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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

PSR J1840-1419: A VERY COOL NEUTRON STAR

We present upper limits on the X-ray emission for three neutron stars. For PSR J1840-1419, with a characteristic age of 16.5 Myr, we calculate a blackbody temperature upper limit (at 99% confidence) of kT {sup {infinity}} {sub bb} < 24{sup +17} {sub -10} eV, making this one of the coolest neutron stars known. PSRs J1814-1744 and J1847-0130 are both high magnetic field pulsars, with inferred surface dipole magnetic field strengths of 5.5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 13} and 9.4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 13} G, respectively. Our temperature upper limits for these stars are kT {sup {infinity}} {sub bb} < 123{sup +20} {sub -33} eV and kT {sup {infinity}} {sub bb} < 115{sup +16} {sub -33} eV, showing that these high magnetic field pulsars are not significantly hotter than those with lower magnetic fields. Finally, we put these limits into context by summarizing all temperature measurements and limits for rotation-driven neutron stars.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

HYPERFINE STRUCTURE CONSTANTS OF ENERGETICALLY HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF ODD PARITY OF ATOMIC VANADIUM

High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of a vanadium-argon plasma have been recorded in the wavelength range of 365-670 nm (15,000-27,400 cm{sup –1}). Optical bandpass filters were used in the experimental setup to enhance the sensitivity of the Fourier transform spectrometer. In total, 138 atomic vanadium spectral lines showing resolved or partially resolved hyperfine structure have been analyzed to determine the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A of the involved energy levels. One of the investigated lines has not been previously classified. As a result, the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A for 90 energy levels are presented: 35 of them belong to the configuration 3d {sup 3}4s4p and 55 to the configuration 3d {sup 4}4p. Of these 90 constants, 67 have been determined for the first time, with 23 corresponding to the configuration 3d {sup 3}4s4p and 44 to 3d {sup 4}4p.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Phase separation of a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in the quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional regime

We consider a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, which contains atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned along the z direction (labeled as component 1) and nonmagnetic atoms (labeled as component 2). The problem is studied by means of exact numerical simulations. The effects of dipole-dipole interaction on phase separations are investigated. It is shown that, in the quasi-one-dimensional regime, the atoms in component 2 are squeezed out when the dimensionless dipolar strength parameter is small, whereas the atoms in component 1 are pushed out instead when the parameter is large. This is in contrast to the phenomena in the quasi-two-dimensional regime. These two components are each kicked out by the other in the quasi-one-dimensional regime and this phenomenon is discussed as well.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

A phenomenological wobbling model for isolated pulsars and the braking index

ABSTRACT An isolated pulsar is a rotating neutron star possessing a very high magnetic dipole moment, thus providing a powerful radiating mechanism. These stars loose rotational energy E through various processes, including a plasma wind originating from a highly magnetized magnetosphere and the emission of magnetic dipole radiation (MDR). Such phenomena produce a time decreasing angular velocity Ω(t) of the pulsar that is usually quantified in terms of its braking index. Although these mechanisms are widely acknowledged as the primary drivers of the spin evolution of isolated pulsars, it is plausible that other contributing factors influencing this effect have yet to be comprehensively investigated. Most of young isolated pulsars present a braking index different from that given by the MDR and plasma wind processes. Working in the weak field (Newtonian) limit, we take in this work a step forward in describing the evolution of such a system by allowing the star’s shape to wobble around an ellipsoidal configuration as a backreaction effect produced by its rotational deceleration. It is assumed that an internal damping of the oscillations occurs, thus introducing another form of energy loss in the system, and this phenomenon may be related to the deviation of the braking index from the models based on $\dot{E} \sim -\Omega ^4$ predictions. Numerical calculations suggest that the average braking index for typical isolated pulsars can be thus explained by a simple phenomenological model.

