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At least 289 records · Page 16

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NASA NTRS1988

Cloud field classification based upon high spatial resolution textural features. I - Gray level co-occurrence matrix approach

Stratocumulus, cumulus, and cirrus clouds were identified on the basis of cloud textural features which were derived from a single high-resolution Landsat MSS NIR channel using a stepwise linear discriminant analysis. It is shown that, using this method, it is possible to distinguish high cirrus clouds from low clouds with high accuracy on the basis of spatial brightness patterns. The largest probability of misclassification is associated with confusion between the stratocumulus breakup regions and the fair-weather cumulus.

Welch, R. M.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Crack growth resistance of textured alumina

The crack growth resistance of a textured, extruded alumina body was compared with that of anisotropic, isopressed body of similar grain size, density, and chemistry. R-curve levels reflected the preferred orientation; however, R-curve slopes were the same in all instances, implying a similar crack growth-resistive mechanism. Three orthogonal orientations of crack growth in the two structures exhibited similar forms of K(IR) versus Delta-a curves, for which a schematic diagram for polycrystalline ceramics is proposed.

Salem, Jonathan A.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Methods for the mineralogical and textural analysis of comet nucleus samples

The objectives and instrumental requirements of a petrographic analysis of porous comet nucleus material are reviewed. Assumptions about its composition and texture, and the available techniques for the microscopic analysis of comet analogue material are investigated. New techniques required for the petrographic investigation of natural and artificial comet nucleus samples are also considered.

Stoeffler, D.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Detecting perceptual groupings in textures by continuity considerations

A generalization is presented for the second derivative of a Gaussian D(sup 2)G operator to apply to problems of perceptual organization involving textures. Extensions to other problems of perceptual organization are evident and a new research direction can be established. The technique presented is theoretically pleasing since it has the potential of unifying the entire area of image segmentation under the mathematical notion of continuity and presents a single algorithm to form perceptual groupings where many algorithms existed previously. The eventual impact on both the approach and technique of image processing segmentation operations could be significant.

Greene, Richard J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Arc-textured high emittance radiator surfaces

High emittance radiator surfaces are produced by arc-texturing. This process produces such a surface on a metal by scanning it with a low voltage electric arc from a carbon electrode in an inert environment.

Banks, Bruce A.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Performance of two texture-based classifiers of cloud fields using spatially averaged Landsat data

Using the gray-level difference vector approach, classification accuracies with 1/8-km spatial-resolution data are similar to those obtained using the full spatial-resolution features. Hence no advantage is to be gained in cloud classification accuracies by using even higher spatial resolutions obtained from Landsat TM or SPOT imagery. The optimum spatial resolution is 1/4 km. However, significant improvement in cloud-classification accuracy compared to that available from the 1-km resolution of AVHRR and GOES imagery is obtained using 1/2-km-resolution data. Cirrus-classification accuracy is especially compromised as spatial resolution is degraded. However, texture measures defined at the combination of pixel separations d = 1,4 improve classification accuracies by several percent, even for 1-km spatial-resolution data. Cirrus-classification accuracy is significantly improved by the use of multiple distance features.

Sengupta, S. K.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Ultrasonic imaging of textured alumina

Ultrasonic images representing the bulk attenuation and velocity of a set of alumina samples were obtained by a pulse-echo contact scanning technique. The samples were taken from larger bodies that were chemically similar but were processed by extrusion or isostatic processing. The crack growth resistance and fracture toughness of the larger bodies were found to vary with processing method and test orientation. The results presented here demonstrate that differences in texture that contribute to variations in structural performance can be revealed by analytic ultrasonic techniques.

Stang, D. B.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Comparison between the magnetic and transport critical current densities in high critical current density melt-textured yttrium barium copper-oxide

Using a recently developed pulsed critical current density (Jc) measuring system, the Jc of the high-Jc melt-textured YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) (Y123) bulk samples has been determined. I-V curves with a voltage resolution of 0.5 microV were obtained, and transport Jc's along the a-b plane as high as 7.2 x 10 to the 4th A/sq cm were extracted. These results are comparable to the values obtained magnetically. On the other hand, transport Jc along the c axis were found to be two orders of magnitude smaller, even though the magnetic Jc along the c axis is only about five times smaller than Jc along the a-b plane. It is suggested that for the high-temperature superconducting materials which are highly anisotropic, caution should be taken when using the nontransport magnetic methods to determine Jc.

Gao, L.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Cosmological texture is incompatible with Planck-scale physics

Nambu-Goldstone modes are sensitive to the effects of physics at energies comparable to the scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We show that as a consequence of this the global texture proposal for structure formation requires rather severe assumptions about the nature of physics at the Planck scale.

