Project for the analysis of technology transfer Quarterly report, 13 Jul. - 12 Oct. 1968
Statistical characteristics of transfer data bank users, and outline of technology transfer and utilization instruction course
Browne, T. D.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Cooling of high pressure rocket thrust chambers with liquid oxygen
An experimental program using hydrogen and oxygen as the propellants and supercritical liquid oxygen (LOX) as the coolant was conducted at 4.14 and 8.274 MN/sq m chamber pressure. It was aimed to demonstrate the effect of LOX leaking into the combustion region through small cracks in the chamber wall, and to verify the supercritical oxygen heat transfer correlation developed from heated tube experiments. Four thrust chambers with throat diameters of 0.066 m were tested; three of these were cyclically tested to 4.14 MM/sq m chamber pressure until a crack developed; the fourth chamber was operated at 8.274 MM/sq m pressure to obtain steady state heat transfer data. Wall temperature measurements confirmed the heat transfer correlation.
Price, H. G.↗
Automation of review/approval cycle of MCAUTO CAD/CAM generated drawings and documents
The review/approval of MCAUTO/UNIGRAPHICS CAD/CAM generated drawings and documents is done through routing of hard copies of drawings and memos via mail, a process both time consuming and expensive. It is proposed that a set of procedures and the required software tools be designed for transmission, revision, and signing-off of such documents via electronic data transfer, while maintaining a sufficient degree of data integrity and individual security. A main resistance to such a technique will be the limited size of the display screen (19 inch class) and infrequent layer switching with the attendant time delay during the process of reviewing the drawing. Such opposition should diminish as the users become familiar with the hardwares and its operation. It is suggested that user profiles be set so that the protection class list of the originator of the drawing include at least one common class with each of the individuals who will be involved in the Revision/Approval cycle. In this way the originator will be able to tranfer a file for their review and also be able to copy back the file to make the necessary permanent changes. Individual security is maintained by restricted access to signature files and by restricting the list of individuals who will be authorized to sign off. This is accomplished through two software tools:LAYCOPY and SIGN. It is felt that these proposed procedures and techniques will adequately maintain both the file integrity and individual security during Review/Approval Cycle of MCAUTO generated drawings without the need for hardcopy routing.
Minn, H. S.↗
Database interfaces on NASA's heterogeneous distributed database system
The purpose of Distributed Access View Integrated Database (DAVID) interface module (Module 9: Resident Primitive Processing Package) is to provide data transfer between local DAVID systems and resident Data Base Management Systems (DBMSs). The result of current research is summarized. A detailed description of the interface module is provided. Several Pascal templates were constructed. The Resident Processor program was also developed. Even though it is designed for the Pascal templates, it can be modified for templates in other languages, such as C, without much difficulty. The Resident Processor itself can be written in any programming language. Since Module 5 routines are not ready yet, there is no way to test the interface module. However, simulation shows that the data base access programs produced by the Resident Processor do work according to the specifications.
Huang, Shou-Hsuan Stephen↗
Notes on a storage manager for the Clouds kernel
The Clouds project is research directed towards producing a reliable distributed computing system. The initial goal is to produce a kernel which provides a reliable environment with which a distributed operating system can be built. The Clouds kernal consists of a set of replicated subkernels, each of which runs on a machine in the Clouds system. Each subkernel is responsible for the management of resources on its machine; the subkernal components communicate to provide the cooperation necessary to meld the various machines into one kernel. The implementation of a kernel-level storage manager that supports reliability is documented. The storage manager is a part of each subkernel and maintains the secondary storage residing at each machine in the distributed system. In addition to providing the usual data transfer services, the storage manager ensures that data being stored survives machine and system crashes, and that the secondary storage of a failed machine is recovered (made consistent) automatically when the machine is restarted. Since the storage manager is part of the Clouds kernel, efficiency of operation is also a concern.
Pitts, David V.↗
Storage system architectures and their characteristics
Not all users storage requirements call for 20 MBS data transfer rates, multi-tier file or data migration schemes, or even automated retrieval of data. The number of available storage solutions reflects the broad range of user requirements. It is foolish to think that any one solution can address the complete range of requirements. For users with simple off-line storage requirements, the cost and complexity of high end solutions would provide no advantage over a more simple solution. The correct answer is to match the requirements of a particular storage need to the various attributes of the available solutions. The goal of this paper is to introduce basic concepts of archiving and storage management in combination with the most common architectures and to provide some insight into how these concepts and architectures address various storage problems. The intent is to provide potential consumers of storage technology with a framework within which to begin the hunt for a solution which meets their particular needs. This paper is not intended to be an exhaustive study or to address all possible solutions or new technologies, but is intended to be a more practical treatment of todays storage system alternatives. Since most commercial storage systems today are built on Open Systems concepts, the majority of these solutions are hosted on the UNIX operating system. For this reason, some of the architectural issues discussed focus around specific UNIX architectural concepts. However, most of the architectures are operating system independent and the conclusions are applicable to such architectures on any operating system.
