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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Application of a Momentum Source Model to the RAH-66 Comanche FANTAIL

A Momentum Source Model has been revised and implemented in the flow solver OVERFLOW-D. In this approach, the fan forces are evaluated from two-dimensional airfoil tables as a function of local Mach number and angle-of-attack and applied as source terms in the discretized Navier-Stokes equations. The model revisions include a new model for forces in the tip region and axial distribution of the source terms. The model revisions improve the results significantly. The Momentum Source Model agrees well with a discrete blade model for all computed collective pitch angles. The two models agree well with experimental data for thrust vs. torque. The Momentum Source Model is a good complement to Discrete Blade Models for ducted fan computations. The lower computational and labor costs make parametric studies, optimization studies and interactional aerodynamics studies feasible for cases beyond what is practical with a Discrete Blade Model today.

Nygaard, Tor A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Tree-based solvers for adaptive mesh refinement code $\scriptsize{FLASH}$ – IV. An X-ray radiation scheme to couple discrete and diffuse X-ray emission sources to the thermochemistry of the interstellar medium

X-ray radiation, in particular radiation between 0.1 and 10 keV, is evident from both point-like sources, such as compact objects and T-Tauri young stellar objects, and extended emission from hot, cooling gas, such as in supernova remnants. The X-ray radiation is absorbed by nearby gas, providing a source of both heating and ionization. While protoplanetary chemistry models now often include X-ray emission from the central young stellar object, simulations of star-forming regions have yet to include X-ray emission coupled to the chemo-dynamical evolution of the gas. We present an extension of the $\scriptsize{TREERAY}$ reverse ray trace algorithm implemented in the flash magnetohydrodynamic code which enables the inclusion of X-ray radiation from 0.1 keV < E γ < 100 keV, dubbed $\scriptsize{XRAYTHESPOT}$. $\scriptsize{XRAYTHESPOT}$ allows for the use of an arbitrary number of bins, minimum and maximum energies, and both temperature-independent and temperature-dependent user-defined cross-sections, along with the ability to include both point and extended diffuse emission and is coupled to the thermochemical evolution. We demonstrate the method with several multibin benchmarks testing the radiation transfer solution and coupling to the thermochemistry. Finally, we show two example star formation science cases for this module: X-ray emission from protostellar accretion irradiating an accretion disc and simulations of molecular clouds with active chemistry, radiation pressure, and protostellar radiation feedback from infrared to X-ray radiation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1999

Simultaneous Active Source Control of Blade Row Interaction Generated Discrete Tones

Unsteady blade row interactions in turbomachines generate discrete-frequency tones at blade pass frequency and its harmonics. Specific circumferential acoustic modes are generated. However, only certain of these modes propagate upstream and downstream to the far field, with these the discrete frequency noise received by an observer. This paper is directed at experimentally demonstrating the viability of active noise control utilizing active airfoils to generate propagating spatial modes that interact with and simultaneously cancel the upstream and downstream propagating acoustic modes. This is accomplished by means of fundamental experiments performed in the Purdue Annular Cascade Research Facility configured with 16 rotor blades and 18 stator vanes. At blade pass frequency, only the k(sub 0) = -2 spatial mode propagates. Significant simultaneous noise reductions are achieved for these upstream and downstream propagating spatial modes over a wide range of operating conditions.

Sawyer, Scott↗
DOE OSTI2022

First-collision source treatment for ray effect mitigation in discrete-ordinate radiation transport solutions

Deterministic transport codes play a fundamental role in the modelling and simulation of neutron transport. One of the most common deterministic methods is the method of discrete ordinates, also known as the S method. While offering significant advantages over other deterministic methods or stochastic methods like Monte Carlo, the method of discrete ordinates suffers from non-physical artifacts in its local solution due to its discretization of angle. These artifacts, referred to as ray effects because of their ray-like appearance, tend to be worse in problems with small sources in areas with little scattering. Significant effort has gone into developing methods to mitigate ray effects, such as the first-collision source treatment, which separates the angular flux into the uncollided and collided fluxes and solving them using non-traditional techniques such as ray tracing. One such code capable of doing this is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's deterministic transport code ARDRA. Current ray tracing methods typically trace to a set of points inside a zone to compute an overall flux. However, this approach has significant drawbacks, such as a low order of convergence and not being conservative. Therefore, a new method has been developed that traces instead to a set of points on each of a zone's surfaces and computing the currents, before using these to obtain the flux. A comparison between these two ray tracing methods showed significant advantages to the new surface method, including inherent conservation, a higher convergence rate, and an increase in calculable information like leakage. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver- more National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. (authors)

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beam combining of high-power terahertz lasers with semiconductor metasurface gratings