Araujo, E. C. A. (ORCID:0000000213520879)↗
DOE OSTI2017

Solitary Oxygen Dopant Emission from Carbon Nanotubes Modified by Dielectric Metasurfaces

All-dielectric metasurfaces made from arrays of high index nanoresonators supporting strong magnetic dipole modes have emerged as a low-loss alternative to plasmonic metasurfaces. Here we use oxygen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as quantum emitters and couple them to silicon metasurfaces to study effects of the magnetic dipole modes of the constituent nanoresonators on the photoluminescence (PL) of individual SWCNTs. We find that when in resonance, the magnetic mode of the silicon nanoresonators can lead to a moderate average PL enhancement of 0.8–4.0 of the SWCNTs, accompanied by an average increase in the radiative decay rate by a factor of 1.5–3.0. More interestingly, single dopant polarization experiments show an anomalous photoluminescence polarization rotation by coupling individual SWCNTs to silicon nanoresonators. Numerical simulations indicate that this is caused by modification of near-field polarization distribution at certain areas in the proximity of the silicon nanoresonators at the excitation wavelength, thus presenting an approach to control emission polarization. In conclusion, these findings indicate silicon nanoresonators as potential building blocks of quantum photonic circuits capable of manipulating PL intensity and polarization of single photon sources.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Bound states for neutral particles in a rotating frame in the cosmic string spacetime

We study the noninertial effects of rotating frames on the Landau quantization for neutral particles with a permanent magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a linear topological defect. We build a rotating frame where the field configuration acts on the dipole moment of the neutral particle without any torque, which agrees with the Landau quantization established previously. We will show that the noninertial effects modify the cyclotron frequency obtained in the absence of rotation, but they do not break the infinity degeneracy of the Landau levels. However, the presence of the topological defect modifies the cyclotron frequency and breaks the degeneracy of the Landau levels.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

FEA Simulations of Magnets with Grain Oriented Steel

One of the potential successors of the Large Hadron Collider is a Muon Collider. Muons are short-lived particles, which therefore require fast acceleration. One potential avenue is a very fast cycling cyclotron, where the bending is sup- plied by a combination of fixed-field superconducting magnets and fast ramping normal conducting iron-cored coils. Due to the high ramping rate (around 1 kHz) eddy current and hysteresis losses are a concern. One way to overcome these is by using grain-oriented soft-iron, which promises superior magnetic properties in the direction of the grains. This note summarizes efforts to include the anisotropic material properties of grain-oriented steel in finite element analysis to predict the behaviour of the dipole magnets for this accelerator. It was found that including anisotropic material properties has a detrimental effect on model convergence. During this study it was not possible to include grain oriented steel with an accuracy necessary to study the field quality of a dipole magnet.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Estimation of dose delivered to accelerator devices from stripping of 18.5 MeV/n 238 U ions using the FLUKA code

In Korea, a heavy ion accelerator facility (RAON) has been designed for production of rare isotopes. The 90° bending section of this accelerator includes a 1.3-μm-carbon stripper followed by two dipole magnets and other devices. An incident beam is 18.5 MeV/n 238 U 33+,34+ ions passing through the carbon stripper at the beginning of the section. The two dipoles are tuned to transport 238 U ions with specific charge states of 77+, 78+, 79+, 80+ and 81+. Then other ions will be deflected at the bends and cause beam losses. These beam losses are a concern to the devices of transport/beam line. The absorbed dose in devices and prompt dose in the tunnel were calculated using the FLUKA code in order to estimate radiation damage of such devices located at the 90° bending section and for the radiation protection. A novel method to transport multi-charged 238 U ions beam was applied in the FLUKA code by using charge distribution of 238 U ions after the stripper obtained from LISE++ code. The calculated results showed that the absorbed dose in the devices is influenced by the geometrical arrangement. The maximum dose was observed at the coils of first, second, fourth and fifth quadruples placed after first dipole magnet. The integrated doses for 30 years of operation with 9.5 pμA 238 U ions were about 2 MGy for those quadrupoles. In conclusion, the protection of devices particularly, quadruples would be necessary to reduce the damage to devices. Furthermore, results showed that the prompt radiation penetrated within the first 60 - 120 cm of concrete.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Energies and transition parameters of fusion interest in Cr-like ions between Hf XLIX and Au LVI

