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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Design of the ECCE detector for the Electron Ion Collider

The EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) detector has been designed to address the full scope of the proposed Electron Ion Collider (EIC) physics program as presented by the National Academy of Science and provide a deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter. To accomplish this, the ECCE detector offers nearly acceptance and energy coverage along with excellent tracking and particle identification. The ECCE detector was designed to be built within the budget envelope set out by the EIC project while simultaneously managing cost and schedule risks. Finally, this detector concept has been selected to be the basis for the EIC project detector.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Centrality definition in e + A collisions at the electron–ion collider

Here, in this work, we investigate the feasibility of defining centrality in electron–ion collisions at the electron–ion collider (EIC) by examining the correlation between the impact parameter and several observables, including total energy, total transverse momentum, and total number of particles. Using the BeAGLE Monte Carlo generator, we simulate e + Au and e + Ru collisions at different energies and analyze the correlation between the impact parameter and these observables across different kinematic regions. Our findings indicate that the correlation is weak in the central rapidity region but becomes stronger in the forward and far-forward rapidity regions. However, the correlation is not sufficiently robust to allow for precise centrality determination. We conclude that defining centrality in electron–ion collisions is more challenging than in ion–ion collisions, necessitating further studies to develop a robust centrality definition for the EIC.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Flavor-violating ALPs, electron g − 2 , and the Electron-Ion Collider

We revisit the possibility that light axionlike particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavor-violating couplings could give significant contributions to the electron’s anomalous magnetic moment g e − 2 . Unlike flavor diagonal lepton-ALP couplings, which are exclusively axial, lepton-flavor-violating couplings can have arbitrary chirality. Focusing on the e − τ ALP coupling, we find that the size of the contribution to g e − 2 depends strongly on the chirality of the coupling. A significant part of the parameter space for which such a coupling can explain experimental anomalies in g e − 2 can be probed at the Electron-Ion Collider, which is uniquely sensitive to the chirality of the coupling using the polarization of the electron beam. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Illuminating all-hadronic final states with a photon: Exotic decays of the Higgs boson to four bottom quarks in vector boson fusion plus gamma at hadron colliders

We investigate the potential to detect Higgs boson decays to four bottom quarks through a pair of pseudoscalars, a final state that is predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model. For the first time, the signal sensitivity is evaluated for the final state using the vector boson fusion (VBF) production with and without an associated photon, for the Higgs at m H = 125 GeV , at hadron colliders. The signal significance is 0.5 σ to 6 σ , depending on the pseudoscalar mass m a , when setting the Higgs decay branching ratio to unity, using an integrated luminosity of 150 fb − 1 at s = 13 TeV . This corresponds to an upper limit of 0.3, on the Higgs branching ratio to four bottom quarks, with a nonobservation of the decay. We also consider several variations of selection requirements—input variables for the VBF tagging and the kinematic variables for the photon—that could help guide the design of new triggers for the Run-3 period of the LHC and for the HL-LHC. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Conformal collider physics meets LHC data

The remarkably high energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have allowed for the first measurements of the shapes and scalings of multipoint correlators of energy flow operators, ⟨ Ψ | E ( n → 1 ) E ( n → 2 ) ⋯ E ( n → k ) | Ψ ⟩ , providing new insights into the Lorentzian dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this letter, we use recent advances in effective field theory to derive a rigorous factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix, ρ = | Ψ ⟩ ⟨ Ψ | , inside high transverse momentum jets at the LHC. Using the light-ray operator product expansion, the scaling behavior of multipoint correlators can be computed from the expectation value of the twist-2 spin- J light-ray operators, O [ J ] , in this state, Tr [ ρ O [ J ] ] . We compute the light-ray density matrix at next-to-leading order, and combine this with results for the next-to-leading logarithmic scaling behavior of the correlators up to six-points, comparing with CMS open data. This theoretical accuracy allows us to resolve the quantum scaling dimensions of QCD light-ray operators inside jets at the LHC. Our factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix at the LHC completes the link between recent developments in the study of energy correlators and LHC phenomenology, opening the door to a wide variety of precision jet substructure studies. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Electron-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), designed by a BNL-TJNAF partnership, will uniquely address three profound questions about nucleons - neutrons and protons, and how they are assembled to form the nuclei of atoms: How does the mass of the nucleon arise? How does the spin of the nucleon arise? What are the emergent properties of dense systems of gluons?

