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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Color matrix display simulation based upon luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity of early vision

This paper describes the design and operation of a new simulation model for color matrix display development. It models the physical structure, the signal processing, and the visual perception of static displays, to allow optimization of display design parameters through image quality measures. The model is simple, implemented in the Mathematica computer language, and highly modular. Signal processing modules operate on the original image. The hardware modules describe backlights and filters, the pixel shape, and the tiling of the pixels over the display. Small regions of the displayed image can be visualized on a CRT. Visual perception modules assume static foveal images. The image is converted into cone catches and then into luminance, red-green, and blue-yellow images. A Haar transform pyramid separates the three images into spatial frequency and direction-specific channels. The channels are scaled by weights taken from human contrast sensitivity measurements of chromatic and luminance mechanisms at similar frequencies and orientations. Each channel provides a detectability measure. These measures allow the comparison of images displayed on prospective devices and, by that, the optimization of display designs.

Martin, Russel A.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Producing EGS4 Shower Displays with the Unified Graphics System

The EGS4 Code System has been coupled with the SLAC Unified Graphics System in such a manner as to provide a means for displaying showers on UGS77-supported devices. This is most easily accomplished by attaching an auxiliary subprogram package (SHOWGRAF) t o existing EGS4 User Codes and making use of a graphics display or a post-processor code called EGS4PL. SHOWGRAF shower displays directly on interactive ing three-dimensional rotations, translations, may be used to create IBM 5080 color display devices, support- and zoom features, and providing illustration of particle types and energies by color and/or intensity. Alternatively, SHOWGRAF may be used to record a two-dimensional projection of the shower in a device-independent graphics file. The EGS4PL post-processor may then be used to convert this file into device-dependent graphics code for any UGS77-supported device. Options exist within EGS4PL that allow for two-dimensional translations and zoom, for creating line structure to indicate particle types and energies, and for optional display of particles by type. All of this is facilitated by means of the command processor EGS4PL EXEC together with new options (5080 and PDEV) with the standard EGS4IN EXEC routine for running EGS4 interactively under VM/SP.

Cowan, R.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Communicating with residential electrical devices via a vehicle telematics unit

A method of communicating with residential electrical devices using a vehicle telematics unit includes receiving information identifying a residential electrical device to control; displaying in a vehicle one or more controlled features of the identified residential electrical device; receiving from a vehicle occupant a selection of the displayed controlled features of the residential electrical device; sending an instruction from the vehicle telematics unit to the residential electrical device via a wireless carrier system in response to the received selection; and controlling the residential electrical device using the sent instruction.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Time-Dependent Mechanical Response of APbX 3 (A = Cs, CH 3 NH 3 ; X = I, Br) Single Crystals [The Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Lead-Halide Perovskite Single Crystals are Independent of A-site Cation Chemistry]

The ease of processing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIPs) films, belonging to a material class with composition ABX 3 , from solution and at mild temperatures promises their use in deformable technologies, including flexible photovoltaic devices, sensors, and displays. To successfully apply these materials in deformable devices, knowledge of their mechanical response to dynamic strain is necessary. The authors elucidate the time- and rate-dependent mechanical properties of HOIPs and an inorganic perovskite (IP) single crystal by measuring nanoindentation creep and stress relaxation. The observation of pop-in events and slip bands on the surface of the indented crystals demonstrate dislocation-mediated plastic deformation. The magnitudes of creep and relaxation of both HOIPs and IPs are similar, negating prior hypothesis that the presence of organic A-site cations alters the mechanical response of these materials. Moreover, these samples exhibit a pronounced increase in creep, and stress relaxation as a function of indentation rate whose magnitudes reflect differences in the rates of nucleation and propagation of dislocations within the crystal structures of HOIPs and IP. In conclusion, this contribution provides understanding that is critical for designing perovskite devices capable of withstanding mechanical deformations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2011

Backup Alignment Devices on Shuttle: Heads-Up Display or Crew Optical Alignment Sight

