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At least 289 records · Page 16

Tuning the structural and antiferromagnetic phase transitions in UCr 2 Si 2 : Hydrostatic pressure and chemical substitution

Structural phase transitions in $\textit{f}$-electron materials have attracted sustained attention both for practical and basic science reasons, including the fact that they offer an environment to directly investigate relationships between structure and the $\textit{f}$-state. Here we present results for UCr 2 Si 2 , where structural (tetragonal → monoclinic) and antiferromagnetic phase transitions are seen at $T_S$ = 205 K and $T_N$ = 25 K, respectively. We also provide evidence for an additional second-order phase transition at $T_X$ = 280 K. We show that $T_X$, $T_S$, and $T_N$ respond in distinct ways to the application of hydrostatic pressure and Cr → Ru chemical substitution. In particular, hydrostatic compression increases the structural ordering temperature, eventually causes it to merge with $T_X$, and destroys the antiferromagnetism. In contrast, chemical substitution in the series UCr 2– x Ru x Si 2 suppresses both $T_S$ and $T_N$, causing them to approach zero temperature near $\textit{x}$ ≈ 0.16 and 0.08, respectively. The distinct $\textit{T–P}$ and ${T–x}$ phase diagrams are related to the evolution of the rigid Cr-Si and Si-Si substructures, where applied pressure semiuniformly compresses the unit cell, and Cr → Ru substitution results in uniaxial lattice compression along the tetragonal $\textit{c}$-axis and an expansion in the $\textit{ab}$-plane. These results in this work provide insights into an interesting class of strongly correlated quantum materials in which degrees of freedom associated with $\textit{f}$-electron magnetism, strong electronic correlations, and structural instabilities are readily controlled.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Spirals and skyrmions in antiferromagnetic triangular lattices

In this work, we study realizations of spirals and skyrmions in two-dimensional antiferromagnets with a triangular lattice on an inversion-symmetry-breaking substrate. As a possible material realization, we investigate the adsorption of transition-metal atoms (Cr, Mn, Fe, or Co) on a monolayer of MoS 2 , WS 2 , or WSe 2 and obtain the exchange, anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction parameters using first-principles calculations. Using energy minimization and parallel-tempering Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the magnetic phase diagrams for a wide range of interaction parameters. We find that skyrmion lattices can appear even with weak Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, but their stability is hindered by magnetic anisotropy. However, a weak easy plane magnetic anisotropy can be beneficial for stabilizing the skyrmion phase. Our results suggest that Cr/MoS 2 , Fe/MoS 2 , and Fe/WSe 2 interfaces can host spin spirals formed from the 120 degrees antiferromagnetic states. Our results further suggest that for interfaces, such as Fe/MoS 2 , the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is strong enough to drive the system into a three-sublattice skyrmion lattice in the presence of experimentally feasible external magnetic field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Probing antiferromagnetic coupling in magnetic insulator/metal heterostructures

Using depth- and element-resolved characterization, we report insights into antiferromagnetic coupling in Y 3 ⁢Fe 5 ⁢O 12 /permalloy (YIG/Py) and Y 3 ⁢Fe 5 ⁢O 12 /Co (YIG/Co) thin-film heterostructures grown on Si/SiO 2 and Gd 3⁢ Ga 5⁢ O 12 substrates. We build on recent work demonstrating antiferromagnetic coupling in polycrystalline YIG/metallic-ferromagnetic systems by characterizing differences in the structural and magnetic properties which depend on the choice of ferromagnet (Py vs Co), seed layer (with and without Pt), and substrate (Si/SiO 2 vs Gd 3 ⁢Ga 5 ⁢O 12 ). These differences in the sample structure manifest as notable changes in interface coupling sign, magnetic reversal mechanisms, magnetic depth profiles, and domain structure. Through a combination of magnetometry, polarized neutron reflectometry, and x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, a comprehensive picture of the magnetic interactions is realized, with lateral- and depth resolution at submicrometer and nanometer scales, respectively. These results confirm that both Co and Py share a preference to align antiparallel to polycrystalline YIG grown on some substrates (Si/SiO 2 and Si/SiO 2 /Pt), while coupling ferromagnetically with highly oriented YIG on (111) Gd 3⁢ Ga 5 ⁢O 12 and (110) Gd 3 ⁢Ga 5⁢ O 12 /Pt substrates. The complex interplay among magnetic interactions at the YIG/ferromagnetic interface has important implications for spintronic and magnonic devices based on this platform.