Spectral beam combining (SBC) of an array of single-mode lasers has the potential for realizing a chip-scale electrically tunable multispectral laser source without any moving parts and with emission at closely spaced discrete frequencies. Here, we demonstrate SBC of an array of single-mode THz quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) with small frequency spacing. Semiconductor-based metasurface THz blazed gratings are developed for integration with QCLs in a compact cryocooler setup. Single-lobed beams of four QCLs emitting around 3.2 THz and spectrally separated by ~14 GHz are combined to achieve collinear propagation of spatially overlapped and collimated beams in the far field with ≲ 0.1° of pointing error. Peak optical power in the range 50–100 mW is detected from each of the QCLs after combining. The dense frequency spacing in our method provides a pathway to incorporate tens of QCLs on a chip to realize a high-power discretely tunable THz laser source for applications in THz spectroscopy.

Jia, Fei [Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United Stat↗
DOE OSTI2021

Broadband Plasmonic Photocurrent Enhancement from Photosystem I Assembled with Tailored Arrays of Au and Ag Nanodisks

Plasmonic interactions between metal nanostructures and fluorophores have been increasingly employed to alter photoexcitation pathways in multichromophore photosynthetic proteins like photosystem I (PSI). Our recent experimental studies demonstrated a sixfold plasmon-enhanced photocurrent from PSI assembled on Fischer patterns of Ag nanopyramids. However, lack of control over the specific resonance modes limited the magnitude and selectivity of the plasmonic enhancement. To this end, the present study investigates the excitation wavelength-dependent plasmon-enhanced photocurrents from PSI immobilized around highly ordered Au (AuND) and Ag (AgND) nanodisks with dipolar plasmon resonances that are tuned to ~680 and 560 nm, respectively. Specifically, we report plasmon-induced photocurrent enhancements of ~6.8 and 17.5 for excitation wavelengths of ~680 and 565 nm, respectively, as compared to PSI assembled on planar ITO substrates. We also report the action spectra for photocurrent enhancements recorded over wavelengths of 395–810 nm with nine discrete LED light sources. The results indicate the following: (1) concurrence between the photocurrent-enhancement spectra from PSI assemblies and the plasmonic resonances for the respective nanopatterned substrates, and (2) broadband photocurrent enhancements due to plasmon-coupled photoactivation in the otherwise blind chlorophyll regions of the native PSI absorption spectra. Lastly, these intriguing findings pave the path for rational assembly of future biohybrid structures composed of natural light-harvesting antennae and plasmonic metal nanostructures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Novel approach to general curvilinear coordinates for plasma fluid applications

In general geometry, plasma fluid equations include nonlinear geometric sources associated with fictitious forces, which pose significant challenges to computer simulations. We reformulate the plasma fluid hierarchy to rigorously preserve geometry and conservation properties critical to numerical simulations, while concealing the geometric sources. In their discrete form, the reformulated models conserve mass, angular momentum, and energy naturally, by simple analogy with the continuum equations. These conservation properties have minimal requirements in discrete space, namely, the anti-symmetry of the first derivative and the orthogonality of the scalar and cross products. By decoupling magnetic geometry, coordinate systems, and numerical discretization, this enables maximum flexibility while preserving physics fidelity. As a testbed, we apply the novel representation to the resistive magnetohydrodynamic system, which involves a complete set of curvilinear operations. We verify the correctness of the approach using steady state liquid metal flows and the classic Orszag–Tang vortex.

Halpern, Federico D. [General Atomics, San Diego, ↗
DOE OSTI2021

A polarization-switch effect of silicon crystals under multiple-beam diffraction geometry

On the basis of rigorous dynamical-theory calculations, a complete X-ray polarization-switch effect of silicon crystals at the exact multiple-beam diffraction condition is demonstrated in this paper. The underlying physical mechanism of this unique phenomenon can be revealed using a simple multiple-wave propagation and interference model. The constructive and destructive interference of the multiple detoured-diffraction beams along the direction of the primary diffracted beam directly leads to the complete polarization switch. This phenomenon can be realized using both synchrotron and laboratory X-ray sources at many discrete wavelengths, and used to design a novel crystal-based polarizer to achieve a 90° polarization rotation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1972

Fan noise mechanisms and control. II.

The fluctuating velocity input into the fan is measured by two approaches. One approach makes use of stationary hot wires mounted in front of the rotor. The other approach employs rotating hot wires moving with the rotor. It is shown that the noise has three principal source components including discrete frequencies, which are governed by inflow distortion, low frequency broad band noise governed by inflow turbulence, and high frequency broad band noise governed by the blade tips.