NASA s Space Shuttle was built to withstand multiple failures while still keeping the crew and vehicle safe. Although the design of the Space Shuttle had a great deal of redundancy built into each system, there were often additional ways to keep systems in the best configuration if a failure were to occur. One such method was to use select pieces of hardware in a way for which they were not primarily intended. The primary function of the Heads-Up Display (HUD) was to provide the crew with a display of flight critical information during the entry phase. The primary function of the Crew Optical Alignment Sight (COAS) was to provide the crew an optical alignment capability for rendezvous and docking phases. An alignment device was required to keep the Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) well aligned for a safe Entry; nominally this alignment device would be the two on-board Star Trackers. However, in the event of a Star Tracker failure, the HUD or COAS could also be used as a backup alignment device, but only if the device had been calibrated beforehand. Once the HUD or COAS was calibrated and verified then it was considered an adequate backup to the Star Trackers for entry IMU alignment. There were procedures in place and the astronauts were trained on how to accurately calibrate the HUD or COAS and how to use them as an alignment device. The calibration procedure for the HUD and COAS had been performed on many Shuttle missions. Many of the first calibrations performed were for data gathering purposes to determine which device was more accurate as a backup alignment device, HUD or COAS. Once this was determined, the following missions would frequently calibrate the HUD in order to be one step closer to having the device ready in case it was needed as a backup alignment device.

Chavez, Melissa A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Constructing and manipulating color imagery from digital data

The development of a multispectral scanner data analysis console is reported that incorporates a wideband tape unit, a teletypewriter, a digital computer, and color display as well as numeric display terminals. The device is able to digitize infrared scanner images and displays color differences according to signal differences between analog channels.

Davis, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1988

PC-CUBE: A Personal Computer Based Hypercube

PC-CUBE is an ensemble of IBM PCs or close compatibles connected in the hypercube topology with ordinary computer cables. Communication occurs at the rate of 115.2 K-band via the RS-232 serial links. Available for PC-CUBE is the Crystalline Operating System III (CrOS III), Mercury Operating System, CUBIX and PLOTIX which are parallel I/O and graphics libraries. A CrOS performance monitor was developed to facilitate the measurement of communication and computation time of a program and their effects on performance. Also available are CXLISP, a parallel version of the XLISP interpreter; GRAFIX, some graphics routines for the EGA and CGA; and a general execution profiler for determining execution time spent by program subroutines. PC-CUBE provides a programming environment similar to all hypercube systems running CrOS III, Mercury and CUBIX. In addition, every node (personal computer) has its own graphics display monitor and storage devices. These allow data to be displayed or stored at every processor, which has much instructional value and enables easier debugging of applications. Some application programs which are taken from the book Solving Problems on Concurrent Processors (Fox 88) were implemented with graphics enhancement on PC-CUBE. The applications range from solving the Mandelbrot set, Laplace equation, wave equation, long range force interaction, to WaTor, an ecological simulation.

Ho, Alex↗
DOE OSTI2020

Device and method for constructing and displaying high quality images from imaging data by transforming a data structure utilizing machine learning techniques

Constructing a computer image from raw imaging data or encoded imaging data by transforming a first data structure in which the raw imaging data or the encoded imaging data is stored into a second data structure storing reorganized imaging data. The raw imaging data or the encoded imaging data is received, stored in the first data structure. The computer reorganizes the raw imaging data or the encoded imaging data into the reorganized data and stores the reorganized data in the second data structure, which is a multi-dimensional array having subarrays containing local information needed by a convolutional neural network for processing the reorganized data. Other portions of the multi-dimensional array store other portions of the raw imaging data or the encoded imaging data. The computer also processes the reorganized data using the convolutional neural network to construct the image, whereby a constructed image is formed.

Korbin, John P.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Heterogeneous Structural Evolution of In–Zn–O Thin Films during Annealing

Amorphous In-Zn-O (a-IZO) thin films are among the most promising transparent conducting materials. Applications of a-IZO include thin film transistors for display technology and photovoltaic devices. However, the use of this material in practical devices has been impeded by limitations in our understanding of the relationship between a-IZO film structure and electrical properties. Here, we use in situ X-ray reflectivity to provide experimental evidence for a vertically heterogeneous, thermally induced structural relaxation that had been predicted for amorphous oxide films but not previously observed. The structural relaxation is shown to be dependent on the thermal annealing environment. Complementary in situ current-voltage curves and ex situ Van der Pauw measurements further show that thermal annealing also influences the electrical performance of the films. Here our results suggest that both oxygen uptake and structural relaxation contribute to the reduction in free carriers within a-IZO films during postdeposition processing. The structural heterogeneity and loss of carriers that occur during thermal annealing are only partly reversible. We anticipate that this insight into the structure-processing-property relationships within a-IZO will help to enable a-IZO-based devices.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2022

Turning Limitations into Opportunities in the Development of the Orion Medical System: Incorporation of mHealth Devices

