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At least 289 records · Page 16

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NASA NTRS1978

Comprehensive thermoelectric properties of n- and p-type 78a/o Si - 22a/o Ge alloy

The time and temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties on n- and p-type 78 a/o Si - 22 a/o Ge alloy are presented in detail for the range of temperatures of zero to 1000 C and operating times up to twelve years. The mechanisms responsible for the time dependence of the properties are discussed and mathematical models used in the derivation of the property values from experimental data are presented. The thermoelectric properties for each polarity type of the alloy are presented as a function of temperature for various operating times.

Raag, V.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Transport properties of monatomic carbon. II - Contributions from excited electronic states

The aim of the present analysis is to verify the conventional assumption that the transport properties of atoms and molecules in excited electronic states are nearly the same as in the ground state. Reasonably exact calculations of the transport properties of excited-state carbon atoms are obtained on the basis of available experimental and theoretical data on the interactions between carbon atoms in excited electronic states. A comparison with results obtained with several models that have been used to estimate the transport properties of excited species indicates that the assumption under consideration is correct, but that the models do not predict very accurately the transport properties of excited species.

Biolsi, L.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Free energy of formation of Mo2C and the thermodynamic properties of carbon in solid molybdenum

As part of a study of the thermodynamical properties of interstitial elements in refractory metals, the free energy of formation of Mo2C is determined, and the thermodynamical properties of C in solution in solid Mo evaluated. The activity of C in the two-phase region Mo + Mo2C is obtained from the C content of iron rods equilibrated with metal + carbide powder mixtures. The free energy of formation of alpha-Mo2C is determined from the activity data. The thermodynamic properties of C in the terminal solid solution are calculated from available data on the solid solubility of C in Mo. Lattice distortion due to misfit of the C atoms in the interstitial sites appears to play a significant role in determining the thermodynamic properties of C in solid Mo.

Seigle, L. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Thermodynamic and transport properties of air/water mixtures

Subroutine WETAIR calculates properties at nearly 1,500 K and 4,500 atmospheres. Necessary inputs are assigned values of combinations of density, pressure, temperature, and entropy. Interpolation of property tables obtains dry air and water (steam) properties, and simple mixing laws calculate properties of air/water mixture. WETAIR is used to test gas turbine engines and components operating in relatively humid air. Program is written in SFTRAN and FORTRAN.

Fessler, T. E.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Transport properties in the atmosphere of Jupiter

The computer program used to obtain transport properties for the Hulburt-Hirschfelder potential was tested. Transport properties for the C-C interaction were calculated. Rough estimates for transport properties for the important ablation species were obtained as well as estimates of transport properties for some of the species associated with photochemical smog. The results are discussed.

Biolsi, L., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Influence of excess diamine on properties of PMR polyimide resins and composites

By varying the stoichiometry of the reactants in the preparation of PMR polyimide resin, changes occur in molecular weight distribution which influence the rheological properties and thus the processability of the resin, as well as the mechanical properties of the composite. The influence of 1-10 percent molar excess MDA on the molecular weight distribution and rheological properties of an imidized PMR system were exposed. Molecular weight distribution is characterized by gel permeation chromatography of the imidized molding compound; shear viscosity is related to changes in average molecular weight. The thermo-oxidative stability at 600 F, glass transition temperature, flexural and interlaminar shear properties of PMR polyimide/Celion 6000 graphite fiber composites are compared as a function of the percent excess MDA in the monomer reactant mixture.

Hurwitz, F. I.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Dynamic properties of elastomer cartridge specimens under a rotating load

This paper presents the results of a program of analysis and test to determine the dynamic properties of elastomer cartridges operating under a rotating load. These measured properties were compared to predictions based on results of unidirectional tests with the same elastomer material. The test method for the dynamic stiffness and damping measurements was essentially the same as the Base Excitation Resonant Mass Method. The primary difference is that the exciting force used for these most recent tests was exerted by rotating unbalance in a rotational test rig rather than a shake table. The specimens tested were: two rectangular cross-section, continuous ring cartridges of different cross-section and three cylindrical button cartridges of different button thickness. Tests were performed for strains from about 0.0001 to about 0.01 (double amplitude). Material properties and prediction equations determined from reciprocating tests were used to make numerical predictions of stiffness, damping, and loss coefficient for the test elements, with encouraging results. Strain was shown to be an important parameter in determining these dynamic properties, particularly damping and loss coefficient.

