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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Computational methods for the identification of spatially varying stiffness and damping in beams

A numerical approximation scheme for the estimation of functional parameters in Euler-Bernoulli models for the transverse vibration of flexible beams with tip bodies is developed. The method permits the identification of spatially varying flexural stiffness and Voigt-Kelvin viscoelastic damping coefficients which appear in the hybrid system of ordinary and partial differential equations and boundary conditions describing the dynamics of such structures. An inverse problem is formulated as a least squares fit to data subject to constraints in the form of a vector system of abstract first order evolution equations. Spline-based finite element approximations are used to finite dimensionalize the problem. Theoretical convergence results are given and numerical studies carried out on both conventional (serial) and vector computers are discussed.

Banks, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The identification of a distributed parameter model for a flexible structure

A computational method is developed for the estimation of parameters in a distributed model for a flexible structure. The structure we consider (part of the RPL experiment) consists of a cantilevered beam with a thruster and linear accelerometer at the free end. The thruster is fed by a pressurized hose whose horizontal motion effects the transverse vibration of the beam. The Euler-Bernoulli theory is used to model the vibration of the beam and treat the hose-thruster assembly as a lumped or point mass-dashpot-spring system at the tip. Using measurements of linear acceleration at the tip, it is estimated that the parameters (mass, stiffness, damping) and a Voight-Kelvin viscoelastic structural damping parameter for the beam using a least squares fit to the data. Spline based approximations to the hybrid (coupled ordinary and partial differential equations) system are considered; theoretical convergence results and numerical studies with both simulation and actual experimental data obtained from the structure are presented and discussed.

Banks, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1987

AKPLOT: A plotter routine for IBM PC, XT and AT

The AKPLOT software for the IBM PC, XT, and AT is an efficient and versatile tool that allows X-Y plotting of quantitative information. Features include IBM four-color graphics, which combined with 10 different symbols allows 40 different curves on the same grid, shrink or expansion of the graph size, any combination of log and linear X and Y axes, selective plotting from multiple curves of a previous run, interpolation and polynomial least-squares fit with any degree polynomial, and a 90-degree tilt of the entire graph. These options are independent, and can be invoked individually.

Kantak, Anil↗
NASA NTRS1987

A micro-computer-based system to compute magnetic variation

A mathematical model of magnetic variation in the continental United States was implemented in the Ohio University Loran-C receiver. The model is based on a least squares fit of a polynomial function. The implementation on the microprocessor based Loran-C receiver is possible with the help of a math chip which performs 32 bit floating point mathematical operations. A Peripheral Interface Adapter is used to communicate between the 6502 based microcomputer and the 9511 math chip. The implementation provides magnetic variation data to the pilot as a function of latitude and longitude. The model and the real time implementation in the receiver are described.

Kaul, Rajan↗
NASA NTRS1987

Robust time and frequency domain estimation methods in adaptive control

A robust identification method was developed for use in an adaptive control system. The type of estimator is called the robust estimator, since it is robust to the effects of both unmodeled dynamics and an unmeasurable disturbance. The development of the robust estimator was motivated by a need to provide guarantees in the identification part of an adaptive controller. To enable the design of a robust control system, a nominal model as well as a frequency-domain bounding function on the modeling uncertainty associated with this nominal model must be provided. Two estimation methods are presented for finding parameter estimates, and, hence, a nominal model. One of these methods is based on the well developed field of time-domain parameter estimation. In a second method of finding parameter estimates, a type of weighted least-squares fitting to a frequency-domain estimated model is used. The frequency-domain estimator is shown to perform better, in general, than the time-domain parameter estimator. In addition, a methodology for finding a frequency-domain bounding function on the disturbance is used to compute a frequency-domain bounding function on the additive modeling error due to the effects of the disturbance and the use of finite-length data. The performance of the robust estimator in both open-loop and closed-loop situations is examined through the use of simulations.