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Studies of Conventional and ERL-Based Re-Circulator Electron Cooling for an Electron Ion Collider (Final Report)

The envisioned Electron Ion Collider will be comprised of a chain of accelerators, each employing electron cooling. Depending on the purpose, each accelerator will employ some form of electron cooling: conventional DC type, Energy Recovering Linac-based recirculator, or coherent electron cooling. Each electron cooling type has its own peculiarities that need to be studied, understood, and their performance optimized to maximize luminosity; these are the subjects of this project. In particular, we developed the first microscopic electron cooling modeling and simulation framework that was also benchmarked against experiment. We proved for the first time the feasibility of first principle, accurate and efficient electron cooling simulations with a minimal number of assumptions and approximations that match empirical studies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing Naturalness with Searches for Supersymmetric Higgs Partners at the Large Hadron Collider

The discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider completed the standard model of particle physics and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize. While it has been extremely successful in describing a wide variety of phenomena, the standard model cannot be the final theory of nature because it is unable to explain why the Higgs boson mass lies at the electroweak scale rather than 16 orders of magnitude larger at the Planck scale, a theoretical flaw known as the ``hierarchy problem.'' Supersymmetry is a standard model extension that could provide a natural solution to the hierarchy problem by introducing light supersymmetric Higgs partners. This proposal focused on searches that are sensitive to supersymmetric Higgs partners in data collected by the ATLAS experiment, which were carried out by the University of Illinois high-energy physics group led by PI Ben Hooberman as part of his Department of Energy Early Career Research Program award from 2017-2023. The searches were complemented by improvements to particle identification algorithms and the ATLAS trigger system that extend the sensitivity of future supersymmetry searches.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

California Bridge to the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) (Final Technical Report)

This report summarizes the activities and outcomes of DOE Grant DE-SC0022358, a traineeship program designed to prepare students for future nuclear physics research at the Electron-Ion Collider. The project leveraged the California EIC Consortium and statewide academic networks to provide immersive research experiences spanning universities and national laboratories. Participants engaged in theoretical, computational, and experimental research related to EIC physics and took part in professional meetings and collaborative research activities. The program supported student preparation for advanced study and research careers in nuclear physics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Superconducting magnets and technologies for future colliders

The implications of accelerator magnet R&D towards future colliders are reviewed and discussed. It starts with a brief overview of the present and future accelerator facilities which rely on the significant advances and innovations in key technologies. Then advances and needs for present key projects and studies are expanded on specific examples. This provides the lead to discuss the recent progress in accelerator magnet R&D and the future plans. We conclude with a summary of our view of the major development drivers and future perspectives.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The light-ray OPE and conformal colliders

We derive a nonperturbative, convergent operator product expansion (OPE) for null-integrated operators on the same null plane in a CFT. The objects appearing in the expansion are light-ray operators, whose matrix elements can be computed by the generalized Lorentzian inversion formula. For example, a product of average null energy (ANEC) operators has an expansion in the light-ray operators that appear in the stress-tensor OPE. An important application is to collider event shapes. The light-ray OPE gives a nonperturbative expansion for event shapes in special functions that we call celestial blocks. As an example, we apply the celestial block expansion to energy-energy correlators in N = 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. Using known OPE data, we find perfect agreement with previous results both at weak and strong coupling, and make new predictions at weak coupling through 4 loops (NNNLO).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Grand unification at the cosmological collider with chemical potential

We introduce a tree-level chemical potential mechanism for spin-1 particles within cosmological collider physics, allowing them to be detected in primordial non-Gaussianities for masses above the inflationary Hubble scale. We apply this mechanism to orbifold grand unification and the massive unification partners of the standard model gauge bosons. Our mechanism requires at least a pair of massive vector fields which are singlets of the standard model, a condition which is satisfied in the classic “trinification” scenario. Assuming that the gauge hierarchy problem is solved by supersymmetry, gauge coupling running points to unification partners at ~ 10$^{15}$ GeV. We show that, within high-scale inflation, chemical potential enhancement can lead to observably strong signals for trinification partners in future cosmological surveys.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Charged loops at the cosmological collider with chemical potential

Cosmological collider physics allows the detection of heavy particles at inflationary scales through their imprints on primordial non-Gaussianities. We study the chemical potential mechanism applied to a pair of charged scalars. We analytically evaluate the resulting one-loop contribution to the bispectrum, using the spectral decomposition. In this way we are able to determine the parametric dependencies for both the signal and the background. We show that a signal strength ${f}_{\text{NL}}\sim \mathcal{O}(0.01)$ can be obtained within theoretical control, potentially reachable by 21 cm tomography. As an application we consider the colored Higgs bosons in SU(5) supersymmetric orbifold grand unification with masses M ≲ 10$^{15}$ GeV.