Holman, Richard↗

NASA NTRS1992

Soil texture and granulometry at the surface of Mars

The microtexture of the near-surface Martian soil was sensed with three diagnostic parameters: (1) the albedo A at normal incidence and phase angle 5 degrees, which relates to the composition of the top surface exposed layer; (2) the polarization parameter b characterizes the texture of the top surface layer in terms of grain size; and (3) the thermal inertia parameter I which refers to the soil compaction through the first few decimeters below the top surface sensed by polarimetry, in terms of size for the pieces making a granular regolith. Parameter b was derived from instrument VPM on board the Soviet spacecraft MARS-5, inertial I is from IRTM on the American Viking, and albedo A from both. The polarimetric scans racked strips covering two contrasted regions, the dark hued Mare Erythraeum, and the adjacent bright orange Thaumasia. Erythraem is characterized everywhere by a same type of terrain, despite the large geomorphological diversity of the surface. There is an ubiquitous coating or mantling with small dark grains, of both albedo 12.7 percent and particle size 10 to 20 microns, above a subsurface dislocation in pieces around 300 to 600 microns. A simple model is with sand-size particles completely coated with 15 micron dark grains.

Dollfus, A.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Cloud classification in polar regions using AVHRR textural and spectral signatures

Arctic clouds and ice-covered surfaces are classified on the basis of textural and spectral features obtained with AVHRR 1.1-km spatial resolution imagery over the Beaufort Sea during May-October, 1989. Scenes were acquired about every 5 days, for a total of 38 cases. A list comprising 20 arctic-surface and cloud classes is compiled using spectral measures defined by Garand (1988).

Welch, R. M.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Textural constraints on effusive silicic volcanism - Beyond the permeable foam model

The paper reports textural observations and presents isotopic evidence from active and recent silicic lava flows which show that at least some vesiculation occurs during surface advance of extrusions, after magma has reached the earth's surface. This view is in contrast to the widely promoted 'permeable foam' model, which states that all volatiles escape during ascent of the magma, and that all dense glassy material in lava flows forms from the collapse of pumiceous lava, i.e., that silicic lavas emerge as highly inflated foam flows. The permeable foam model also implies the unlikely requirement that explosive-to-effusive transitions be associated with an increase in the eruption rate. A more comprehensive model for the emplacement of silicic extrusions that allows for early gas loss during ascent, as well as late-stage vesiculation, is presented. The way in which the redistribution of volatiles during surface flow can increase explosive hazards from silicic lavas days, weeks, or months after the lava emerges from the event is discussed.

Fink, Jonathan H.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Statistical Approach To Determination Of Texture In SAR

Paper presents statistical approach to analysis of texture in synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) images. Objective: to extract intrinsic spatial variability of distributed target from overall spatial variability of SAR image.

Rignot, Eric J.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Texturing of InP surfaces for device applications

A unique process for texturing InP (100) wafers by anisotropic etching was developed. The process produces irregular V-grooves on the surface, which reduce the surface reflectivity. The process does not require photolithography or masking. The etching characteristics depend on doping, with etching tending to proceed more rapidly on the more heavily doped samples. Reduced reflectivity surfaces formed using this process can be applied to solar cells, photodetectors, and other optoelectronic devices.

Bailey, Sheila G.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Magnetic hysteresis of p(+) and He-3(2+) irradiated melt-textured YBa2Cu3O(7-delta)

We have measured the magnetic hysteresis loops and temperature dependent trapped fields in melt-textured YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) samples before and after p(+) and He-3(2+) irradiation using a Hall effect magnetometer (HEM) as well as a commercial vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). For proper He-3(2+) fluence, the critical current density may be enhanced by a factor of 10. Calculations based on various critical state models show that before the irradiation, the hysteresis loops can be well accounted for by a critical current density of a modified power law field dependence. After the irradiation, the best fit has been achieved by using an exponential form. Jc and its field dependence deduced from HEM hysteresis loops are in good agreement with those deduced from the VSM loops, suggesting that the Hall effect magnetometer can be conveniently used to characterize bulk high Tc oxide superconductors.

Song, S. N.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Textural constraints on the formation of alteration phases in CM chondrites

Although it is generally believed that the secondary alteration phases observed in CM chondrites resulted from parent body reactions, the influence of nebular processing can not yet be dismissed. We have analyzed 5 CM falls using optical and electron microscopy to construct a comprehensive pictorial reference set of textural and mineralogical associations bearing on the origin of alteration products in these meteorites. Our analyses support pervasive aqueous alteration on the CM parent body, but they do not exclude the possibility of minor nebular alteration.

Joseph, L. H.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Application of the Semivariogram Textural Classifier (STC) to SIR-B data of Borneo

This paper presents the results of an application of the semivariogram textural classifier to SIR-B data. Ford and Casey (1988) performed a visual interpretation of a SIR-B image of a tropical rain forest in Borneo in which they recognized and mapped three units of forest canopy (coastal lowland forest, tidal forest and swamp) and two units of open areas (clearcut and wetland). In this study the same image is classified using the STC in an attempt to emulate their interpretation.

Miranda, F. P.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Textural variability of ordinary chondrite chondrules: Implications of their formation

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microprobe examination of the Raguli H3-4, Saratov L3, and Fucbin L5-6 ordinary chondrites and the analysis of preexisted data on other meteorites have shown that the variety of textural types of chondrules depends on the chemical composition of the chondrules. The comparison of bulk-rock chemistries of the chondrules by major components demonstrates that they apparently fall, like basic-ultrabasic rock, into groups of dunitic and pyroxenitic composition. This separation is further validated by the character of zoning in chondrules of the intermediate, peridotitic type. The effect is vividly demonstrated by the 'chondrule-in-chondrule' structure.

Zinovieva, N. G.↗