Sarandrea, Bryan M.↗
FAST User Guide
The Flow Analysis Software Toolkit, FAST, is a software environment for visualizing data. FAST is a collection of separate programs (modules) that run simultaneously and allow the user to examine the results of numerical and experimental simulations. The user can load data files, perform calculations on the data, visualize the results of these calculations, construct scenes of 3D graphical objects, and plot, animate and record the scenes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) visualization is the primary intended use of FAST, but FAST can also assist in the analysis of other types of data. FAST combines the capabilities of such programs as PLOT3D, RIP, SURF, and GAS into one environment with modules that share data. Sharing data between modules eliminates the drudgery of transferring data between programs. All the modules in the FAST environment have a consistent, highly interactive graphical user interface. Most commands are entered by pointing and'clicking. The modular construction of FAST makes it flexible and extensible. The environment can be custom configured and new modules can be developed and added as needed. The following modules have been developed for FAST: VIEWER, FILE IO, CALCULATOR, SURFER, TOPOLOGY, PLOTTER, TITLER, TRACER, ARCGRAPH, GQ, SURFERU, SHOTET, and ISOLEVU. A utility is also included to make the inclusion of user defined modules in the FAST environment easy. The VIEWER module is the central control for the FAST environment. From VIEWER, the user can-change object attributes, interactively position objects in three-dimensional space, define and save scenes, create animations, spawn new FAST modules, add additional view windows, and save and execute command scripts. The FAST User Guide uses text and FAST MAPS (graphical representations of the entire user interface) to guide the user through the use of FAST. Chapters include: Maps, Overview, Tips, Getting Started Tutorial, a separate chapter for each module, file formats, and system administration.
Walatka, Pamela P.↗
DoCeph: DPU-Offloaded Messaging in Ceph for Reduced Host CPU Utilization
Ceph is a widely used distributed object store, but its messenger layer imposes substantial CPU overhead on the host. To address this limitation, we propose DoCeph, a DPU-offloaded storage architecture for Ceph that disaggregates the system by offloading the communication-intensive messaging component to the DPU while retaining the storage backend on the host. The DPU efficiently manages communication, using lightweight RPC for metadata operations and DMA for data transfer. Moreover, DoCeph introduces a pipelining technique that overlaps data transmission with buffer preparation, mitigating hardware-imposed transfer size limitations. We implemented DoCeph on a Ceph cluster with NVIDIA BlueField-3 DPUs. Evaluation results indicate that DoCeph cuts host CPU usage by up to 92% while sustaining stable throughput and providing larger performance benefits for object writes over 1 MB.
Park, Kuri [Sogang University]↗
File-Format Program For Transferable Output ASCII Data
TOAD utilities machine-independent and require minimal central memory. Transferable Output ASCII Data (TOAD) file-format computer program facilitates transfer of data files from one computer installation to another. TOAD files preferred type and record length, easy to edit, read, and write on magnetic tape or transfer across communications networks. Applications programs write TOAD files directly and conform to all ANSI FORTRAN 77 standards.
