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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Strain-stabilized interfacial polarization tunes work function over 1 eV in RuO 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures

Interfacial polarization – charge accumulation at the heterointerface – is a well-established tool in semiconductors, but its influence in metals remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that interfacial polarization can robustly modulate surface work function in metallic rutile RuO 2 layers in epitaxial RuO 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Using multislice electron ptychography, we directly visualize polar displacements of transition metal ions relative to oxygen octahedra near the interface, despite the conductive nature of RuO 2 . This interfacial polarization enables over 1 eV modulation of the RuO 2 work function, controlled by small thickness variations (2-3 nm), as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy, with a critical thickness of ~4 nm – corresponding to the transition from fully-strained to relaxed film. These results establish interfacial polarization as a powerful route to control electronic properties in metals and have implications for designing tunable electronic, catalytic, and quantum devices through interfacial control in polar metallic systems.

Electronic properties and materials↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spin-singlet topological superconductivity in the attractive Rashba-Hubbard model

Fully gapped, spin-singlet superconductors with antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling in a Zeeman magnetic field provide a promising route to realize superconducting states with non-Abelian topological order and therefore fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we use a quantum Monte Carlo dynamical cluster approximation to study the superconducting properties of a doped two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model with Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a Zeeman magnetic field. We generally find that the Rashba coupling has a beneficial effect towards s-wave superconductivity. In the presence of a finite Zeeman field, when superconductivity is suppressed by Pauli pair breaking, the Rashba coupling counteracts the spin imbalance created by the Zeeman field by mixing the spins, and thus restores superconductivity at finite temperatures. Further, we show that this favorable effect of the spin-orbit coupling is traced to a spin-flip driven enhancement of the amplitude for the propagation of a pair of electrons in time-reversed states. Moreover, by inspecting the Fermi surface of the interacting model, we show that for sufficiently large Rashba coupling and Zeeman field, the superconducting state is expected to be topologically nontrivial.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Application of wideband pulsed high-frequency EPR to molecular quantum spin science

This presentation provides an overview of a range of new applications in the area of molecular quantum spin science that are now possible at the US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory as a result of the development of a wideband, high-power 94 GHz pulsed EPR spectrometer. Here, this instrument allows true Fourier-transform detected experiments spanning a 1 GHz instantaneous bandwidth, akin to what has been possible in NMR for several decades. The presentation will begin by describing experiments on a nitroxide radical using chirped pulses, enabling acquisition of the full spectrum in a single sequence, thus providing a very efficient and convenient means to measure the field orientation dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time, T 1 . This will be followed by a discussion of a coherent population transfer protocol involving the 2S + 1 = 8 Zeeman levels associated with the spin S = 7/2 Gd 3+ ion, potentially paving the way towards implementation of well-known quantum search algorithms. It will also be shown how the use of chirped pulses provides a route to achieving highly non-thermal spin populations, suggesting novel initialization schemes.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optical readout of singlet fission biexcitons in a heteroacene with photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance

Molecular spin systems based on photoexcited triplet pairs formed via singlet fission (SF) are attractive as carriers of quantum information because of their potentially pure and controllable spin polarization, but developing systems that offer optical routes to readout as well as initialization is challenging. Herein, we characterize the electron spin magnetic resonance change in the photoluminescence intensity for a tailored organic molecular crystal while sweeping a microwave drive up to 10 GHz in a broadband loop structure. We observe resonant transitions for both triplet and quintet spin sublevel populations showing their optical sensitivity and revealing the zero-field parameters for each. We map the evolution of these spectra in both microwave frequency and magnetic field, producing a pattern of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) peaks. Fits to these data using a suitable model suggest significant spin polarization in this system with orientation selectivity. Unusual excitation intensity dependence is also observed, which inverts the sign of the ODMR signal for the triplet features, but not for the quintet. These observations demonstrate optical detection of the spin sublevel population dictated by SF and intermolecular geometry, and highlight anisotropic and multi-scale dynamics of triplet pairs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Polarization-entangled source for flex-grid C+L-band quantum networks

We demonstrate an ultrabroadband polarization-entangled source integrating both C- and L-band wavelength-selective switches for spectral routing and allocation in a single fiberized setup, verifying high fidelity through tomography of all 150 pairs of 25 GHz-wide channels.