Bodas, Arushi [Chicago U., EFI; Fermilab] (ORCID:0↗
DOE OSTI2020

Quantum Critical Higgs: from AdS 5 to colliders

We examine distinctive signatures of Quantum Critical Higgs models at the LHC and future higher energy colliders. In these models the Higgs boson is part of a conformal sector that is softly broken at a threshold scale, and generically the scaling dimension of the Higgs is larger than in the Standard Model. In particular we examine the gg → H → ZZ, gg → H → γγ, and gg → Z → H Z channels to see how the cross sections deviate from the Standard Model in the high invariant mass region. In order to perform the calculations we use 5D duals of Quantum Critical Higgs models using the AdS/CFT correspondence, with a soft wall to break the conformal symmetry.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Three-loop soft function for energetic electroweak boson production at hadron colliders

We calculate the three-loop soft function for the production of an electroweak boson (Higgs, γ , W ± , Z ) with large transverse momentum at a hadron collider. It is the first time a soft function for a three-parton process is computed at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N 3 LO). As a technical novelty, we perform the calculation in terms of forward-scattering-type loop diagrams rather than evaluating phase space integrals. Our three-loop result contains color-tripole contributions and explicitly confirms predictions on the universal infrared structure of QCD scattering amplitudes with three massless parton legs. The soft function is a central ingredient in the factorized cross section for electroweak boson production near the kinematic endpoint (threshold), where the invariant mass of the recoiling hadronic radiation is small compared to its transverse momentum. Our result is required for predictions of the near-threshold cross sections at N 3 LO and for the resummation of threshold logarithms at primed next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (N 3 LL') accuracy.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lepton-flavor-violating ALPs at the Electron-Ion Collider: a golden opportunity

Axion-like particles (ALPs) arise in a variety of theoretical contexts and can, in general, mediate flavor violating interactions and parity non-conservation. We consider lepton flavor violating ALPs with GeV scale or larger masses which may, for example, arise in composite dark sector models. We show that a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) can uncover or constrain such ALPs via processes of the type e A Z → τ A Z a, where A Z is a nucleus of charge Z and a is an ALP in the range m τ ≤ m a ≲ 20 GeV. The production of the ALP can have a large Z 2 enhancement from low Q 2 electromagnetic scattering of the electron from a heavy ion. Using the gold nucleus (Z = 79) as an example, we show that the EIC can explore e – τ flavor violation, mediated by GeV-scale ALPs, well beyond current limits. Importantly, the EIC reach for this interaction is not sensitive to the lepton-flavor conserving ALP couplings, whose possible smallness can render searches using τ decays ineffective. We also discuss how the EIC electron beam polarization can provide a powerful tool for investigating parity violating ALPs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum anomaly detection for collider physics

We explore the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) for anomaly detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we explore a semi-supervised approach in the four-lepton final state where simulations are reliable enough for a direct background prediction. This is a representative task where classification needs to be performed using small training datasets - a regime that has been suggested for a quantum advantage. We find that Classical Machine Learning (CML) benchmarks outperform standard QML algorithms and are able to automatically identify the presence of anomalous events injected into otherwise background-only datasets.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Light scalars at the cosmological collider

We study the self-energies of weakly interacting scalar fields in de Sitter space with one field much lighter than the Hubble scale. We argue that self-energies drastically simplify in this light limit. We illustrate this in theories with two scalar fields, one heavy and one light, interacting with one another through either cubic or quartic interactions. To regulate infrared divergences, we compute these self-energies in Euclidean de Sitter space and then carefully analytically continue to Lorentzian signature. In particular, we do this for the most general renormalizable theory of two scalar fields with even interactions to leading order in the coupling and the mass of the light field. These self-energies are determined by de Sitter sunset diagrams, whose analytic structure and UV divergences we derive. Even at very weak couplings, the light field can substantially change how the heavy field propagates over long distances. The light field’s existence may then be inferred from how it modifies the heavy field’s oscillatory contribution to the primordial bispectrum in the squeezed limit, i.e. its cosmological collider signal.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