Using fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) wavefunctions in an active space approximation, we perform systematic calculations of the energies, wavelengths, and lifetimes for the lowest 143 levels belonging to the 3p{sup 6}3d{sup 6} and 3p{sup 5}3d{sup 7} configurations of Cr-like ions between Hf XLIX and Au LVI. Additionally, line strengths, oscillator strengths, and radiative rates for the electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels are reported. In the calculations, the contributions from Breit interaction (BI) and quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections to the wave functions are taken into account (the addition of the BI and QED in CI affects both the wave functions and the level energies). For some excited states, there are no other theoretical and/or experimental data to compare with to illustrate the quality of our results/assess the accuracy. A similar calculation has been performed with the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC), using W LI as an example. The results obtained in this work are compared with the data compiled in the Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and other available theoretical/experimental information. Satisfactory agreement is found between them. The energies agree within 0.8% with the experimental results, and the M1 transition rates agree within 5% with other theoretical results. The present results are more extensive than those from previous calculations and considerably expand the existing data sets for Cr-like ions. This study should be beneficial for the analysis of experimental spectra and modeling of fusion plasmas.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Optical activity of solids from first principles

Within the framework of independent particle approximation, the optical activity tensor of solids is formulated as from different contributions: the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and band dispersion terms. The first two terms have similar counterparts in the theory of finite systems, whereas the last term is unique for crystals. Further, the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transition moments are calculated with a sum-over-states formulation. We apply the formulation to calculate and analyze the optical rotation of elemental tellurium and the circular dichroism of the (6,4) carbon nanotube. Decomposed optical activity into different contributions is discussed. The calculated spectra agree well with experiments. As a showcase of achiral crystals, we calculate the optical activity of wurtzite GaN.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Estimation of the Required Dipole Corrector Magnetic Field for PIP-II Injection Based on Beam Studies

The Fermilab Booster will accept a 600 µs beam pulse from the new superconducting Linac for PIP-II operations. The Booster is a rapid-cycling synchrotron that uses a resonant magnet circuit ramping at 15 Hz. For PIP-II, the cycle rate will increase to 20 Hz, and the injection pulse length will expand from 40 µs to 600 µs due to the lower output current from the new Linac. Because the Booste main bending field follows a sinusoidal waveform, the magnetic field is not constant during the extended injection window. The longer pulse length and higher repetition rate modify the beam orbit and can lead to increased beam losses. The Booster contains 48 dipole-corrector packages distributed across its 24 periods. Each package includes horizontal and vertical dipoles, quadrupole, sextupole, skew-quadrupole, and skew-sextupole elements. By driving the dipole correctors with an appropriately shaped sinusoidal waveform during injection, we can compensate the changing main field and create an effectively flat bending field—referred to as flat injection. Over the past several years, machine studies have been performed to characterize the required correction fields and to determine the corresponding power-supply specifications needed for PIP-II operation. In this presentation, we will summarize the study results and discuss the estimated magnetic field requirements and power supply parameters for achieving flat injection in the Booster.

Seiya, K. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000250576943)↗
DOE OSTI2012

Kapitza problem for the magnetic moments of synthetic antiferromagnetic systems

The dynamics of magnetization in synthetic antiferromagnetic systems with the magnetic dipole coupling in a rapidly oscillating field has been examined. It has been revealed that the system can behave similar to the Kapitza pendulum. It has been shown that an alternating magnetic field can be efficiently used to control the magnetic state of a cell of a synthetic antiferromagnet. Analytical relations have been obtained between the parameters of such an antiferromagnet and an external magnetic field at which certain quasistationary states are implemented.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

