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At least 289 records · Page 16

Alpha Shape Analysis (ASA) Framework for Post- Clustering Property Determination in Atom Probe Tomographic Data

While application of clustering algorithms to atom probe tomography data have enabled quantification of solute clusters in terms of number density, size, and subcomposition there exist other properties (e.g., volume, surface area, and composition) that are better determined by defining an interface between the cluster and the surrounding matrix. The limitation in composition results from an ion selection step where the expected matrix ion types are omitted from the cluster search algorithm to enhance the contrast between the matrix and cluster and to reduce the complexity of the search. Previously, composition determination within solute clusters has utilized a secondary envelopment and erosion step on top of conventional methods such as maximum separation. In this work, we present a novel stochastic method that combines the particle identification fidelity of a conventional clustering algorithm with the analytical flexibility of mesh-based approaches through the generation of alpha shapes for each identified cluster. Furthermore, the corresponding mesh accounts for concave components of the clusters and determines the volume and surface area of the clusters; additionally, the mesh boundary is utilized to update the total composition according to the internal ions.

42 ENGINEERING↗

The HPS experiment at JLab

Many Beyond-Standard-Model theories predict a new massive gauge boson, such as a ?dark? or ?heavy photon?. The heavy photon is expected to mix with the Standard Model photon through kinetic mixing and therefore have a small coupling to electric charge. The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is searching for a heavy photon at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), in the mass range 20-500 MeV/c2. In particular HPS looks for the e+e? decay channel of heavy photons radiated by electron Bremsstrahlung, employing both an invariant mass search and detached vertexing techniques. The experiment employs a compact forward spectrometer comprising silicon microstrip detectors for vertexing and tracking and an electromagnetic calorimeter for particle identification and triggering. HPS took data successfully in 2015 and 2016 at 1.05 GeV and 2.3 GeV beam energies, respectively. First results are expected to be presented soon.

De Napoli, Marzio↗

Open problems in particle astrophysics

The search for an understanding of the nature of the Dark Matter is one of the fundamental problems in science. This contribution outlines the evidence for the existence of Dark Matter (DM), and discusses the possibility that it is formed by new type of Weakly Interacting Massive (m{approx} 100 GeV) elementary Particles (WIMPs). Possible methods to verify this hypothesis include the creation of these particles in high energy accelerators, the observation of the elastic scattering of ordinary nuclei with the DM particles that form the halo of the Milky Way, and the (indirect) observation of the products of the self annihilation of the DM particles in our Galaxy. Possible, controversial hints of the existence of WIMPs will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Position and energy-resolved particle detection using phonon-mediated microwave kinetic inductance detectors

We demonstrate position and energy-resolved phonon-mediated detection of particle interactions in a silicon substrate instrumented with an array of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The relative magnitude and delay of the signal received in each sensor allow the location of the interaction to be determined with < or approx. 1mm resolution at 30 keV. Using this position information, variations in the detector response with position can be removed, and an energy resolution of {sigma}{sub E} = 0.55 keV at 30 keV was measured. Since MKIDs can be fabricated from a single deposited film and are naturally multiplexed in the frequency domain, this technology can be extended to provide highly pixelized athermal phonon sensors for {approx}1 kg scale detector elements. Such high-resolution, massive particle detectors would be applicable to rare-event searches such as the direct detection of dark matter, neutrinoless double-beta decay, or coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Muon g - 2 anomaly and 125 GeV Higgs: Extra vector-like quark and LHC prospects

The ATLAS and CMS collaborations recently reported indication of a Higgs boson around 125GeV. If we add extra vector-like quarks to the MSSM, such a relatively heavy Higgs can be naturally realized in the GMSB framework, simultaneously explaining the muon g - 2 anomaly. I will discuss LHC prospect of this attractive model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Searches for BSM and Higgs boson at LHC

This article reviews the recent results from the two energy frontier experiments, ATLAS and CMS at the large hadron collider (LHC), using the data collected during 2011 corresponding up to 4.9 fb{sup -1} integrated luminosity of {radical}(s) = 7TeV proton proton collisions. The recent results of searches for the Standard Model Higgs boson, and searches for beyond Standard Model physics based on supersymmetry and other new exotic models are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Particle physics with the LHC data