Exchange interaction↗

Magnetic phase diagram and multiple field-induced states in the intermetallic triangular-lattice antiferromagnet NdAuAl 4 Ge 2 with Ising-like spins

Geometrical frustration and the enhancement of strong quantum fluctuations in two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnets can lead to various intriguing phenomena. Here, in this work, we studied the spin-1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet NdAuAl 4 Ge 2 . Thermodynamic and transport properties, such as magnetization and specific heat together with the resistivity measurements were performed. In zero field, two successive phase transitions were observed at T N1 = 1.75 ± 0.02 and T N2 = 0.49 ± 0.02 K, respectively. Under magnetic field, XXZ-type anisotropy was revealed with the moments pointing along the easy c axis. For B∥c, multiple field-induced states were observed, and the magnetic phase diagram was established based on the specific-heat and magnetization data. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements indicate that NdAuAl 4 Ge 2 is a good metal. It is very likely that both the long-range Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions and the geometrical frustration play important roles in this case.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnetism in the rare-earth perovskite oxide TbScO 3

The rare-earth perovskite TbScO 3 has been widely used as a substrate for the growth of epitaxial ferroelectric and multiferroic thin films, while its detailed low-temperature magnetic properties were rarely reported. In this paper, we performed detailed magnetization, specific heat, and single crystal neutron scattering measurements, along with the crystalline electric field calculations to study the low-temperature magnetic properties of TbScO 3. All our results suggest the magnetic Tb 3+ has an Ising-like pseudo-doublet ground state at low temperatures. Due to the constrain of local point symmetry, these Tb 3+ Ising moments are confined in the ab plane with a tilt angle of φ=±48° to the a axis. In zero field, the system undergoes an antiferromagnetic phase transition at T N =2.53 K, and forms a G x A y noncollinear magnetic structure below T N . Here, we find the dipole-dipole interactions play an important role to determine the magnetic ground state, which are also responsible for the quasi-one-dimensional magnetism in TbScO 3 . The significant anisotropic diffuse scatterings further confirm the quasi-one-dimensional magnetism along the c axis. The magnetic phase diagram with the field along the easy b axis is well established. In addition to the G x A y antiferromagnetic state, there is an exotic field-induced phase emerged near the critical field B c ≃0.7 T, where three-dimensional magnetic order is suppressed but strong one-dimensional correlations may still exist.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnetic properties of the quasi-one-dimensional S = 1 spin chain antiferromagnet BaNi Te 2 O 7

We report a quasi-one-dimensional S=1 spin chain compound BaNiTe 2 O 7 . This magnetic system has been investigated by magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron powder diffraction. These results indicate that BaNiTe 2 O 7 develops a short-range magnetic correlation around T ~ 22K. With further cooling, an antiferromagnetic phase transition is observed at T N ~ 5.4K. Neutron powder diffraction revealed antiferromagnetic noncollinear order with a commensurate propagation vector k = (1/2,1,0). The refined magnetic moment size of Ni 2+ at 1.5 K is 1.84 μB , and its noncollinear spin texture is confirmed by first-principles calculations. In conclusion, inelastic neutron-scattering results and density functional theory calculations confirmed the quasi-one-dimensional nature of the spin systems.