Lowson, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Some observations about the components of transonic fan noise from narrow-band spectral analysis

Qualitative and quantitative spectral analyses are presented that give the broadband-noise, discrete-tone, and multiple-tone properties of the noise generated by a full-scale high-bypass single-stage axial-flow transonic fan (fan B, NASA Quiet Engine Program). The noise components were obtained from narrow-band spectra in conjunction with 1/3-octave-band spectra. Variations in the pressure levels of the noise components with fan speed, forward-quadrant azimuth angle, and frequency are presented and compared. The study shows that much of the apparent broadband noise on 1/3-octave-band plots consists of a complex system of shaft-order tones. The analyses also indicate the difficulties in determining or defining noise components, especially the broadband level under the discrete tones. The sources which may be associated with the noise components are discussed.

Saule, A. V.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Hard X-ray observations of the region from the galactic center to Centaurus

A balloon flight from Parana, Argentina, was conducted to observe emissions from discrete or extended sources in the southern sky. The sources observed include GX 304-1, Nor X-2, GX 340+0, GX 354-5, a possibly composite source near the galactic center, and the nova-like source (2U1543-47) in the Lupus-Norma region which has been reported previously only in satellite observations. Data concerning the possibility of line emission near 0.5 MeV from different regions of the southern sky are also presented.

Guo, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Theoretical and experimental studies in ultraviolet solar physics

The processes and parameters in atomic and molecular physics that are relevant to solar physics are investigated. The areas covered include: (1) measurement of atomic and molecular parameters that contribute to discrete and continous sources of opacity and abundance determinations in the sun; (2) line broadening and scattering phenomena; and (3) development of an ion beam spectroscopic source which is used for the measurement of electron excitation cross sections of transition region and coronal ions.

Parkinson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Two-dimensional radiant energy array computers and computing devices

Two dimensional digital computers and computer devices operate in parallel on rectangular arrays of digital radiant energy optical signal elements which are arranged in ordered rows and columns. Logic gate devices receive two input arrays and provide an output array having digital states dependent only on the digital states of the signal elements of the two input arrays at corresponding row and column positions. The logic devices include an array of photoconductors responsive to at least one of the input arrays for either selectively accelerating electrons to a phosphor output surface, applying potentials to an electroluminescent output layer, exciting an array of discrete radiant energy sources, or exciting a liquid crystal to influence crystal transparency or reflectivity.

Schaefer, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Wall-interference assessment in three-dimensional slotted-wall wind tunnels

The development of the slotted tunnel simulator code and lessons learned from its use are summarized. The high order panel method was selected as the basic procedure for aerodynamic computations. The panel singularities are supplemented by line sources to represent discrete wall slots.

Kemp, W. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Magnetic structure of the crust

The bibuniqueness aspect of geophysical interpretation must be constrained by geological insight to limit the range of theoretically possible models. An additional step in depth understanding of the relationship between rock magnetization and geological circumstances on a grand scale is required. Views about crustal structure and the distribution of lithologies suggests a complex situation with lateral and vertical variability at all levels in the crust. Volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic processes together with each of the observed anomalies. Important questions are addressed: (1) the location of the magnetic bottom; (2) whether the source is a discrete one or are certain parts of the crust cumulatively contributing to the overall magnetization; (3) if the anomaly to some recognizable surface expression is localized, how to arrive at a geologically realistic model incorporating magnetization contrasts which are realistic; (3) in the way the primary mineralogies are altered by metamorphism and the resulting magnetic contracts; (4) the effects of temperature and pressure on magnetization.

Wasilewski, P.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Infrared measurements of spacecraft glow planned for Spacelab 2

A liquid helium cooled infrared telescope (IRT) was to be flown in July 1985 on Spacelab 2. The instrument is designed to measure both diffuse and discrete infrared astronomical sources, including the zodiacal light, galactic, and extragalactic components, as well as to evaluate the induced Orbiter environment. The focal plane contains ten photoconductive detectors covering six broad bands from 2 to 120 microns. Each detector has a 0.5 by 1.0 deg field of view optimized for detection of extended sources of IR radiation. Except for the 2 micron detector, the system noise is limited by the sky background noise. The measurements planned for the IRT use the 1 meter base of the Plasma Diagnostic Package (PDP), an already existing SL 2 experiment, as the glow generating surface. The measurements are repeated changing the position of the PDP, the attitude of the Orbiter, and the ram direction in an effort to remove both the thermal component of the PDP emission and the cosmic background radiation.

Fazio, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The W3 molecular cloud

Extensive J = 1 to 0 (C-12)(O-16) and (C-13)(O-16) observations of the W3 molecular cloud and the surrounding region are presented and discussed. The velocity structure in the region is strongly suggestive of a model of large-scale, externally induced star formation. It is shown that star formation occurred in W3 and the nearby star-forming region W3(OH) after the gas within which they lie was swept up by the expanding W4 ionization front. Two condensations dominate the mass structure of the core of W3, one associated with IRS 4 and the other with IRS 5 and 1. A velocity difference between the two condensations is interpreted as indicating the two sources actually are discrete knots.

Thronson, H. A., Jr.↗