AVE III project was conducted to better understand and establish the extent of applications for meteorological satellite sensor data through correlative ground truth experiments and to provide basic experimental data for use in studies of atmospheric scales of-motion interrelationships.

Fuelberg, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Arctic atmosphere - Ice interaction studies using Nimbus-7 SMMR

The use of data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on board Nimbus 7 for studying ice-atmosphere interactions is discussed with reference to two case studies, one for the Greenland Sea and the other for the Sea of Okhotsk, for April/May 1979. By using SMMR data, rapid changes in ice extent and concentration have been observed in association with changes in synoptic atmospheric circulation. Case studies and analyses of sample data indicate that ice concentration estimates may be accurate to within 10 percent.

Anderson, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Robust Quantitative Measurement of Flows and Transparent or Highly Reflective Objects

The liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI) is a new instrument that has been developed for the measurement of phase objects. The LCPDI uses the compact, robust design of Linnik's point diffraction interferometer and adds to it phase stepping capability for quantitative interferogram analysis. The result is a compact, simple to align, environmentally insensitive interferometer capable of accurately measuring optical wave-fronts. A solid state camera provides very high data density and automated data reduction. The instrument can measure either transparent objects like fluids and lenses, or highly reflective opaque objects like mirrors. In the former case, the refractive index distribution is measured and then related to various properties like temperature, density, chemical composition, or thickness. In the latter case, the measured phase distribution is related to the object shape. The objects measured must be stationary or quasisteady state because the measurement requires the acquisition of several frames of image data during which time the object's properties must not have changed. The data acquisition time depends on the speed of the frame grabber and the required number of data frames. Typically, three to five frames taking 1 to 2 seconds are required. The potential for faster data acquisition exists.

Mercer, Carolyn R.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Integrating Engineering Data Systems for NASA Spaceflight Projects

NASA has a large range of custom-built and commercial data systems to support spaceflight programs. Some of the systems are re-used by many programs and projects over time. Management and systems engineering processes require integration of data across many of these systems, a difficult problem given the widely diverse nature of system interfaces and data models. This paper describes an ongoing project to use a central data model with a web services architecture to support the integration and access of linked data across engineering functions for multiple NASA programs. The work involves the implementation of a web service-based middleware system called Data Aggregator to bring together data from a variety of systems to support space exploration. Data Aggregator includes a central data model registry for storing and managing links between the data in disparate systems. Initially developed for NASA's Constellation Program needs, Data Aggregator is currently being repurposed to support the International Space Station Program and new NASA projects with processes that involve significant aggregating and linking of data. This change in user needs led to development of a more streamlined data model registry for Data Aggregator in order to simplify adding new project application data as well as standardization of the Data Aggregator query syntax to facilitate cross-application querying by client applications. This paper documents the approach from a set of stand-alone engineering systems from which data are manually retrieved and integrated, to a web of engineering data systems from which the latest data are automatically retrieved and more quickly and accurately integrated. This paper includes the lessons learned through these efforts, including the design and development of a service-oriented architecture and the evolution of the data model registry approaches as the effort continues to evolve and adapt to support multiple NASA programs and priorities.

Carvalho, Robert E.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Oro-Nasal Mask Versus Two-Way Non-Rebreathing Valves for Maximal Aerobic Capacity Testing in Astronauts