Alshowkan, Muneer↗
DOE OSTI2018

Stretchable Nanolasing from Hybrid Quadrupole Plasmons

This paper reports a robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. Increasing the size of metal nanoparticles in an array can introduce ultra-sharp lattice plasmon resonances with out-of-plane charge oscillations that are tolerant to lateral strain. By patterning these nanoparticles onto an elastomeric slab surrounded by liquid gain, we realized reversible, tunable nanolasing with high strain sensitivity and no hysteresis. Furthermore, our semi-quantum modeling demonstrates that lasing build-up occurs at the hybrid quadrupole electromagnetic hot spots, which provides a route towards mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ultrafast narrowband exciton routing within layered perovskite nanoplatelets enables low-loss luminescent solar concentrators

In luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) systems, broadband solar energy is absorbed, down-converted and waveguided to the panel edges where peripheral photovoltaic cells convert the concentrated light to electricity. Achieving a low-loss LSC requires reducing the reabsorption of emitted light within the absorbing medium while maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here we employ layered hybrid metal halide perovskites—ensembles of two-dimensional perovskite domains—to fabricate low-loss large-area LSCs that fulfil this requirement. Here, we devised a facile synthetic route to obtain layered perovskite nanoplatelets (PNPLs) that possess a tunable number of layers within each platelet. Efficient ultrafast non-radiative exciton routing within each PNPL (0.1 ps –1 ) produces a large Stokes shift and a high PLQY simultaneously. Using this approach, we achieve an optical quantum efficiency of 26% and an internal concentration factor of 3.3 for LSCs with an area of 10 × 10 cm 2 , which represents a fourfold enhancement over the best previously reported perovskite LSCs.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

En route to Background Independence: Broken split-symmetry, and how to restore it with bi-metric average actions

The most momentous requirement a quantum theory of gravity must satisfy is Background Independence, necessitating in particular an ab initio derivation of the arena all non-gravitational physics takes place in, namely spacetime. Using the background field technique, this requirement translates into the condition of an unbroken split-symmetry connecting the (quantized) metric fluctuations to the (classical) background metric. If the regularization scheme used violates split-symmetry during the quantization process it is mandatory to restore it in the end at the level of observable physics. In this paper we present a detailed investigation of split-symmetry breaking and restoration within the Effective Average Action (EAA) approach to Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) with a special emphasis on the Asymptotic Safety conjecture. In particular we demonstrate for the first time in a non-trivial setting that the two key requirements of Background Independence and Asymptotic Safety can be satisfied simultaneously. Carefully disentangling fluctuation and background fields, we employ a ‘bi-metric’ ansatz for the EAA and project the flow generated by its functional renormalization group equation on a truncated theory space spanned by two separate Einstein–Hilbert actions for the dynamical and the background metric, respectively. A new powerful method is used to derive the corresponding renormalization group (RG) equations for the Newton- and cosmological constant, both in the dynamical and the background sector. We classify and analyze their solutions in detail, determine their fixed point structure, and identify an attractor mechanism which turns out instrumental in the split-symmetry restoration. We show that there exists a subset of RG trajectories which are both asymptotically safe and split-symmetry restoring: In the ultraviolet they emanate from a non-Gaussian fixed point, and in the infrared they loose all symmetry violating contributions inflicted on them by the non-invariant functional RG equation. As an application, we compute the scale dependent spectral dimension which governs the fractal properties of the effective QEG spacetimes at the bi-metric level. Earlier tests of the Asymptotic Safety conjecture almost exclusively employed ‘single-metric truncations’ which are blind towards the difference between quantum and background fields. We explore in detail under which conditions they can be reliable, and we discuss how the single-metric based picture of Asymptotic Safety needs to be revised in the light of the new results. We shall conclude that the next generation of truncations for quantitatively precise predictions (of critical exponents, for instance) is bound to be of the bi-metric type. - Highlights: • The Asymptotic Safety scenario in quantum gravity is explored. • A bi-metric generalization of the Einstein–Hilbert truncation is investigated. • We find that Background Independence can coexist with Asymptotic Safety. • RG trajectories restoring (background-quantum) split-symmetry are constructed. • The degree of validity of single-metric truncations is critically assessed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Realization of an all optical exciton-polariton router