1-dimensional spin chains↗

Single crystal growth, chemical defects, magnetic and transport properties of antiferromagnetic topological insulators ( Ge 1 – δ – x Mn x ) 2 Bi 2 Te 5 ( x ≤ 0.47 , 0.11 ≤ δ ≤ 0.20 )

Magnetic topological insulators provide a platform for emergent phenomena arising from the interplay between magnetism and band topology. Here we report the single crystal growth, crystal structure, magnetic and transport properties, as well as the neutron scattering studies of topological insulator series (Ge 1–δ–x Mn x ) 2 ⁢Bi 2 ⁢Te 5 (x ≤ 0.47, 0.11 ≤ δ ≤ 0.20). Upon doping up to x = 0.47, the lattice parameter c decreases by 0.8%, while the lattice parameter a remains nearly unchanged. Significant Ge vacancies and Ge/Bi site mixing are revealed via elemental analysis as well as refinements of the neutron and x-ray diffraction data, resulting in holes dominating the charge transport. At x = 0.47, below 10.8 K, a bilayer A-type antiferromagnetic ordered state emerges, featuring an ordered moment of 3.0(3) μ B /Mn at 5 K, with the c axis as the easy axis. Magnetization data unveils a much stronger effective interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange interaction and a much smaller uniaxial anisotropy compared to MnBi 2 ⁢Te 4 . We attribute the former to the shorter nearest-neighbor Mn-Mn interlayer superexchange path and the latter to the smaller ligand-field splitting in (Ge 1–δ–x ⁢Mn x ) 2 ⁢Bi 2 ⁢Te 5 . Finally, our study demonstrates that this series of materials holds promise for the investigation of the layer Hall effect and quantum metric nonlinear Hall effect.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Thermodynamic Evidence of Fermionic Behavior in the Vicinity of One-Ninth Plateau in a Kagome Antiferromagnet

The spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnets are believed to host exotic quantum entangled states. Recently, the reports of 1/9 magnetization plateau and magnetic oscillations in a kagome antiferromagnet YCu 3 ⁢(OH) 6 ⁢Br 2 ⁢[Br 𝑥 ⁢(OH) 1−𝑥 ] (YCOB) have made this material a promising candidate for experimentally realizing quantum spin liquid states. Here, we present measurements of the specific heat 𝐶 𝑝 in YCOB in high magnetic fields (up to 41.5 T) down to 0.46 K, and the 1/9 plateau feature has been confirmed. Moreover, the temperature dependence of 𝐶 𝑝 /𝑇 in the vicinity of 1/9 plateau region can be fitted by a linear in 𝑇 term which indicates the presence of a Dirac spectrum, together with a constant term, which indicates a finite density of states contributed by other spinon Fermi surfaces. Surprisingly, the constant term is highly anisotropic in the direction of the magnetic field. Additionally, we observe a double-peak feature near 30 T above the 1/9 plateau which is another hallmark of fermionic excitations in the specific heat. This combination of gapless behavior and the double-peak structure strongly suggests that the 1/9 plateau in YCOB is nontrivial and hosts fermionic quasiparticles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Non-volatile electric control of antiferromagnetic states on nanosecond timescales

Electrical manipulation of antiferromagnetic (AFM) states, a cornerstone of AFM spintronics, is a great challenge, requiring novel material platforms. Here we report the full control over AFM states by voltage pulses in the insulating Co 3 O 4 spinel well below its Néel temperature. We show that the strong linear magnetoelectric effect is fully governed by the orientation of the Néel vector. As a unique feature of Co 3 O 4 , the magnetoelectric energy can easily overcome the weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy, thus, the N´eel vector can be manipulated on demand, either rotated smoothly or reversed suddenly, by combined electric and magnetic fields. We achieve the non-volatile switching within a few tens of nanoseconds between time-reversed AFM states in macroscopic volumes by voltage pulses. These observations render quasi-cubic antiferromagnets, like Co 3 O 4 , an ideal platform for the ultrafast (pico- to nanosecond) manipulation of microscopic AFM domains and may pave the way for the realization of AFM spintronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Electric field control of magnon spin currents in an antiferromagnetic insulator