In this talk, I give reasons why we regard GUT as a part of the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics that explain all phenomena observed at high energy experiments and in the universe, with a few notable exceptions. It is based on my introduction-to-elementary-particle-physics lectures for the first year graduate students at Sokendai, Graduate University for Advanced Studies. No new observation is made, but I think that it is important for us to examine the LHC data from the GUT viewpoint together with our fresh students.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

ATLAS measurements of soft particle production and diffraction

The ATLAS Collaboration has measured a wide range of properties of soft particle production in {radical}(s) = 900GeV and {radical}(s) = 7TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These include forward-backward and azimuthal correlations, azimuthal ordering of hadron production, underlying event properties and their dependence on aspects of the hard scattering process. The inelastic and diffractive cross sections have also been measured, using particle forward flow and rapidity gaps. Many of these measurements are used to develop and tune models for soft particle production.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

MC generator TAUOLA: Implementation of resonance chiral theory for two and three meson modes. Comparison with experiment

We present a partial upgrade of the Monte Carlo event generator TAUOLA with the two and three hadron decay modes using the theoretical models based on Resonance Chiral Theory. These modes account for 88% of total hadronic width of the tau meson. First results of the model parameters have been obtained using BaBar data for 3{pi} mode.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

{eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} and {eta} Prime {yields}{eta}{gamma}{gamma}: A primer analysis

The electromagnetic rare decays {eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} and {eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} are analysed for the first time and their predicted branching ratios given. The vector meson exchange dominant contribution is treated using Vector Meson Dominance and the scalar component is estimated by means of the Linear Sigma Model. The agreement between our calculation and the measurement of the related process {eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma} is a check of the procedure. Scalar meson effects are seen to be irrelevant for {eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma}, while a significant scalar contribution due to the {sigma}(500) resonance seems to emerge in the case of {eta} Prime {yields}{pi}{sup 0}{gamma}{gamma}. Future measurements coming from KLOE-2, Crystal Ball, WASA, and BES-III will elucidate if any of these processes carry an important scalar contribution or they are simply driven by the exchange of vector mesons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DVCS and GPDs at eRHIC: Towards a high resolution partonic imaging

The feasibility for a measurement of the exclusive production of a real photon, a process although known as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) at an eRHIC has been explored. An electron-proton/ion collider facility (eRHIC) is under consideration at BrookhavenNational Laboratory (BNL). Such a new facility will require the design and construction of a new optimized detector profiting from the experience gained from electron-proton colliders like at the experiments H1 and ZEUS at DESY-HERA. In particular, eRHIC is a machine designed to collide an electron beam with energies ranging from 5 GeV up to 20 GeV with the RHIC hadron beams (protons (100-250 GeV) and nuclei ({<=} 100 GeV)), thus varying center-of-mass energies. DVCS is universally believed to be a golden measurement toward the determination of the Generalized Parton Distribution (GPDs) functions. The high luminosity of the machine, expected in the order of 10{sup 34} cm{sup 2}s{sup -1} at the highest center-of-mass energy, together with the large rapidity acceptance of a newly designed dedicated detector, will open the opportunity for measuring DVCS with an unprecedented precision, providing an important tool toward a 2+1 dimensional picture of the internal structure of the proton. The huge impact such measurements would have on the determination of GPDs will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Electron-hadron correlations in pp collisions at {radical}(s) = 2.76TeV with the ALICE experiment

In this work we are studying the relative beauty to charm production in pp collisions at {radical}(s) = 2.76TeV, through correlations between electrons from heavy-flavour decay and charged hadrons, with the ALICE detector at the LHC. This study represents a baseline for the analysis in heavy-ion collisions where heavy flavour production is a powerful tool to study the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

J/{psi} measurements in 7 TeV p-p collisions with ALICE using EMCal-triggered events