THE SPIN-DOWN OF SWIFT J1822.3-1606: A NEW GALACTIC MAGNETAR

On 2011 July 14, a new magnetar candidate, Swift J1822.3-1606, was identified via a rate trigger on the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope. Here we present an initial analysis of the X-ray properties of the source, using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, Swift, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, spanning 2011 July 16-October 8. We measure a precise spin period of P = 8.43771968(6) s and a spin-down rate of P-dot =2.54(22) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -13}, at MJD 55761.0, corresponding to an inferred surface dipole magnetic field of B = 4.7(2) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 13} G, the second lowest thus far measured for a magnetar, though similar to those of 1E 2259+586 and several high-magnetic field radio pulsars. We show that the flux decay in the 1-10 keV band is best fit by a double exponential with timescales of 9 {+-} 1 and 55 {+-} 9 days. The pulsed count rate decay in the 2-10 keV band, by contrast, is better fit by a single exponential decay with timescale 15.9 {+-} 0.2 days. After increasing from {approx}35% for {approx}20 days after the onset of the outburst, the pulsed fraction in the 2-10 keV band remained constant at {approx}45%. We argue that these properties confirm this source to be a new member of the class of objects known as magnetars. We consider the distribution of magnetar periods and inferred dipole magnetic field strengths, showing that the former appears flat in the 2-12 s range, while the latter appears peaked in the 10{sup 14}-10{sup 15} G range.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment: laser calibration system

The anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment can be measured (and calculated) with great precision thus providing insight on the Standard Model and new physics. Currently an experiment is under construction at Fermilab (U.S.A.) which is expected to measure the anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment with unprecedented precision. One of the improvements with respect to the previous experiments is expected to come from the laser calibration system which has been designed and constructed by the Italian part of the collaboration (INFN). Furthermore, an emphasis of this paper will be on the calibration system that is in the final stages of construction as well as the experiment which is expected to start data taking this year.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Kinetic structures of quasi-perpendicular shocks in global particle-in-cell simulations

We carried out global Particle-in-Cell simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and a magnetosphere to study the kinetic collisionless physics in super-critical quasi-perpendicular shocks. After an initial simulation transient, a collisionless bow shock forms as a result of the interaction of the solar wind and a planet magnetic dipole. The shock ramp has a thickness of approximately one ion skin depth and is followed by a trailing wave train in the shock downstream. At the downstream edge of the bow shock, whistler waves propagate along the magnetic field lines and the presence of electron cyclotron waves has been identified. A small part of the solar wind ion population is specularly reflected by the shock while a larger part is deflected and heated by the shock. Solar wind ions and electrons are heated in the perpendicular directions. Ions are accelerated in the perpendicular direction in the trailing wave train region. This work is an initial effort to study the electron and ion kinetic effects developed near the bow shock in a realistic magnetic field configuration.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effective field theory for dark matter absorption on single phonons

Single phonon excitations, with energies in the 1–100 meV range, are a powerful probe of light dark matter (DM). Utilizing effective field theory, we derive a framework to compute DM absorption rates into single phonons starting from general DM-electron, proton, and neutron interactions. We apply the framework to a variety of DM models: Yukawa coupled scalars, axionlike particles with derivative interactions, and vector DM coupling via gauge interactions or Standard Model electric and magnetic dipole moments. We find that GaAs or Al 2 O 3 targets can set powerful constraints on a U ( 1 ) B − L model, and targets with electronic spin ordering are similarly sensitive to DM coupling to the electron magnetic dipole moment. Lastly, we make the code, (an extension of the existing code which computes general DM–single phonon scattering rates), publicly available. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Magnetic relaxation in dysprosium-dysprosium collisions

The collisional magnetic reorientation rate constant g{sub R} is measured for magnetically trapped atomic dysprosium (Dy), an atom with large magnetic dipole moments. Using buffer gas cooling with cold helium, large numbers (>10{sup 11}) of Dy are loaded into a magnetic trap and the buffer gas is subsequently removed. The decay of the trapped sample is governed by collisional reorientation of the atomic magnetic moments. We find g{sub R}=1.9{+-}0.5x10{sup -11} cm{sup 3} s{sup -1} at 390 mK. We also measure the magnetic reorientation rate constant of holmium (Ho), another highly magnetic atom, and find g{sub R}=5{+-}2x10{sup -12} cm{sup 3} s{sup -1} at 690 mK. The Zeeman relaxation rates of these atoms are greater than expected for the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, suggesting that another mechanism, such as an anisotropic electrostatic interaction, is responsible. Comparison with estimated elastic collision rates suggests that Dy is a poor candidate for evaporative cooling in a magnetic trap.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