Pure spin currents can be generated via thermal excitations of magnons. These magnon spin currents serve as carriers of information in insulating materials, and controlling them using electrical means may enable energy efficient information processing. Here, we demonstrate electric field control of magnon spin currents in the antiferromagnetic insulator Cr 2 O 3 . We show that the thermally driven magnon spin currents reveal a spin-flop transition in thin-film Cr 2 O 3 . Crucially, this spin-flop can be turned on or off by applying an electric field across the thickness of the film. Using this tunability, we demonstrate electric field–induced switching of the polarization of magnon spin currents by varying only a gate voltage while at a fixed magnetic field. We propose a model considering an electric field–dependent spin-flop transition, arising from a change in sublattice magnetizations via a magnetoelectric coupling. These results provide a different approach toward controlling magnon spin current in antiferromagnets.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Spin-flop Phase in a Honeycomb Antiferromagnet Mn 0.84 Mg 0.16 TiO 3

The spin-flop phase of a honeycomb antiferromagnet of Mn 0.84 Mg 0.16 TiO 3 has been studied under magnetic field along normal direction to the honeycomb plane by neutron scattering. With increasing a magnetic field from 0 to 5 T, the inelastic scattering intensity increased by 1.5 times at (1 0 0), where the magnetic structure was found to be collinear-antiferromagnet with the spin parallel to [1 1 0] direction. The spin direction is consistent with a 1.5 times increase of the inelastic intensity. Furthermore, the negligible energy difference between K and K' points suggests small values for both Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and bond-dependent symmetric anisotropic exchange interaction in this material.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O(x)

Positive-muon spin-rotation and -relaxation measurements of the oxygen-deficient perovskite YBa2Cu3O(x) have revealed local antiferromagnetic order for x = 6.0-6.4 with a Neel temperature TN that decreases rapidly with increasing oxygen content x. For slowly annealed samples with x = 6.35-6.5 the superconducting transition temperature Tc increases smoothly with x from 25 K at x = 6.348 to 60 K at x = 6.507. Two such samples with x = 6.348 and x = 6.400 appear to 'switch' from superconductivity to antiferromagnetic order at lower temperatures.

Brewer, J. H.↗

Antiferromagnetic Interlayer Exchange Coupling in All-Semiconducting EuS/PbS/EuS Trilayers

A comprehensive experimental study on the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in high quality epitaxial all-semiconducting EuSPbSEuS trilayers is reported. The influence of substrates, the thickness of the non-magnetic PbS spacer layer, and of temperature, was investigated by means of SQUID magnetometry. In trilayers with a PbS thickness between 4 and 12 deg A the low temperature hysteresis loops showed the signature of antiferromagnetic coupling. The value of the interlayer exchange coupling energy was determined by simulating the data with a modified Stoner model, including Zeeman, anisotropy, and exchange coupling energies. An important observation was of a strong dependence of the interlayer exchange coupling energy on temperature, consistent with a power law dependence of the exchange coupling constant on the saturation magnetization of the EuS layers. While no theoretical description is readily available, we conjecture that the observed behavior is due to a dependence of the interlayer exchange coupling energy on the exchange splitting of the EuS conduction band.

Smits, C. J. P.↗

First-order antiferromagnetic transitions of SrMn 2 P 2 and CaMn 2 P 2 single crystals containing corrugated-honeycomb Mn sublattices

Significance With rare exceptions, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in zero magnetic field is thermodynamically of second order where the thermal-average magnetic moments of the magnetic atoms (ordered moments) vary continuously on cooling through the AFM ordering temperature T N with no latent heat at the transition. Such materials include the AFM pnictides CaMn 2 As 2 , SrMn 2 As 2 , CaMn 2 Sb 2 , SrMn 2 Sb 2 , and CaMn 2 Bi 2 . Here we demonstrate that the closely related SrMn 2 P 2 and CaMn 2 P 2 insulators instead exhibit first-order AFM transitions at T N = 53 and 70 K, respectively, where the heat capacity exhibits a latent heat at T N . The mechanism causing these first-order transitions remains to be explained, but its understanding may lead to the development of novel magnetic materials of technological interest.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Antiferromagnetic domain switching modulated by an ultrathin Co interlayer in the Fe/Co/CoO/MgO(001) system