Darlow, M. S.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Interactive FORTRAN IV computer programs for the thermodynamic and transport properties of selected cryogens (fluids pack)

The thermodynamic and transport properties of selected cryogens had programmed into a series of computer routines. Input variables are any two of P, rho or T in the single phase regions and either P or T for the saturated liquid or vapor state. The output is pressure, density, temperature, entropy, enthalpy for all of the fluids and in most cases specific heat capacity and speed of sound. Viscosity and thermal conductivity are also given for most of the fluids. The programs are designed for access by remote terminal; however, they have been written in a modular form to allow the user to select either specific fluids or specific properties for particular needs. The program includes properties for hydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and methane. The programs include properties for gaseous and liquid states usually from the triple point to some upper limit of pressure and temperature which varies from fluid to fluid.

Mccarty, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Tribological properties of silicon carbide in metal removal process

This paper reviews material properties of adhesion, friction and wear of single-crystal silicon carbide in contact with metals and alloys involved in a metal removal process such as grinding. The tribological properties in the metal removal processes are divided into properties which remove metal by adhesion between sliding surfaces, and metal removal by silicon carbide sliding against a metal, indenting it, and plowing a series of grooves or furrows. The paper also deals with fracture and deformation characteristics of the silicon carbide surface; the adhesion, friction and metal transfer to silicon carbide is related to the relative chemical activity of the metals. Atomic size and content of alloying elements play a dominant role in controlling adhesion and friction properties of alloys. The friction and abrasive wear decrease as the shear strength of the bulk metal increases.

Miyoshi, K.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Transport properties associated with entry into the atmosphere of Titan

In this paper the transport properties in the atmosphere of Titan and at the shock front and the probe surface for non-ablative entry into Titan's atmosphere are calculated, using the kinetic theory of gases. The species N2, H2, CH4, HCN, N, and H contribute to the transport properties under these conditions. The transport properties were calculated by using accurate potential energy curves for each of the thirteen two-body interactions which occur between these species. Results are given for the binary diffusion coefficients, the non-reactive and reactive thermal conductivity, and the viscosity from 1000 K to 8000 K. This information is needed for calculating flowfield properties and surface heating rates. The most important conclusions are that the non-reactive thermal conductivity is much larger behind the shock layer than it is in the ambient atmosphere and that the nonreactive thermal conductivity appears to be nearly constant in the shock layer.

Flori, B.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Saturnian kilometric radiation - Statistical properties and beam geometry

An adequate description of the average statistical properties of Saturn's radio emissions is needed for a study of these emissions. Data regarding these properties are presented, and the implications for source location, beaming, and magnetic surface anomalies are discussed. A description is presented of the average properties of the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) as observed from two locations by the Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy (PRA) instrument for a 2-month period centered on the November 12, 1980 encounter. An analysis of the occurrence pattern of SKR as a function of Saturn's rotation phase has shown that SKR occurrence is not continuous, but variable and roughly periodic. The statistical SKR properties obtained strongly constrain possible source locations. Several source locations are possible, but most intriguing is the region at high latitudes near the noon meridian.

Kaiser, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Mechanical properties of weldments in experimental Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti alloys for cryogenic service

Mechanical properties of weldments in two Fe-12Mn experimental alloys designed for cryogenic service were evaluated. Weldments were made using the GTA welding process. Tests to evaluate the weldments were conducted at -196 C and included: equivalent energy fracture toughness tests; autogenous transverse weld, notched transverse weld, and longitudinal weld tensile tests; and all-weld-metal tensile tests. The Fe-12Mn-0.2Ti and Fe-12Mn-1Mo-0.2Ti alloys proved weldable for cryogenic service, with weld metal and heat-affected zone properties comparable with those of the base metal. Optimum properties were achieved in the base alloys, weld metals, and heat-affected zones after a two-step heat treatment consisting of austenitizing at 900 C followed by tempering at 500 C. The Mo-containing alloy offered a marked improvement in cryogenic properties over those of the Mo-free alloy. Molybdenum increased the amount of retained austenite and reduced the amount of epsilon martensite observed in the microstructure of the two alloys.