Bingle, Bradford↗
Pressurizer dynamic model and emulated programmable logic controllers for nuclear power plants cybersecurity investigations
This work demonstrates the functionality of the pressurizer using a fast-running three regions, non-equilibrium model and control programs of emulated PLCs. The state variables from an integrated model of primary loop in a representative PWR plant are communicated to the pressurizer’s emulated PLCs using a synchronized data transfer function. In turn, the PLCs communicate back instructions to the pressurizer model to adjust the pressure and water level to remain within preprogramed setpoints. Pressurizer model simultaneously solves the coupled mass and energy conservation equations in the saturated vapor and saturated and subcooled liquid regions using fixed step solver. Results demonstrate the response of the pressurizer model linked to an emulated pressure and water level PLCs in a simulated transient involving surge-in and surge-out events. The 50 ms response delay time for the emulated PLC insignificantly affects operation and predictions of the pressurizer model.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Applying an Oriented Divergence Theorem to Swept Face Remap
Here we present a novel oriented divergence theorem and apply the results to a swept face remap method (conservative data transfer between two meshes) in arbitrary Langrangian–Eulerian hydrodynamics. In our setting, we compute the material flux along swept regions between corresponding faces in the source and target meshes. Since the swept region may add material, subtract material, or do both when it intersects itself, we cannot apply the conventional divergence theorem without accounting for orientation and self-overlaps. In this work, we encode the swept region orientation and geometry with a map from the unit n -dimensional cube, and then apply an oriented analog of divergence theorem to compute the material flux. We present efficient implementation strategies for the presented method. We also provide numerical evidence supporting our results and discuss extensions to more general mesh topologies.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
A Scalable PDC Placement Technique for Fast and Resilient Monitoring of Large Power Grids
The wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is a key enabler of real-time monitoring of power grids. The essential goals of WAMS design are fast and resilient data transfer from phasor measurement units (PMU) to phasor data concentrators (PDC). We propose a scalable two-stage PDC placement technique for minimizing the end-to-end delay while maintaining resiliency. In the prescreening stage, the plausible candidates of PDC configurations are identified based on a graph theory-based multi-median function (MMF). Here, in this article, a computationally efficient meta-heuristic algorithm is used to address scalability. In the candidate selection stage, two different algorithms, namely, Suurballe's and Dijkstra's, are employed to identify the best of those plausible PDC configurations as the final design. This technique not only minimizes the hop paths between PMUs and PDCs, but also ensures network resiliency against single PMU, PDC, or communication link failure by incorporating the roles of PMUs in power grid observability into routing policy. Simulation results on the IEEE 57-bus test power system and the 2000-bus test power system demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed technique.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Computer interface system
An interface logic circuit permitting the transfer of information between two computers having asynchronous clocks is disclosed. The information transfer involves utilization of control signals (including request, return-response, ready) to generate properly timed data strobe signals. Noise problems are avoided because each control signal, upon receipt, is verified by at least two clock pulses at the receiving computer. If control signals are verified, a data strobe pulse is generated to accomplish a data transfer. Once initiated, the data strobe signal is properly completed independently of signal disturbances in the control signal initiating the data strobe signal. Completion of the data strobe signal is announced by automatic turn-off of a return-response control signal.
Anderson, T. O.↗
Development of automated power system management techniques
The basic approach in the automated power system management (APSM) implementation is to use one central microprocessor for the overall power system supervision and several local microprocessors dedicated to one or more major subassemblies to perform simple monitoring and control functions. Communication between the central and each local processor is through a dedicated two-wire network employing serial data transfer. The block diagrams of the processors, the data bus characteristics, and the software functions and organization are presented.
Imamura, M. S.↗
Determination of the Critical Parameters for Remote Microscope Control
As part of a program to determine the capabilities of Telescience as applied to Microgravity Materials Science the need for a remotely controlled microscope was recognized. For this purpose we equipped a microscope with an X-Y-Z positioning device and motors on the zoom and focus controls. Computer control of these devices allowed remote operation. A standard TV camera was mounted to the computer controlled video board which could compress the image in resolution and grey scale. The operator control console was programmed to display three still video pictures as well as provide command access. A standard data transfer network was used to transmit the video data files and the command interaction was via a high speed phone modem. This system, with the microscope in the Microgravity Materials Science Laboratory (MMSL) at LeRC and the control at RPI, was used to determine the accuracy of setting, time required to achieve setting and the operator ease factor. It was found that the focus setting could be established well within the resolution limit of the TV system and that each motion took about 50 seconds and approximately 12 minutes was required to reach ?best? focus. These times could be reduced significantly with operator experience. The operators were provided with ancillary equipment which provided assistance in making the necessary decisions and they reported satisfaction with the control.