J/{psi} measurements can be performed with the ALICE experiment through the dilepton decay into e{sup -}e{sup +} (for rapidity Double-Vertical-Line y Double-Vertical-Line <0.9) and {mu}{sup -}{mu}{sup +} (for rapidity -4.0<y<-2.5) pairs, in protonproton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Proton-proton collisions are specially important for the ALICE physics program, since they provide baseline results to be compared with Pb-Pb, where one expects the production of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Moreover, these measurements are interesting per se because the mechanism of charmonium production in hadron interactions is not yet fully understood. The ALICE Eletromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal) p{sub T} extends the range of J/{psi} measurements, since it provides electron/hadron discrimination for higher p{sub T} values in comparison to other electron PID techniques in ALICE. The EMCal can also provide fast triggers for events containing high energy electrons. In 2011, during proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV, the ALICE EMCal trigger was intensively used for event selection of showers above 4.8 GeV. In this work, some results from 2011 proton-proton collisions are presented, showing a J/{psi} measurement for transversal momentum above 6 GeV/c, due to a combination of the ALICE EMCal PID and trigger system.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

The proton structure in the region of high x{sub B}

The hadron structure has been intensively studied over the last 20 years, but mostly in regions of medium and low Bjorken x. On the other hand, there are large experimental projects (Jlab 12 GeV and CERN COMPASS-II) that will produce a lot of data on lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering in kinematics regions not study yet, like the region where the parton carries a large momentum fraction of the parent nucleon. It is well known from literature that the high x{sub B} region is quite problematic, because, among other things, one needs to deal with the nucleon resonance region. To avoid this region, one should have an invariant mass for the system greater than 2 GeV. One can do this by lowering the values for x{sub B} (irrelevant for our current research), or by decreasing the value of Q{sup 2}. In the later case, there are not many experimental data and the projects mentioned will try to fill this gap. When one is in the low Q{sup 2} region, an extra problem appears: corrections in the form of M{sup 2}/Q{sup 2}, usually disregarded in the OPE expansion, have now to be taken care of. These corrections are referred to as Target Mass Corrections (TMC). Our work aims to find clean ways to separate these TMC from the experimental data and thus related them to the usual structure functions, measured in other experiments, with are free of effects coming from the finite value of the nucleon mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Central diffraction in proton-proton collisions at {radical}(s) = 7TeV with ALICE at LHC

A double-gap topology is used for filtering central-diffractive events from a protonproton minimum-bias data sample at a centre-of-mass energy Central diffraction in proton-proton collisions at {radical}(s) = 7TeV. This topology is defined by particle activity in the ALICE central barrel and absence of particle activity outside. The fraction of events satisfying the double-gap requirement R{sub DG} is found to be 7.63{+-}0.02(st at.){+-}0.87(syst.) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -4}. The background of this double-gap fraction is estimated by studying the contributions of non-diffractive, single-and double-diffractive dissociation processes as modelled by Monte Carlo event generators, and is found to be about 10%.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Status and perspectives of ALICE at the LHC

ALICE is one of the four large experiments at the LHC. It focuses on the study of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Its main goal is to study in great detail the properties of matter under extreme energy densities. We discuss some aspects of the ALICE research program, the experiment future plans as well as some general items of the ALICE upgrade. The present detector allows to study diffractive physics and photon induced processes. A proposal to install detectors in the forward region is presented here. These detectors would allow to study processes with rapidity gaps larger than those presently covered.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross-section at centre-of-mass energy of Central diffraction in proton-proton collisions at {radical}(s) = 7TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Events are selected by requiring hits in scintillator counters mounted in the forward region of the ATLAS detector and the dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20{mu}b{sup -1}. In addition, the total cross-section is studied as a function of the rapidity gap size measured with the inner detector and calorimetry.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Forward physics with the LHCb experiment

Due to its unique pseudorapidity coverage and the ability to perform measurements at low transverse momenta p{sub T}, the LHCb detector allows a unique insight into particle production in the forward region at the LHC. Using large samples of proton-proton collision data accumulated at {radical}(s) = 7TeV, the LHCb collaboration has performed a series of dedicated analyses providing important input to the knowledge of the parton density functions, underlying event activity, low Bjorken-x QCD dynamics and exclusive processes. Some of these are briefly summarised here.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