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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Limb radiance inversion: Iterative convergence for a nonlinear kernal

The features of the limb inversion problem that differentiate it from the nadir problem are described; the most important of these are the sharply peaked weighting functions and the nonlinear kernel that arises because the atmosphere is required to be in hydrostatic balance. The problem may be split into two parts: given the pressure at one level and the measured radiances, can the temperatures be retrieved? And how can the pressure be obtained at one level? The second problem is shown to depend on the first, which is solved iteratively. The convergence properties and final accuracies are presented. Inversion to obtain trace constituents is briefly discussed.

Gille, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of flow in the entrance region of a converging channel.

An approximate solution for the laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in the entrance region of a converging channel is obtained. The radial velocity distribution at the entrance of the channel is taken to be a symmetric but otherwise arbitrary function of the angular position. Expressions for the velocity components and pressure are given. The case of the uniformly distributed entrance velocity is considered as an example.

Atabek, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A convergence theory for a class of nonlinear programming problems.

A recent convergence theory of Elkin concerning methods for unconstrained minimization is extended to a certain class of nonlinear programming problems. As in Elkin's original approach, the analysis of a variety of step-length algorithms is treated entirely separately from that of several direction algorithms. This allows for their combination into many different methods for solving the constrained problem. These include some of the methods of Rosen and Zoutendijk. We also extend the results of Topkis and Veinott to nonconvex sets and drop their requirement of the uniform feasibility of a subsequence of the search directions.

Rauch, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Convergence of finite difference transient response computations for thin shells.

Numerical studies pertaining to the limits of applicability of the finite difference method in the solution of linear transient shell response problems are performed, and a computational procedure for the use of the method is recommended. It is found that the only inherent limitation of the finite difference method is its inability to reproduce accurately response discontinuities. This is not a serious limitation in view of natural constraints imposed by the extension of Saint Venant's principle to transient response problems. It is also found that the short wavelength limitations of thin shell (Bernoulli-Euler) theory create significant convergence difficulties in computed response to certain types of transverse excitations. These difficulties may be overcome, however, through proper selection of finite difference mesh dimensions and temporal smoothing of the excitation.

Sobel, L. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Pressure distribution in a converging-diverging nozzle during two-phase choked flow of subcooled nitrogen

Choked flow rates and axial pressure distributions were measured for subcooled nitrogen in a converging-diverging nozzle with a constant area section in the throat region. Stagnation pressures ranged from slightly above saturation to twice the thermodynamic critical pressure. Stagnation temperatures ranged from 0.75 to 1.03 times the thermodynamic critical temperature. The choking plane is at the divergence end of the constant area throat section. At high stagnation pressures the fluid stays liquid well into the constant area throat region; at near saturation stagnation pressures it appears that vaporization occurs at or before the entrance to the constant area throat region. The throat-to-stagnation pressure ratio data exhibits an anomalous flat region, and this anomaly is related to the two-phase process. The fluid is metastably all liquid below the saturation pressure.

Simoneau, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Convergence acceleration and shock fitting for transonic aerodynamics computations

Two problems in computational fluid dynamics are studied in the context of transonic small-disturbance theory - namely, (1) how to speed up the convergence for currently available iterative procedures, and (2) how a shock-fitting method may be adapted to existing relaxation procedures with minimal alterations in computer programming and storage requirements. The paper contributes to a clarification of error analyses for sequence transformations based on the power method (including also the nonlinear transforms of Aitken, Shanks, and Wilkinson), and to developing a cyclic iterative procedure applying the transformations. Examples testing the procedure for a model Dirichlet problem and for a transonic airfoil problem show that savings in computer time by a factor of three to five are generally possible, depending on accuracy requirements and the particular iterative procedure used.-

Hafez, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A technique for accelerating iterative convergence in numerical integration, with application in transonic aerodynamics

A technique is described for the efficient numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations by rapid iteration. In particular, a special approach is described for applying the Aitken acceleration formula (a simple Pade approximant) for accelerating the iterative convergence. The method finds the most appropriate successive approximations, which are in a most nearly geometric sequence, for use in the Aitken formula. Simple examples are given to illustrate the use of the method. The method is then applied to the mixed elliptic-hyperbolic problem of steady, inviscid, transonic flow over an airfoil in a subsonic free stream.

Martin, E. D.↗
NASA NTRS1926

Lattice arrangements for rapid convergence

A simple, systematic, optimized vortex-lattice approach is developed for application to lifting-surface problems. It affords a significant reduction in computational costs when compared to current methods. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out on a wide variety of configurations, including wings with camber and single or multiple flaps, as well as high-lift jetflap systems. Rapid convergence as the number of spanwise or chordwise lattices are increased is assured, along with accurate answers. The results from this model should be useful not only in preliminary aircraft design but also, for example, as input for wake vortex roll-up studies and transonic flow calculations.

