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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Daily grass reference evapotranspiration with Meteosat Second Generation shortwave radiation and reference ET products

Here we assess the accuracy of estimating daily grass reference evapotranspiration (PM-ET o ) using daily shortwave radiation (R s ) and reference evapotranspiration (ET REF ) products provided by the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite delivered by the Satellite Applications Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) framework. The accuracy of using reanalysis ERA5 shortwave radiation data (R s ERA5 ) provided by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is also evaluated. The assessments were performed using observed weather variables at 37 weather stations distributed across continental Portugal, where climate conditions range from semi-arid to humid, and 12 weather stations located in Azores islands, characterized by humid, windy and often cloudy conditions. This study&#x27;s use of data from a variety of climate conditions contributed to a unique and innovative assessment of the usability of LSA-SAF and ERA5 products for ET o estimation. The first assessment focused on comparing LSA-SAF estimates of R s (R s LSA-SAF ) against ground stations (R s ground ). The results showed a good matching between the two R s data sets for continental Portugal but a tendency for R s LSA-SAF to under-estimate R s ground in the cloudy islands of Azores. ET o values computed using R s LSA-SAF data and observed temperature, humidity and wind speed (ET o LSA-SAF ) were then compared with PM-ET o estimates with ground-based data, which were used as benchmark; input data of temperature and humidity needed for PM-ET o were quality checked for surface aridity effects. It was observed that ET o LSA-SAF is strongly correlated with PM-ET o (R 2 > 0.97) for most locations in continental Portugal, with regression coefficient of a linear regression forced to the origin ranging between 0.95 and 1.05, mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.13 mm d –1 , and Nash and Sutcliff efficiency of modeling (EF) above 0.95. For most Azores locations, ET o LSA-SAF over-estimated PM-ET o . This is likely a consequence of the high spatio-temporal heterogeneity of weather conditions that occur in these oceanic islands together with the different footprints of satellite (averaged over the pixel) and station observations. Reanalysis ERA5 shortwave radiation data presented similar behavior to the LSA-SAF products, however with slightly lower accuracy. The daily LSA-SAF ET REF product (ET REF LSA-SAF ) was assessed and results have shown a good accuracy of this product, with acceptable RMSE and high EF values, for continental Portugal but a low accuracy for the Azores islands. A simplified bias correction approach was shown to improve both ET o derived from the LSA-SAF products, namely for Azores stations, which seem to be representative of smaller areas. The use of the FAO-PM temperature approach (PMT) was also assessed using the R s LSA-SAF and R s ERA5 data, which showed a superiority of the LSA-SAF product for ET o estimations (ET o PMT LSA-SAF ). No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in terms of the median value of the RMSE when adopting ET o PMT and ET REF LSA-SAF . Differently, results showed that using the R s LSA-SAF in the PMT approach (ET o PMT LSA-SAF ) produces significantly better RMSE results than ET o PMT and ET REF LSA-SAF . Overall, the performed assessment allows concluding that the use of R s LSA-SAF, and to a lesser extent the use of the R s ERA5 , highly improves the accuracy of computation of ET o when R s observations are not available, including when only temperature data are accessible. The use of the ET REF LSA-SAF product is a good alternative when observed weather data are not available.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PmHo by Materials Project

HoPm crystallizes in the hexagonal P-6m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho is bonded to six equivalent Ho and six equivalent Pm atoms to form HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra. All Ho–Ho bond lengths are 3.64 Å. All Ho–Pm bond lengths are 3.57 Å. Pm is bonded to six equivalent Ho and six equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PmPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent HoPm6Ho6 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.64 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Sc by Materials Project

Pm3Sc is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Sc atoms to form distorted PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ScPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ScPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.54–3.67 Å. There are two shorter (3.52 Å) and two longer (3.61 Å) Pm–Sc bond lengths. Sc is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form ScPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ScPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ScPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sc4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaPm3 by Materials Project