INTRODUCTION: Selection of medical devices for the Orion medical system is a complex task which is dependent on the current state of terrestrial technology. In this work we review the interplay between NASA requirements, constraints, and opportunities for synergy during the development of the Orion medical system. METHODS: The “plan to treat” list of conditions, and subsequently the medical resource list for the Orion Artemis II lunar flyby mission was completed using semi-quantitative methods. During this process, some medical resources were excluded to comply with mass and volume limits, while other resources applicable to multiple medical requirements were prioritized for inclusion. Choices were also examined considering NASA level of care standards for the Artemis design reference missions. As a means to optimize capabilities in spite of mass and volume constraints, ideas for integration of multiple devices into a single platform were explored, including a ‘hackathon’ challenge which was conducted to generate and evaluate concepts for combining medical devices into a single app-based mobile device (ultrasound, ECG, etc.). RESULTS: The Orion team identified 128 medical conditions that we “plan to treat”, with 139 unique medical resources to address these conditions, including 5 digital diagnostic devices (ECG, otoscope, stethoscope, pulse oximeter, and blood pressure monitor). During selection of these digital devices the team noted that miniaturized medical devices often use mobile device platforms (mHealth), some displaying and transmitting data exclusively via mobile device. Of the 5 initially selected devices, all are capable of mobile connection, one which cannot function without a mobile device (ECG). Furthermore, only one of these devices connects natively to a Windows platform, which is currently the only operating system available on Orion. DISCUSSION: Significant savings in mass and volume as well as training and usability improvements can be achieved by leveraging mHealth technologies. However, the platform presents significant challenges for deployment within the Artemis Program including lack of internet connectivity, incompatible operating systems, and radiation concerns. Each of these drawbacks are surmountable with investment in the supporting vehicle architecture, which may become necessary to support the technology trends seen in commercially available medical devices today. Objective: Learn about the opportunities and challenges of leveraging mHealth devices in the development of medical capabilities for austere environments. Learn about the constraints of the NASA spaceflight environment with regards to digital medical device integration.

Douglas Ebert↗
NASA NTRS1972

Coordination and establishment of centralized facilities and services for the University of Alaska ERTS survey of the Alaskan environment

The author has identified the following significant results. Specifications have been prepared for the engineering design and construction of a digital color display unit which will be used for automatic processing of ERTS data. The color display unit is a disk refresh memory with computer interfaced input and a color cathode ray tube output display. The system features both analog and digital post disk data manipulation and a versatile color coding device suitable for displaying not only images, but also computer generated graphics such as diagrams, maps, and overlays. Input is from IBM compatible 9 track, 800 BPI tapes, as generated by an IBM 360 computer. ERTS digital tapes are read into the 360, where various analyses such as maximum likelihood classification are performed and the results are written on a magnetic tape which is the input to the color display unit. The greatest versatility in the data manipulation area is provided by the minicomputer built into the color display unit, which is off-line from the main 360 computer. The minicomputer is able to read any line from the refresh disk and place it in its 4K-16 bit memory. Considerable flexibility is available for post-processing enhancement of images by the investigator.

Belon, A. E.↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Effects of Threshold Voltage and Number of Fins per Transistor on the TID Response of GF 12LP Technology

This abstract presents a comprehensive analysis of total ionizing dose (TID) response in GlobalFoundries’ 12LP 12nm bulk FinFET technology using 10keV X-rays. Devices with higher threshold voltages (VTs) demonstrated lower increases in off-state leakage current (IDS,OFF) post-irradiation, highlighting the mitigating role of high VT in TID response. Our data shows that transistors with fewer fins exhibit superior TID resistance, implying lower susceptibility to radiation effects. Our study also probed two bias conditions, "Gate-On" and "Pass-Gate," with the former displaying more severe TID degradation. Interestingly, p-type devices displayed negligible degradation, underscoring their inherent resilience to TID effects. Additionally, medium thick n-type devices echoed the fin-count-dependent TID response observed in other transistor types, further strengthening our findings. These results underscore the importance of strategic transistor selection and design for enhancing the TID resilience of future CMOS FinFET architectures, particularly critical in radiation-intense environments.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2014

Team Electronic Gameplay Combining Different Means of Control

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses provided for modifying the effect of an operator controlled input device on an interactive device to encourage the self-regulation of at least one physiological activity by a person different than the operator. The interactive device comprises a display area which depicts images and apparatus for receiving at least one input from the operator controlled input device to thus permit the operator to control and interact with at least some of the depicted images. One effect modification comprises measurement of the physiological activity of a person different from the operator, while modifying the ability of the operator to control and interact with at least some of the depicted images by modifying the input from the operator controlled input device in response to changes in the measured physiological signal.