Lamaire, Richard Orville↗
NASA NTRS1986

The visual brightness behavior of P/Halley during 1981-1986

The behavior of the total visual coma brightness of P/Halley during 1981 to 1986 is discussed. Observations used include 75 published V magnitudes obtained with large telescopes (usually with CCDs) prior to July 1985 and 650 total magnitudes estimated visually with smaller telescopes during the period July 1985 to Aug 1986. The macroscopic light curve is discussed, and least-square fits to the traditional power-law formula are provided. Further work is needed to apply physically-meaningful formulae, based on models describing dust and gas-production rates, to the observed light curve of P/Halley. Brightness variations on smaller timescales (hours, days) are reviewed.

Green, Daniel W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

General purpose algorithms for characterization of slow and fast phase nystagmus

In the overall aim for a better understanding of the vestibular and optokinetic systems and their roles in space motion sickness, the eye movement responses to various dynamic stimuli are measured. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the optokinetic response, as the eye movement responses are known, consist of slow phase and fast phase nystagmus. The specific objective is to develop software programs necessary to characterize the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic responses by distinguishing between the two phases of nystagmus. The overall program is to handle large volumes of highly variable data with minimum operator interaction. The programs include digital filters, differentiation, identification of fast phases, and reconstruction of the slow phase with a least squares fit such that sinusoidal or psuedorandom data may be processed with accurate results. The resultant waveform, slow phase velocity eye movements, serves as input data to the spectral analysis programs previously developed for NASA to analyze nystagmus responses to pseudorandom angular velocity inputs.

Lessard, Charles S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The hydrogen coma of Comet Halley before perihelion Preliminary observations with Dynamics Explorer 1

The hydrogen coma of Comet Halley has been observed in resonantly scattered solar Lyman-alpha radiation during the period 4-29 January 1986 as the comet approached perihelion. These observations were obtained with the imaging photometer for vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths on the spacecraft Dynamics Explorer 4. For the initial analysis of observations available in 17 orbits distributed throughout the period, least-squares fits are computed for the observed exponential decrease in brightness with radial distance from the nucleus. Brightness at the nucleus increased from approx. 3 to 17 kR during the observing period. Preliminary analysis yields water production rates of approx. 3.6 x 10 to the 29th power and 1.9 x 10 to the 30th power molecules/sec on 1 and 29 January, respectively.

Craven, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Rain cell size statistics derived from radar observations at Wallops Island, Virginia

An investigation of two-dimensional rain cell size statistics has analyzed regression relations relating radar-determined rain rates to disdrometer data. This has yielded least-squares fits of radar reflectivity factors, and the application of a contouring program has generated 22,000 contours in which each isopleth belongs to predefined rain-rate intervals. An abundance of total and cell contours were observed belonging to all rain-rate categories. Both the computed number distributions and the conditional cumulative distributions as a function of contour diameter were found to be represented with good approximation by given exponential functions.

Goldhirsh, J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Retrieval of aerosol size distribution moments from multiwavelength particulate extinction data

An iterative method for deriving the particle size distribution from multiwavelength satellite remote sensing data is presented and its use illustrated with an application to SAGE II data. The compression size distribution method (CSD) features interpolation and look-up features for relating the coefficients of a least-squares fit as a function of wavelength to parameters of the compression function that have been obtained by Mie calculations. Results are reported of comparisons between particulate radii predicted for the El Chichon volcano aerosol based on SAGE II data and 14 radii measured with NASA flights through the aerosol with aircraft carrying wire impactors.

Livingston, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Analysis of far-infrared emission Fourier transform spectra

An analysis method that uses the nonlinear least-squares fit technique has been developed for emission spectra obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer. This method is used for the analysis of submillimeter-region atmospheric emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne FT spectrometer that was carried out as a correlative measurement for the Limb IR Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. The retrieved mixing ratios of H2O and O3 in the stratosphere from four spectral intervals have standard deviations of about 10 percent, and the average values agree to within 10 percent of corresponding results from the LIMS satellite experiment which used a broadband emission radiometer in the IR region.