Astronauts complete maximal aerobic capacity (VO2pk) testing as part of their annual fitness assessment (AFA) as well as several times once assigned to an International Space Station mission. Historically, the 2-Way T-Shape Non-Rebreathing valve with a mouthpiece and nose clip (“Mouthpiece”) has been used in these tests. The testing procedure was updated to use the oro-nasal mask (“Mask”) for the AFA starting in June 2017. Astronauts who used the mask during their AFA requested it be certified to be used for all mission associated tests. Considering the criticality of the data and the schedule constraints of astronauts, it is imperative that the requested hardware change provide data with equivalent reliability and repeatability as provided by the mouthpiece. PURPOSE: To assess the reliability and validity of mask vs. mouthpiece by comparing submaximal and VO2pkdata within subjects (approximately 1 year apart). METHODS: Each of 17 active astronauts completed a VO (sub 2pk) test with the mouthpiece (first) and the mask (second) for their AFA. The VO (sub 2pk) test was conducted on a cycle ergometer with a metabolic cart. The nominal protocol started with a 3-minute warm-up at 50 Watts (W) and increased 25W every minute until volitional fatigue (Light: 45W start; 15W increase). The VO (sub 2pk)s were compared between tests and the expected day-to-day variation (plus or minus 5 percent) was used as the threshold for determining agreement between tests. Submaximal values were plotted and evaluated visually for deviations between mask and mouthpiece. RESULTS: VO (sub 2pk) values were more than 5 percent different, despite similar test times, between mouthpiece and mask in 6 of 17 comparisons, 3 of which were higher with the mask (9.0 plus or minus 5.9 percent) while 3 were lower (minus10.8 plus or minus 2.0 percent) with the mask. The submaximal data did not indicate a leak in either apparatus during these tests. An Astronaut Strength & Conditioning Rehabilitation specialist confirmed that the measured differences in VO (sub 2pk) of these 6 astronauts was consistent with observed changes in exercise habits during the year that separated the two tests. CONCLUSION: After being presented with the results of this data mining effort the mask was accepted for use in all tests, excepting that, if a leak is detected without resolve, the test will be repeated (if schedule allows) and remaining tests will be completed with the mouthpiece.

Buxton, R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Information data systems for a global change technology initiative architecture trade study

The Global Change Technology Initiative (GCTI) was established to develop technology which will enable use of satellite systems of Earth observations on a global scale, enable use of the observations to predictively model Earth's changes, and provide scientists, government, business, and industry with quick access to the resulting information. At LaRC, a GCTI Architecture Trade Study was undertaken to develop and evaluate the architectural implications to meet the requirements of the global change studies and the eventual implementation of a global change system. The output of the trade study are recommended technologies for the GCTI. That portion of the study concerned with the information data system is documented. The information data system for an earth global change modeling system can be very extensive and beyond affordability in terms of today's costs. Therefore, an incremental approach to gaining a system is most likely. An options approach to levels of capability versus needed technologies was developed. The primary drivers of the requirements for the information data system evaluation were the needed science products, the science measurements, the spacecraft orbits, the instruments configurations, and the spacecraft configurations and their attendant architectures. The science products requirements were not studied here; however, some consideration of the product needs were included in the evaluation results. The information data system technology items were identified from the viewpoint of the desirable overall information system characteristics.

Murray, Nicholas D.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quantum oscillations and transport properties of layered single-crystal SrCu 4 ⁢As 2

Here, we report a systematic investigation of the physical properties and Fermi-surface topology of layered single-crystal SrCu 4⁢ As 2 using electrical transport, magnetotransport, and quantum-oscillation experiments plus band-structure calculations. The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity reveals a hysteretic phase transition at 𝑇 𝑃 =59 K, most likely associated with a structural change. Hall resistivity data suggest a marked change in the average hole density resulting from the latter phase transition near 𝑇 𝑃 . A large, linear, and nonsaturating magnetoresistance is observed at low temperatures in SrCu 4 ⁢As 2 , likely attributable to the multipocket Fermi surface. Quantum-oscillation data measured in magnetic fields of up to 60 T show several oscillation frequencies exhibiting low effective masses, indicating the presence of Dirac-like band dispersion in SrCu 4 ⁢As 2 , as suggested by the band structure calculations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2017

Assessing Climate Change Impacts on the Stability of Small Tidal Inlets: Part 2- Data Rich Environments