Using a combination of hysteresis loop, Kerr microscope, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, in this study we investigated the antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain switching process modulated by the sub-nm thick Co inserting layer in a single crystalline Fe/Co/CoO/MgO(001). The CoO AFM domain switching occurs at lower temperature for the thicker Co interlayer, and the activation energy barrier of CoO AFM domain switching decreases as the Co interlayer thickness increases. The exchange coupling strength between the AFM spins in CoO layer and the ferromagnetic spins in the Fe/Co bilayer is found to be independent of the Co layer thickness. Our results suggest an approach to modulate the dynamic properties of AFM domains with an interfacial modification.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Insulating antiferromagnetism in VTe

Here, we report a detailed theoretical and experimental study on the vanadium monotelluride VTe, which crystallizes in the NiAs hexagonal structure. First-principles calculations reveal a complex hierarchy of magnetic interactions and energy scales, with the ground state theoretically determined as an ($\frac{1}{2}$, 0, $\frac{1}{2}$) antiferromagnetic ordering with insulating character and a band gap of 0.5 eV. Experimental synthesis and characterization efforts find a substantially off-stoichiometric orthorhombic structure (a defect NiAs structure) with composition V 0.85 Te, and an apparent Néel point of some 45 K. First-principles calculations find good agreement with the observed Néel point. We also give an extended examination of the effects of off-stoichiometry on the calculated energetics, finding significant volume-related effects. Our first-principles calculations find the stoichiometric phase VTe to have a negative vanadium defect formation energy of over 1 eV, thus explaining the formation of the off-stoichiometric phase. Finally, we provide a structural explanation for the formation of defect structures in this and numerous other NiAs-structure materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Discovery of an Intrinsic Antiferromagnetic Semiconductor EuSc 2 Te 4 With Magnetism‐Driven Nonlinear Transport

Magnetic topological materials have recently emerged as a promising platform for studying quantum geometry by the nonlinear transport in thin film devices. In this work, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor EuSc₂Te₄ as the first bulk crystal that exhibits quantum geometry-driven nonlinear transport is reported. This material crystallizes into an orthorhombic lattice with AFM order below 5.2 K and a bandgap of less than 50 meV. The calculated band structure aligns with the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy spectrum. The AFM order preserves combined space-time inversion symmetry but breaks both spatial inversion and time-reversal symmetry, leading to the nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE). Nonlinear Hall voltage measured in bulk crystals appears at zero field, peaks near the spin-flop transition as the field increases, and then diminishes as the spin moments align into a ferromagnetic order. This field dependence, along with the scaling analysis of the nonlinear Hall conductivity, suggests that the NLHE of EuSc₂Te₄ involves contributions from quantum metric, in addition to extrinsic contributions, such as spin scattering and junction effects. Furthermore, this NLHE is found to have the functionality of broadband frequency mixing, indicating its potential applications in electronics. This work reveals a new avenue for studying magnetism-induced nonlinear transport in magnetic materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Deconstruction of the Anisotropic Magnetic Interactions from Spin‐Entangled Optical Excitations in van der Waals Antiferromagnets

Magneto-optical excitations in antiferromagnetic d systems can originate from a multiplicity of light-spin and spin-spin interactions, as the light and spin degrees of freedom can be entangled. This is exemplified in van der Waals systems with attendant strong anisotropy between in-plane and out-of-plane directions, such as MnPS 3 and NiPS 3 films studied here. The rich interplay between the magnetic ordering and sub-bandgap optical transitions poses a challenge to resolve the mechanisms driving spin-entangled optical transitions, as well as the single-particle bandgap itself. Here, a high-fidelity ab initio theory is applied to find a realistic estimation of the bandgap by elucidating the atom- and orbital-resolved contributions to the fundamental sub-bands. It is further demonstrated that the spin-entangled excitations, observable as photoluminescence and absorption resonances, originate from an on-site spin-flip transition confined to a magnetic atom (Mn or Ni). The evolution of the spin-flip transition in a magnetic field is used to deduce the effective exchange coupling and anisotropy constants.

2D materials↗