Park, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Numerical planetary and lunar ephemerides - Present status, precision and accuracies

Features of the emphemeris creation process are described with attention given to the equations of motion, the numerical integration, and the least-squares fitting process. Observational data are presented and ephemeride accuracies are estimated. It is believed that radio measurements, VLBI, occultations, and the Space Telescope and Hipparcos will improve ephemerides in the near future. Limitations to accuracy are considered as well as relativity features. The export procedure, by which an outside user may obtain and use the JPL ephemerides, is discussed.

Standish, E. Myles, Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Quantification of HCl from high-resolution, ground-based, infrared solar spectra in the 3000 per cm region

Recent ground-based infrared solar spectra at 0.02 per cm resolution in the 3000 per cm region have been analyzed for the atmospheric content of HCl. Nonlinear spectral least-squares fitting applied to spectra obtained at several zenith angles shows little sensitivity of the results to tropospheric HCl but provides an accurate measurement of the total column amount.

Goldman, A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The vapor pressures of solid and liquid ozone

Vapor pressures of solid and liquid ozone have been measured over a temperature range 87 to below 66 K. The experiment was performed under flow conditions, and the gas was analyzed by a precision mass spectrometer system. In the range of solid ozone two forms, supercooled and crystalline ozone, were found. A least-square fit of the data for crystalline ozone resulted in the equation log P(torr) = A + B/T, where A = 10.460 and B = -1021.6. The estimated uncertainty of the data is + or - 1.0 percent. A triple-point temperature of 79.6 + or - 0.3 K was found where supercooled and crystalline ozone data intersect.

Hanson, David↗
NASA NTRS1987

N2O vibration-rotation parameters derived from measurements in the 900-1090- and 1580-2380/cm regions

Fourier-transform spectrometric measurements of the N2O IR spectrum in the 900-1090 and 1580-2380/cm regions were obtained at a 0.005/cm resolution, and line frequencies of eight species for several ground state bands and hot bands are analyzed to obtain values of band centers and upper-state effective rotational constants. Several bands are reported for the first time. Least-squares fits for the 0400-0000, 0420(e)-0000, and 0510-0110 bands of the (N-14)2O-16 species suggest perturbation of the high-J levels of the upper states. Resonance interactions were noted in transitions including the 1001-1000 bands of (N-14)2O-16 and N-15N-14O-16.

Toth, Robert A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The composition of Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles

The progress made by U.S. researchers during 1983-1986 in studies on the composition of the Galactic cosmic-ray source (GCRS) and solar energetic particles (SEP) is reviewed. New information concerning element abundances in GCRS (obtained from HEAO-3 data) and SEP composition in large flares and (He-3)-rich events (from data obtained by the Voyager and ISEE spacecraft) was used to obtain direct correlation between the GCRS and SEP compositions. For elements heavier than He, the linear correlation coefficient beween the points was 0.96, and the slope of the least-squares fit line was found to be 1.01 + or - 0.01. Hydrogen and helium are more abundant in the SEP than in the GCRS. The close resemblance between the SEP composition and the GCRS composition means that the ratio of SEP abundances to solar-system abundances shows a correlation with the first ionization potential.

Mason, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Clustering reactions of H2CN(+) ions with HCN

The rate coefficients for the first and second steps in the clustering sequence of H2CN(+) ions with HCN, H2CN(+) + HCN + M - H2CN(+) (HCN) + M and H2CN(+) (HCN) + HCN + M - H2CN(+) (HCN)2 + M, have been measured at temperatures from 189 to 296 K for M = He. The three-body association rate coefficients for both reactions are least-squares fitted for a power dependence on gas temperature. The temperature dependences of the three-body association reaction rate coefficients fitted in the range 200 to 300 K are given. The absolute values and temperature dependences are rather similar.

Chatterjee, B. K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Waveform analysis for Geosat day 96

A detailed model waveform function has been least-squares-fitted to 10-second averages of waveform sampler data from selected over-ocean portions of day 96 of the Geosat mission. The results confirm that the height corrections already applied in the routine Geosat data processing are generally good to well within 10 centimeters. Additional height corrections are provided that can refine height estimates to within the several-centimeter level.

Hayne, George S.↗