Pm3La is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent La atoms to form PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent LaPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent LaPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.67–3.73 Å. There are two shorter (3.68 Å) and two longer (3.71 Å) Pm–La bond lengths. La is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form LaPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent LaPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmLa4Pm8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Er by Materials Project

ErPm3 is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form ErPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.60 Å) and six longer (3.66 Å) Er–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Er and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.61–3.67 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YbPm3 by Materials Project

YbPm3 is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Yb is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form YbPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YbPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent YbPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.68 Å) and six longer (3.70 Å) Yb–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Yb and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent YbPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YbPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent YbPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmYb4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.64–3.75 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Pr by Materials Project

Pm3Pr is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Pr atoms to form PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PrPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PrPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PrPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.67–3.69 Å. There are two shorter (3.67 Å) and two longer (3.69 Å) Pm–Pr bond lengths. Pr is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form PrPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent PrPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PrPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Pr4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PmNd by Materials Project

PmNd is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P-6m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Nd atoms to form PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.67 Å. All Pm–Nd bond lengths are 3.69 Å. Nd is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Nd atoms to form NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent NdPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm6Nd6 cuboctahedra. All Nd–Nd bond lengths are 3.67 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CePm3 by Materials Project

Pm3Ce is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Ce atoms to form PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent CePm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent CePm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent CePm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.66 Å) and six longer (3.67 Å) Pm–Pm bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.66 Å) and two longer (3.67 Å) Pm–Ce bond lengths. Ce is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form CePm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent CePm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent CePm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmCe4Pm8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PmHf by Materials Project

PmHf crystallizes in the hexagonal P-6m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Hf atoms to form PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.37 Å. All Pm–Hf bond lengths are 3.39 Å. Hf is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Hf atoms to form HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent HfPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm6Hf6 cuboctahedra. All Hf–Hf bond lengths are 3.37 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Zr by Materials Project

Pm3Zr is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Zr atoms to form distorted PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZrPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ZrPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ZrPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.44–3.66 Å. There are two shorter (3.49 Å) and two longer (3.55 Å) Pm–Zr bond lengths. Zr is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form ZrPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZrPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ZrPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Zr4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on TbPm3 by Materials Project

TbPm3 is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tb is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form TbPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent TbPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent TbPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.64 Å) and six longer (3.65 Å) Tb–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Tb and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent TbPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent TbPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TbPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmTb4Pm8 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.64 Å) and two longer (3.66 Å) Pm–Pm bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Np by Materials Project

NpPm3 is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Np is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form NpPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NpPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent NpPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.52 Å) and six longer (3.58 Å) Np–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Np and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent NpPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NpPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NpPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Np4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.53–3.64 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Al by Materials Project

Pm3Al is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Al atoms. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.75 Å. There are two shorter (3.31 Å) and two longer (3.52 Å) Pm–Al bond lengths. Al is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form a mixture of face and corner-sharing AlPm12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Ho by Materials Project

HoPm3 is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form HoPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent HoPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent HoPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.63 Å) and six longer (3.65 Å) Ho–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Ho and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent HoPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent HoPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent HoPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Ho4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.63–3.67 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Cd by Materials Project

Pm3Cd is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Pm and four equivalent Cd atoms. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.40–3.73 Å. There are two shorter (3.41 Å) and two longer (3.57 Å) Pm–Cd bond lengths. Cd is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing CdPm12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PmPr by Materials Project

PmPr is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pm is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Pr atoms to form PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.70 Å. There are three shorter (3.70 Å) and three longer (3.71 Å) Pm–Pr bond lengths. Pr is bonded to six equivalent Pm and six equivalent Pr atoms to form PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PrPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm6Pr6 cuboctahedra. All Pr–Pr bond lengths are 3.70 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pm3Sm by Materials Project

SmPm3 is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form SmPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent SmPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent SmPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra. All Sm–Pm bond lengths are 3.66 Å. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Sm and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SmPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent SmPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent SmPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Sm4 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.66 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