Stephens, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Effect of processing on Polymer/Composite structure and properties

Advances in the vitality and economic health of the field of polymer forecasting are discussed. A consistent and rational point of view which considers processing as a participant in the underlying triad of relationships which comprise materials science and engineering is outlined. This triad includes processing as it influences material structure, and ultimately properties. Methods in processing structure properties, polymer science and engineering, polymer chemistry and synthesis, structure and modification and optimization through processing, and methods of melt flow modeling in processing structure property relations of polymer were developed. Mechanical properties of composites are considered, and biomedical materials research to include polymer processing effects are studied. An analysis of the design technology of advances graphite/epoxy composites is also reported.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1982

Atomization and combustion properties of flashing injectors

Flashing injection involves expanding a fluid through an injector until a supersaturated state is reached, causing a portion of the fluid to flash to a vapor. This investigation considered the flow, atomization and spreading properties of flashing injectors flowing liquids containing dissolved gases (Jet A/air) as well as superheated liquids (Freon 11). The use of a two stage expansion process, separated by an expansion chamber, was found to be beneficial for good atomization properties of flashing injection - particularly for dissolved gas systems. Both locally homogeneous and separated flow models provided good predictions of injector flow properties. Conventional correlations for drop sizes from pressure atomized and airblast injectors were successfully modified, using the separated flow model to prescribe injector exit conditions, to correlate drop size measurements. Additional experimental results are provided for spray angle and combustion properties of sprays from flashing injectors.

Solomon, A. S. P.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Effects of fiber/matrix interactions on the properties of graphite/epoxy composites

A state-of-the-art literature review of the interactions between fibers and resin within graphite epoxy composite materials was performed. Emphasis centered on: adhesion theory; wetting characteristics of carbon fiber; load transfer mechanisms; methods to evaluate and measure interfacial bond strengths; environmental influence at the interface; and the effect of the interface/interphase on composite performance, with particular attention to impact toughness. In conjunction with the literature review, efforts were made to design experiments to study the wetting behavior of carbon fibers with various finish variants and their effect on adhesion joint strength. The properties of composites with various fiber finishes were measured and compared to the base-line properties of a control. It was shown that by tailoring the interphase properties, a 30% increase in impact toughness was achieved without loss of mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures.

Mcmahon, P. E.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Interlaminar shear properties of graphite fiber, high-performance resin composites

Short beam testing was used to determine the shear properties of laminates consisting of T-300 and Celion 3000 and 6000 graphite fibers, in epoxy, hot melt and solvent bismaleimide, polyimide and polystyrylpyridine (PSP). Epoxy, composites showed the highest interlaminar shear strength, with values for all other resins being substantially lower. The dependence of interlaminar shear properties on the fiber-resin interfacial bond and on resin wetting characteristics and mechanical properties is investigated, and it is determined that the lower shear strength of the tested composites, by comparison with epoxy resin matrix composites, is due to their correspondingly lower interfacial bond strengths. An investigation of the effect of the wettability of carbon fiber tow on shear strength shows wetting variations among resins that are too small to account for the large shear strength property differences observed.

Needles, H. L.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Aviation-fuel property effects on combustion

The fuel chemical property influence on a gas turbine combustor was studied using 25 test fuels. Fuel physical properties were de-emphasized by using fuel injectors which produce highly-atomized, and hence rapidly vaporizing sprays. A substantial fuel spray characterization effort was conducted to allow selection of nozzles which assured that such sprays were achieved for all fuels. The fuels were specified to cover the following wide ranges of chemical properties: hydrogen, 9.1 to 15 (wt) pct; total aromatics, 0 to 100 (vol) pct; and naphthalene, 0 to 30 (vol) pct. standard fuels (e.g., Jet A, JP4), speciality products (e.g., decalin, xylene tower bottoms) and special fuel blends were included. The latter group included six, 4-component blends prepared to achieve parametric variations in fuel hydrogen, total aromatics and naphthalene contents. The principle influences of fuel chemical properties on the combustor behavior were reflected by the radiation, liner temperature, and exhaust smoke number (or equivalently, soot number density) data. Test results indicated that naphthalene content strongly influenced the radiative heat load while parametric variations in total aromatics did not.

Rosfjord, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Combustion gas properties of various fuels of interest to gas turbine engineers

A series of computations were made using the gas property computational schemes of Gordon and McBride to compute the gas properties and species concentration of ASTM-Jet A and dry air. The computed gas thermodynamic properties in a revised graphical format which gives information which is useful to combustion engineers is presented. A series of reports covering the properties of many fuel and air combinations will be published. The graphical presentation displays on one chart of the output of hundreds of computer sheets. The reports will contain microfiche cards, from which complete tables and graphs can be obtained. The extent of the planned effort and is documented samples of the many tables and charts that will be available on the microfiche cards are presented.

Jones, R. E.↗