Climate change (CC) is likely to affect the thousands of bar-built or barrier estuaries (here referred to as Small tidal inlets - STIs) around the world. Any such CC impacts on the stability of STIs, which governs the dynamics of STIs as well as that of the inlet-adjacent coastline, can result in significant socio-economic consequences due to the heavy human utilisation of these systems and their surrounds. This article demonstrates the application of a process based snap-shot modelling approach, using the coastal morphodynamic model Delft3D, to 3 case study sites representing the 3 main STI types; Permanently open, locationally stable inlets (Type 1), Permanently open, alongshore migrating inlets (Type 2) and Seasonally/Intermittently open, locationally stable inlets (Type 3). The 3 case study sites (Negombo lagoon - Type 1, Kalutara lagoon - Type 2, and Maha Oya river - Type 3) are all located along the southwest coast of Sri Lanka. After successful hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model validation at the 3 case study sites, CC impact assessment are undertaken for a high end greenhouse gas emission scenario. Future CC modified wave and riverflow conditions are derived from a regional scale application of spectral wave models (WaveWatch III and SWAN) and catchment scale applications of a hydrologic model (CLSM) respectively, both of which are forced with IPCC Global Climate Model output dynamically downscaled to approximately 50 km resolution over the study area with the stretched grid Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model CCAM. Results show that while all 3 case study STIs will experience significant CC driven variations in their level of stability, none of them will change Type by the year 2100. Specifically, the level of stability of the Type 1 inlet will decrease from 'Good' to 'Fair to poor' by 2100, while the level of (locational) stability of the Type 2 inlet will also decrease with a doubling of the annual migration distance. Conversely, the stability of the Type 3 inlet will increase, with the time till inlet closure increasing by approximately 75%. The main contributor to the overall CC effect on the stability of all 3 STIs is CC driven variations in wave conditions and resulting changes in longshore sediment transport, not Sea level rise as commonly believed.

IPC↗
NASA NTRS1975

Data for NASA's AVE 3 experiment: 25-mb sounding data and synoptic charts

The atmospheric variability experiment (AVE 3) is described and tabulated rawinsonde data at 25-mb intervals from the surface to 25 mb for the 41 stations is presented. The experiment was conducted between February 6 and February 7, 1975. Brief discussions are given on methods of data processing, changes in the reduction scheme since the AVE 2 pilot experiment, and data accuracy. An example of contact data is presented as well as synoptic charts prepared from the data.

Fuelberg, H. E.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System Plan

The United States Department of Energy Advanced Reactor Technologies Program was formed in Fiscal Year 2015 and encompasses the Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project and Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Program as they were known previously. The VHTR Program was created to support design and licensing of the first VHTR nuclear plant. Data created for and used by the program must be qualified for use, stored in a readily accessible electronic form, categorized to assure the correct data are used, and controlled to prevent data corruption or inadvertent changes. The Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System was designed to support the data needs of the VHTR Program, at the time and now the Advanced Reactor Technologies Program. Since its inception, use of the Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System has expanded to support additional projects and programs with similar requirements for control, analysis, and availability of large data sets.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Data and information system requirements for Global Change Research

Efforts to develop local information systems for supporting interdisciplinary Global Change Research are described. A prototype system, the Interdisciplinary Science Data and Information System (IDS-DIS), designed to interface the larger archives centers of EOS-DIS is presented. Particular attention is given to a data query information management system (IMS), which has been used to tabulate information of Landsat data worldwide. The use of these data in a modeling analysis of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions is demonstrated. The development of distributed local information systems is considered to be complementary to the development of central data archives. Global Change Research under the EOS program is likely to result in proliferation of data centers. It is concluded that a distributed system is a feasible and natural way to manage data and information for global change research.

Skole, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Computation of solid/liquid phase change including free convection - Comparison with data

A computational model is presented for solid/liquid phase-change energy transport including free convection fluid flow in the liquid phase. The computational model considers the velocity components of all nonliquid control volumes to be zero but fully solves the coupled mass-momentum problem within the liquid. The thermal energy model includes the entire domain and employs an enthalpy-like model and a recently developed method for handling the phase-change interface nonlinearity. Convergence studies are performed and comparisons made with experimental data for two different problems. Grid independence is achieved, and the comparison with experimental data indicates excellent quantitative prediction of the melt fraction evolution. Qualitative data are also provided as velocity vector and isotherm plots. The computational costs incurred are quite low by comparison with other models.