Hough, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Pressure distribution in a converging-diverging nozzle during two-phase choked flow of subcooled nitrogen

Choked flow rates and axial pressure distributions were measured for subcooled nitrogen in a converging-diverging nozzle with a constant area section in the throat region. Stagnation pressures ranged from slightly above saturation to twice the thermodynamic critical pressure. Stagnation temperatures ranged from 0.75 to 1.03 times the thermodynamic critical temperature. The choking plane appears to be at the divergence end of the constant area throat section. At high stagnation pressures the fluid appears to stay liquid well into the constant area throat region; however, at near saturation stagnation pressures it appears that vaporization occurs at or before the entrance to the constant area throat region. The throat-to-stagnation pressure ratio data exhibits an anomalous flat region. This anomaly appears to be fundamentally related to the two-phase process and not merely to the present specific nozzle geometry. The fluid appears to be metastably all liquid below the saturation pressure. The data are compared to various flow models. No model adequately describes the whole range of the experiment.

Simoneau, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A technique for accelerating iterative convergence in numerical integration, with application in transonic aerodynamics

A technique is described for the efficient numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations by rapid iteration. In particular, a special approach is described for applying the Aitken acceleration formula (a simple Pade approximant) for accelerating the iterative convergence. The method finds the most appropriate successive approximations, which are in a most nearly geometric sequence, for use in the Aitken formula. Simple examples are given to illustrate the use of the method. The method is then applied to the mixed elliptic-hyperbolic problem of steady, inviscid, transonic flow over an airfoil in a subsonic free stream.

Martin, E. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Total attenuation measurements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone by satellite altimeter

The 13.9-GHz radar altimeter operating aboard Skylab detected incidences of intense attenuation during a passage over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The signal returned to the instrument from the surface was reduced by 4.5 and 6 dB over two distinct meteorological disturbances near 8 deg N, 27.5 deg W. Although it is impossible to deduce the vertical composition of the ITCZ cloud band from these data, the usefulness of the radar altimeter as a meteorological sensor of total atmospheric attenuation is demonstrated.

Parsons, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Limitations of the narrow-angle convergent pair

Spatial triangulations and topographies of the Martian surface derived from Viking Orbiter pictures depend on the use of symmetric narrow-angle convergent pairs. The overlap in each pair is close to 100 percent and the ground principal points virtually coincide. The analysis of this paper reveals a high degree of indeterminacy in such pairs and at least in part explains the rather disappointing precision of the associated spatial triangulations.

Arthur, D. W. G.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Moisture convergence from a combined mesoscale moisture analysis and wind field for 24 April 1975

Precipitable water values inferred from the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer data of the polar orbiting NOAA-4 satellite are used in conjunction with wind-field analyses obtained from Synchronous Meteorological Satellite visible-channel data to study the moisture convergence in the boundary layer immediately preceding a storm. This combination of data simulates the information that will be available from the Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer on board the GOES-D satellite, which is scheduled to begin operation in the 1980s. Serviceable representations of boundary layer flow are developed through analysis of the satellite infrared cumulus velocities, although the flow representations are not exactly located in the vertical.

Negri, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The 1977 intertropical convergence zone experiment

Data are presented from the 1977 Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Experiment conducted in the Panama Canal Zone in July 1977. Measurements were made daily over a 16-day period when the ITCZ moved across the Canal Zone. Two aircraft (Learjet and U-2) flew daily and provided data from horizontal traverses at several altitudes to 21.3 km of ozone, temperature, pressure, water vapor, aerosols, fluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and nitric acid. Balloonsondes flown four times per day provided data on ozone, wind fields, pressure, temperature, and humidities to altitudes near 30 km. Rocketsondes provided daily data to altitudes near 69 km. Satellite photography provided detailed cloud information. Descriptions of individual experiments and detailed compilations of all results are provided.

Poppoff, I. G.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The intertropical convergence zone experiment: Background and summary

The Intertropical Convergence Zone Experiment (ITCZ) was the first in an anticipated series of observational programs designed to explore the nature and magnitude of troposphere-stratosphere exchange processes. The overall meteorological background and motivations for a measurement program in the ITCZ are summarized and the nature of the field experiments are briefly described.

Holton, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Notes on the meteorology of the intertropical convergence zone during the July 1977 experiment

The stratosphere and troposphere are large-scale open systems which exchange mass and trace constituents. If averaged over all longitudes, mass exchange can be expressed as products of the means and the mean of the product of the deviations from the mean. At high latitudes, the mass exchange is dominated by the deviations from the mean. At low latitudes, in the tropics, it is generally assumed that the mass exchange is caused by the mean motion. Figures are presented which depict: Northern Hemisphere mean motion; Convergence Zone motion; clouds and their motions; surface pressure variations; and meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and ozone mixing ratios.

Danielson, E. F.↗