Hahn, R. C.↗
Autonomous Satellite Command and Control through the World Wide Web: Phase 3
NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP) has identified a variety of revolutionary technologies that will support orders of magnitude improvements in the capabilities of spacecraft missions. This program's Autonomy team has focused on science and engineering automation technologies. In doing so, it has established a clear development roadmap specifying the experiments and demonstrations required to mature these technologies. The primary developmental thrusts of this roadmap are in the areas of remote agents, PI/operator interface, planning/scheduling fault management, and smart execution architectures. Phases 1 and 2 of the ASSET Project (previously known as the WebSat project) have focused on establishing World Wide Web-based commanding and telemetry services as an advanced means of interfacing a spacecraft system with the PI and operators. Current automated capabilities include Web-based command submission, limited contact scheduling, command list generation and transfer to the ground station, spacecraft support for demonstrations experiments, data transfer from the ground station back to the ASSET system, data archiving, and Web-based telemetry distribution. Phase 2 was finished in December 1996. During January-December 1997 work was commenced on Phase 3 of the ASSET Project. Phase 3 is the subject of this report. This phase permitted SSDL and its project partners to expand the ASSET system in a variety of ways. These added capabilities included the advancement of ground station capabilities, the adaptation of spacecraft on-board software, and the expansion of capabilities of the ASSET management algorithms. Specific goals of Phase 3 were: (1) Extend Web-based goal-level commanding for both the payload PI and the spacecraft engineer; (2) Support prioritized handling of multiple PIs as well as associated payload experimenters; (3) Expand the number and types of experiments supported by the ASSET system and its associated spacecraft; (4) Implement more advanced resource management, modeling and fault management capabilities that integrate the space and ground segments of the space system hardware; (5) Implement a beacon monitoring test; (6) Implement an experimental blackboard controller for space system management; (7) Further define typical ground station developments required for Internet-based remote control and for full system automation of the PI-to-spacecraft link. Each of those goals is examined in the next section. Significant sections of this report were also published as a conference paper.
Cantwell, Brian↗
An Extensible, Interchangeable and Sharable Database Model for Improving Multidisciplinary Aircraft Design
Crucial to an efficient aircraft simulation-based design is a robust data modeling methodology for both recording the information and providing data transfer readily and reliably. To meet this goal, data modeling issues involved in the aircraft multidisciplinary design are first analyzed in this study. Next, an XML-based. extensible data object model for multidisciplinary aircraft design is constructed and implemented. The implementation of the model through aircraft databinding allows the design applications to access and manipulate any disciplinary data with a lightweight and easy-to-use API. In addition, language independent representation of aircraft disciplinary data in the model fosters interoperability amongst heterogeneous systems thereby facilitating data sharing and exchange between various design tools and systems.
Lin, Risheng↗
Exploring and Visualizing A-Train Instrument Data
The succession of US and international satellites that follow each other in close succession, known as the A-Train, affords an opportunity to atmospheric researchers that no single platform could provide: Increasing the number of observations at any given geographic location.. . a more complete "virtual science platform". However, vertically and horizontally, co-registering and regridding datasets from independently developed missions, Aqua, Calipso, Cloudsat, Parasol, and Aura, so that they can be inter-compared can be daunting to some, and may be repeated by many. Scientists will individually spend much of their time and resources acquiring A-Train datasets of interest residing at various locations, developing algorithms to match up and graph datasets along the A-Train track, and search through large amounts of data for areas and/or phenomena of interest. The aggregate amount of effort that can be expended on repeating pre-science tasks could climb into the tens of millions of dollars. The goal of the A-Train Data Depot (ATDD) is to enable free movement of remotely located A-Train data so that they are combined to create a consolidated vertical view of the Earth's Atmosphere along the A-Train tracks. The innovative approach of analyzing and visualizing atmospheric profiles along the platforms track (i.e., time) is accomplished by through the ATDDs Giovanni data analysis and visualization tool. Giovanni brings together data from Aqua (MODIS, AIRS, AMSR-E), Cloudsat (cloud profiling radar) and Calipso (CALIOP, IIR), as well as the Aura (OMI, MLS, HIRDLS, TES) to create a consolidated vertical view of the Earth's Atmosphere along the A-Train tracks. This easy to learn and use exploration tool will allow users to create vertical profiles of any desired A-Train dataset, for any given time of choice. This presentation shows the power of Giovanni by describing and illustrating how this tool facilitates and aids A-Train science and research. A web based display system Giovanni provides users with the capability of creating co-located profile images of temperature and humidity data from the MODIS, MLS and AIRS instruments for a user specified time and spatial area. In addition, Cloud and Aerosol profiles may also be displayed for the Cloudsat and Caliop instruments. The ability to modify horizontal and vertical axis range, data range and dynamic color range is also provided. Two dimensional strip plots of MODIS, AIRS, OM1 and POLDER parameters, co-located along the Cloudsat reference track, can also be plotted along with the Cloudsat cloud profiling data. Center swath pixels for the same parameters can also be shown as line plots overlaying the Cloudsat or Calipso profile images. Images and subsetted data produced in each analysis run may be downloaded. Users truly can explore and discover data specific to their needs prior to ever transferring data to their analysis tools.
Kempler, S.↗