Schneider, G. E.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Soil Temperature and Moisture, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2023

Daily averages of soil temperature and moisture measured once every hour at different heights located at Intensive Monitoring Stations at Teller Road Mile Marker 27 site. Data are retrieved annually from 2016-2023. This is the final update to this dataset: no changes to previous data files with the addition of 2022-2023 data files. Data files have header rows, NaN fields indicate invalid or missing data, and negative vertical offsets are above ground. UPDATED 2025-07: Seven new data files collected in 2022-2023 were added and no previously archived data were changed. This represents the final collection of data and text in the title was changed to reflect the defined timespan. Other files that were added: file-level metadata, a data dictionary, a site location map, and a data file inventory by year. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1997

Comparison of the Seasonal Change in Cloud-Radiative Forcing from Atmospheric General Circulation Models and Satellite Observations

We compare seasonal changes in cloud-radiative forcing (CRF) at the top of the atmosphere from 18 atmospheric general circulation models, and observations from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). To enhance the CRF signal and suppress interannual variability, we consider only zonal mean quantities for which the extreme months (January and July), as well as the northern and southern hemispheres, have been differenced. Since seasonal variations of the shortwave component of CRF are caused by seasonal changes in both cloudiness and solar irradiance, the latter was removed. In the ERBE data, seasonal changes in CRF are driven primarily by changes in cloud amount. The same conclusion applies to the models. The shortwave component of seasonal CRF is a measure of changes in cloud amount at all altitudes, while the longwave component is more a measure of upper level clouds. Thus important insights into seasonal cloud amount variations of the models have been obtained by comparing both components, as generated by the models, with the satellite data. For example, in 10 of the 18 models the seasonal oscillations of zonal cloud patterns extend too far poleward by one latitudinal grid.

Cess, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The preparation and archiving of machine-readable astronomical data

The preparation of machine-readable astronomical catalogs for archiving and distribution from the ADC is described. Examples of specific format and data structure changes to improve compatibility with other computers, to homogenize the presentation of astronomical data among catalogs, and to increase storage efficiency are given. Various checks which are often made to insure internal consistency and for comparison with published versions are identified and the importance of permanently archiving astronomical data in the best possible condition is emphasized.

Warren, W. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Cardiovascular Deconditioning

Spaceflight causes adaptive changes in cardiovascular function that may deleteriously affect crew health and safety. Over the last three decades, symptoms of cardiovascular changes have ranged from postflight orthostatic tachycardia and decreased exercise capacity to serious cardiac rhythm disturbances during extravehicular activities (EVA). The most documented symptom of cardiovascular dysfunction, postflight orthostatic intolerance, has affected a significant percentage of U.S. Space Shuttle astronauts. Problems of cardiovascular dysfunction associated with spaceflight are a concern to NASA. This has been particularly true during Shuttle flights where the primary concern is the crew's physical health, including the pilot's ability to land the Orbiter, and the crew's ability to quickly egress and move to safety should a dangerous condition arise. The study of astronauts during Shuttle activities is inherently more difficult than most human research. Consequently, sample sizes have been small and results have lacked consistency. Before the Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project (EDOMP), there was a lack of normative data on changes in cardiovascular parameters during and after spaceflight. The EDOMP for the first time allowed studies on a large enough number of subjects to overcome some of these problems. There were three primary goals of the Cardiovascular EDOMP studies. The first was to establish, through descriptive studies, a normative data base of cardiovascular changes attributable to spaceflight. The second goal was to determine mechanisms of cardiovascular changes resulting from spaceflight (particularly orthostatic hypotension and cardiac rhythm disturbances). The third was to evaluate possible countermeasures. The Cardiovascular EDOMP studies involved parallel descriptive, mechanistic, and countermeasure evaluations.

Charles, John B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Standard data systems architecture for the Space Station

Attention is given to an end-to-end Space Station Data System (SSDS) architecture which is based on internationally-recommended standards developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The proposed system uses simple modular building blocks that are recursively replicated and linked to construct essentially any desired data system configuration. The SSDS concept provides for a user-transparent data transport system which is entirely independent of the characteristics of the user data being transported, and in addition, has the flexibility to accommodate mission-induced changes in data traffic. SSDS physical elements include the following: (1) on-orbit local area networks, (2) space-to-ground, ground-to-space, and space-to-space data links, and (3) ground mission support facilities containing telemetry and telecommand data handling termini and preprocessing services.

Greenberg, E.↗