We report on the experimental realization of an all optical router for exciton-polaritons. This device is based on the design proposed by Flayac and Savenko [Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 201105 (2013)], in which a zero-dimensional island is connected through tunnel barriers to two periodically modulated wires of different periods. Selective transmission of polaritons injected in the island, into either of the two wires, is achieved by tuning the energy of the island state across the band structure of the modulated wires. We demonstrate routing of ps polariton pulses using an optical control beam which controls the energy of the island quantum states, thanks to polariton-exciton interactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Derivation of instanton rate theory from first principles

Instanton rate theory is used to study tunneling events in a wide range of systems including low-temperature chemical reactions. Despite many successful applications, the method has never been obtained from first principles, relying instead on the “Im F” premise. In this paper, the same expression for the rate of barrier penetration at finite temperature is rederived from quantum scattering theory [W. H. Miller, S. D. Schwartz, and J. W. Tromp, J. Chem. Phys. 79, 4889 (1983)] using a semiclassical Green’s function formalism. This justifies the instanton approach and provides a route to deriving the rate of other processes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Solid-state platform for cooperative quantum dynamics driven by correlated emission

While traditionally regarded as an obstacle to quantum coherence, recent breakthroughs in quantum optics have shown that the dissipative interaction of a qubit with its environment can be leveraged to protect quantum states and synthesize many-body entanglement. Inspired by this progress, here we set the stage for the—as yet uncharted—exploration of analogous cooperative phenomena in hybrid solid-state platforms. We develop a comprehensive formalism for the quantum many-body dynamics of an ensemble of solid-state spin defects interacting with the magnetic field fluctuations of a common solid-state reservoir. Our framework applies to any solid-state reservoir whose fluctuating spin, pseudospin, or charge degrees of freedom generate magnetic fields. To understand whether correlations induced by dissipative processes can play a relevant role in a realistic experimental setup, we apply our model to a qubit array interacting via the spin fluctuations of a ferromagnetic bath. Our results show that the low-temperature collective relaxation rates of the qubit ensemble can display clear signatures of super- and subradiance, i.e., forms of cooperative dynamics traditionally achieved in atomic ensembles. We find that the solid-state analog of these cooperative phenomena is robust against spatial disorder in the qubit ensemble and thermal fluctuations of the magnetic reservoir, providing a route for their feasibility in near-term experiments. Finally, our work lays the foundation for a multiqubit approach to quantum sensing of solid-state systems and the direct generation of many-body entanglement in spin-defect ensembles. Furthermore, we discuss how the tunability of solid-state reservoirs opens up novel pathways for exploring cooperative phenomena in regimes beyond the reach of conventional quantum optics setups.

NV centers↗
DOE OSTI2021

A snapshot review—Fluctuations in quantum materials: from skyrmions to superconductivity

Abstract By measuring a linear response function directly, such as the dynamic susceptibility, one can understand fundamental material properties. However, a fresh perspective can be offered by studying fluctuations. This can be related back to the dynamic susceptibility through the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, which relates the fluctuations in a system to its response, an alternate route to access the physics of a material. Here, we describe a new X-ray tool for material characterization that will offer an opportunity to uncover new physics in quantum materials using this theorem. We provide details of the method and discuss the requisite analysis techniques in order to capitalize on the potential to explore an uncharted region of phase space. This is followed by recent results on a topological chiral magnet, together with a discussion of current work in progress. We provide a perspective on future measurements planned for work in unconventional superconductivity. Graphical abstract We describe a new X-ray tool for material characterization that will offer an opportunity to uncover new physics in quantum materials using coherent, short-pulsed X-rays. We provide details of the method and discuss the requisite analysis techniques in order to capitalize on the potential to explore an uncharted region of phase space. This is followed by recent results on a topological chiral magnet, together with a discussion of current work in progress. We provide a perspective on future measurements planned for work in unconventional superconductivity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Two-component exciton condensates in an electron–hole bilayer