Pope, Alan T.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Self-powered and reversible light-directed electrophoretic deposition device for use in smart windows and photodetector displays

According to one embodiment, a method includes receiving light on a photoconductive layer of an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) device, the EPD device having a chamber defined by a first sheet, a second sheet and a spacer between the first and second sheets, where the first sheet is nonopaque and includes the photoconductive layer, where the second sheet is nonopaque and spaced from the first sheet, where a fluidic solution having a plurality of particles is in the chamber. The particles in the solution are attracted from suspension to illuminated portions of the photoconductive layer in the absence of an external voltage applied to the first and second sheets. The particles become deposited on the illuminated portions of the photoconductive layer.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2019

Image-Based Localization of Ultraviolet Corona

Systems and methods for identifying a fault in an electrical distribution system may include capturing an image of a corona event associated with a component of the electrical distribution system and processing the image of the corona event to identify the center and boundary of the corona event. An overlay for display with the image of the corona event may be generated, where the overlay identifying at least a center of the corona event and may be displayed to a user via a user interface device. In some cases, an unmanned aerial vehicle may comprise one or more image sensors capable of capturing the image of the corona event and communicate the images to a remote device for processing and display to the user. The image captured by the image sensors may include an ultraviolet image, a visible spectrum image, an infrared image, or a combination of image types.

Moore, Andrew J.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Solid-state data interpretation system - A concept

Device, serving as substitute for cathode ray tubes, applies to computer input-output devices such as microfilm readers, data displays, and optical scanners. Each device operates at speed of modern computer.

Hagenau, K.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Neutron Scattering Investigation of the Relationship between Molecular Structure, Morphology and Dynamics in Conjugated Polymers

Conjugated polymers (CP) have enabled significant technological advances such as inexpensive organic solar cells (OPVs), biomedical sensor devices and flexible displays incorporating organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) among others. Some of the distinguishing properties of CPs include simple processing from solutions, synthesis from abundant raw materials (C, H, S, N), flexible device form-factors and a capacity to fine-tune optical and electronic properties. Moreover, conductive polymers can assemble into large organized structures, such as nanowires and networks, that can significantly boost their performance. However, it is observed that small changes in the structure of the molecules (e.g. addition of alkyl groups) results in drastic and unpredictable changes in organized structures and electronic properties. This project utilized a comprehensive suite of elastic (SANS and USANS) and quasi-elastic (NSE and backscattering spectroscopy) neutron scattering techniques along with simultaneous property evaluation to unravel the relationships between molecular structure, self-assembly, directed-assembly and the resulting properties. Completed project objectives were: 1) to evaluate the influence of chain architecture on solution conformation, 2) to determine of the influence of molecular structure on CP self and directed assembly and 3) to study the correlation between dynamic molecular relaxations and macroscopic properties of CPs in the solid state. The experimental components of the project were further complemented by advanced molecular simulation strategies (e.g. atomistic MD and DFT) to fully understand the relationship between chain structure, mesoscale morphology, dynamic relaxation processes and the macroscopic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

BeZnCdSe quantum-well ridge-waveguide laser diodes under low threshold room-temperature continuous-wave operation

Low threshold current ridge-waveguide BeZnCdSe quantum-well laser diodes (LDs) have been developed by completely etching away the top p-type BeMgZnSe/ZnSe:N short-period superlattice cladding layer, which can suppress the leakage current that flows laterally outside of the electrode. The waveguide LDs are covered with a thick SiO{sub 2} layer and planarized with chemical-mechanical polishing and a reactive ion etching process. Room-temperature lasing under continuous-wave condition is achieved with the laser cavity formed by the cleaved waveguide facets coated with high-reflectivity dielectric films. For a 4 μm-wide green LD lasing around a wavelength of 535 nm, threshold current and voltage of 7.07 mA and 7.89 V are achieved for a cavity length of 300 μm, and the internal differential quantum efficiency, internal absorption loss, gain constant, and nominal transparency current density are estimated to be 27%, 4.09 cm{sup −1}, 29.92 (cm × μm)/kA and 6.35 kA/(cm{sup 2 }× μm), respectively. This compact device can realize a significantly improved performance with much lower threshold power consumption, which would benefit the potential application for ZnSe-based green LDs as light sources in full-color display and projector devices installed in consumer products such as pocket projectors.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