Macroscopic quantum coherence emerges when bosons condense into a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). Excitons are a long-sought solid-state route to high-temperature BECs with strong interactions, electrical tunability and potentially multicomponent spinor order, but conclusive evidence for equilibrium condensation has remained elusive. Here we report evidence for two-component exciton BECs in MoSe 2 /hBN/WSe 2 electron–hole bilayers by probing the spin–valley susceptibility of constituent electrons and holes. This heterostructure hosts equilibrium exciton fluids with four spin–valley flavours. Magneto-optical spectroscopy in a dilution refrigerator reveals three exciton condensate phases with distinct flavour polarizations. At zero magnetic field, the many-body ground state is a coherent superposition of two condensed intravalley exciton flavours. Under a magnetic field, the intravalley exciton condensate first switches to a two-component intervalley condensate through a first-order quantum phase transition at a weak critical field and then turns into a fully polarized single-component condensate at high fields. The condensate signatures form a dome in density–temperature space, persisting up to approximately 1.8 K. Our results establish van der Waals electron–hole bilayers as a versatile platform for strongly interacting, multicomponent exciton BECs.

Qi, Ruishi [University of California, Berkeley, CA↗
DOE OSTI2013

Spatial structure of a collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate

The spatial structure of a collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice is studied. A spatially dependent current with an explicit analytic expression is found in the case with a spatially dependent BEC phase. The oscillating amplitude of the current can be adjusted by a Feshbach resonance, and the intensity of the current depends heavily on the initial and boundary conditions. Increasing the oscillating amplitude of the current can force the system to pass from a single-periodic spatial structure into a very complex state. But in the case with a constant phase, the spatially dependent current disappears and the Melnikov chaotic criterion is obtained via a perturbative analysis in the presence of a weak optical lattice potential. Numerical simulations show that a strong optical lattice potential can lead BEC atoms to a state with a chaotic spatial distribution via a quasiperiodic route.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Proximity Effects and Topological Spin Currents in van der Waals Heterostructures (Final Report)

The major goal of this grant has been to study spin-polarized topological edge states. The original proposal was focused specifically on those of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, which was proposed to be realizable via a (simultaneous) magnetic and spin-orbit proximity effect in graphene. En route to realizing the QAH effect, the goal was also to study the newly-discovered 2D magnetic insulators, which have finally been isolated in the single-to-few atomic layers from compounds whose bulk properties have known since the 1970s, and the extent to which magnetic effects could be seen in graphene via proximity coupling. Since the original proposal, the scope of the work has expanded to include study of the topological edge states of the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect and how they are modified by proximity effects and in twisted bilayers. The broader scientific context of the experiments in this proposal is to understand the physical mechanisms behind proximity effects in van der Waals heterostructures. Perhaps the ultimate scientific and technological goal of realizing topological states through proximity effects is the creation of Majorana zero modes in solid-state devices, which has been identified as a major priority in condensed-matter physics and quantum information because of the potential use of Majorana zero modes in topological quantum computing. Van der Waals materials offer advantages in this area because of the diversity of materials that can potentially be used and the unique device architectures that are possible using the van der Waals assembly techniques.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Biasing topological charge injection in topological matter

Here we explore the interplay between topologies in the momentum and real spaces to formulate a thermodynamic description of nonequilibrium injection of topological charges under external bias. We show that the edge modes engendered by the momentum-space topology can play a functional role of connecting the external reservoirs to the bulk transport of topological charges in the real space. We illustrate our general results with two examples: the spin-torque injection of skyrmions in an electrically biased integer quantum Hall system, and the vortex injection in a topological $p + ip$ superconductor coupled to heat reservoirs. Based on the universal fractional entropy of the Majorana zero modes bound to the vortices, their controllable injection proposed in this work could provide a route for creating and manipulating Majorana fermions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