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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Time-resolved soft x-ray absorption setup using multi-bunch operation modes at synchrotrons

Here, we report on a novel experimental apparatus for performing time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the sub-ns time scale using non-hybrid multi-bunch mode synchrotron radiation. The present setup is based on a variable repetition rate Ti:sapphire laser (pump pulse) synchronized with the {approx}500 MHz x-ray synchrotron radiation bunches and on a detection system that discriminates and singles out the significant x-ray photon pulses by means of a custom made photon counting unit. The whole setup has been validated by measuring the time evolution of the L{sub 3} absorption edge during the melting and the solidification of a Ge single crystal irradiated by an intense ultrafast laser pulse. These results pave the way for performing synchrotron time-resolved experiments in the sub-ns time domain with variable repetition rate exploiting the full flux of the synchrotron radiation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Hundreds MeV monoenergetic proton bunch from interaction of 10{sup 20-21} W/cm{sup 2} circularly polarized laser pulse with tailored complex target

A complex target (CT) configuration tailored for generating high quality proton bunch by circularly polarized laser pulses at intensities of 10{sup 20-21} W/cm{sup 2} is proposed. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that both the collimation and mono-energetic qualities of the accelerated proton bunch obtained using a front-shaped thin foil can be greatly enhanced by the backside inhomogeneous plasma layer. The main mechanisms for improving the accelerated protons are identified and discussed. These include stabilization of the photon cavity, providing hole-boring supplementary acceleration and suppressing the thermal-electron effects. A theory for tailoring the CT parameters is also presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Phase sensitive monitoring of electron bunch form and arrival time in superconducting linear accelerators

In this Letter, we present a simple approach for monitoring electron bunch form and arrival time combining electro-optic sampling and phase and frequency sensitive signal detection. The sensitivity of the technique has the potential to allow online diagnostics to be performed down to bunch charges in the femto coulomb regime. The concept has high impact for the developments of the next generation of 4th generation x-ray light sources working with long pulse trains or continuous wave mode of operation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Study of nonlinear interaction between bunched beam and intermediate cavities in a relativistic klystron amplifier

In intermediate cavities of a relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) driven by intense relativistic electron beam, the equivalent circuit model, which is widely adopted to investigate the interaction between bunched beam and the intermediate cavity in a conventional klystron design, is invalid due to the high gap voltage and the nonlinear beam loading in a RKA. According to Maxwell equations and Lorentz equation, the self-consistent equations for beam-wave interaction in the intermediate cavity are introduced to study the nonlinear interaction between bunched beam and the intermediate cavity in a RKA. Based on the equations, the effects of modulation depth and modulation frequency of the beam on the gap voltage amplitude and its phase are obtained. It is shown that the gap voltage is significantly lower than that estimated by the equivalent circuit model when the beam modulation is high. And the bandwidth becomes wider as the beam modulation depth increases. An S-band high gain relativistic klystron amplifier is designed based on the result. And the corresponding experiment is carried out on the linear transformer driver accelerator. The peak output power has achieved 1.2 GW with an efficiency of 28.6% and a gain of 46 dB in the corresponding experiment.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Terahertz radiation source based on self-wake beam bunching

A table top device for producing high power T-ray beams is described. A rectangular electron beam that can be produced out of a photoinjector via stacking of the laser pulse, and running off-crest of the photoinjector rf is sent through a dielectric loaded waveguide. Due to the beam's self-wake its energy becomes modulated. In the chicane beamline following the dielectric energy-bunching section this energy modulation is converted to a density modulation-a bunch train. The density modulated beam can be sent through a power extraction section, like a dielectric loaded accelerating structure, or simply can intercept a foil target, producing THz radiation of various bandwidths and power levels.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

High-charge energetic electron bunch generated by intersecting laser pulses

The interaction of two energetic electron bunches generated in the wakefields of two intense intersecting laser pulses in rarefied plasmas is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. It is found that, with suitable intersection angle between the two laser pulses, the initially independent wakefield accelerated electron bunches can merged into a single one with high charge, energy, and narrow energy spread. The dynamics of the laser-pulse intersection and wake-bubble merging process is also investigated, and the crucial roles of the intersection angle are pointed out and analyzed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Demonstration of cathode emittance dominated high bunch charge beams in a DC gun-based photoinjector

We present the results of transverse emittance and longitudinal current profile measurements of high bunch charge (≥100 pC) beams produced in the DC gun-based Cornell energy recovery linac photoinjector. In particular, we show that the cathode thermal and core beam emittances dominate the final 95% and core emittances measured at 9–9.5 MeV. Additionally, we demonstrate excellent agreement between optimized 3D space charge simulations and measurement, and show that the quality of the transverse laser distribution limits the optimal simulated and measured emittances. These results, previously thought achievable only with RF guns, demonstrate that DC gun based photoinjectors are capable of delivering beams with sufficient single bunch charge and beam quality suitable for many current and next generation accelerator projects such as Energy Recovery Linacs and Free Electron Lasers.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Non-linear effects in bunch compressor of TARLA

Transport of a beam through an accelerator beamline is affected by high order and non-linear effects such as space charge, coherent synchrotron radiation, wakefield, etc. These effects damage form of the beam, and they lead particle loss, emittance growth, bunch length variation, beam halo formation, etc. One of the known non-linear effects on low energy machine is space charge effect. In this study we focus on space charge effect for Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory in Ankara (TARLA) machine which is designed to drive InfraRed Free Electron Laser covering the range of 3-250 µm. Moreover, we discuss second order effects on bunch compressor of TARLA.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

New generation bunch shape monitor for ion accelerators

Measuring longitudinal beam parameters is important for operation and development of high intensity linear accelerators, but it is notoriously difficult for proton and ion beams at non-relativistic energies. The Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) is a device used for measuring the longitudinal bunch distribution in ion linacs. The existing BSM models have poor electron collection efficiency from the wire and are limited to one-dimensional measurements of the phase coordinate. In response to this problem, we have developed a new generation BSM with improved performance. The proposed design incorporates three major innovations: First, the collection efficiency was improved by adding a focusing field between the wire and the entrance slit, which will also allow measurements over a much wider dynamic range. Second, an improvement in the measurement speed was achieved by sampling longitudinal profiles of multiple energy slices simultaneously, where the BSM wire is placed at the exit of an ion spectrometer so that ions with different energies hit the wire at different horizontal coordinates along the wire. Finally, the design incorporates a motion system that can shift the wire and deflecting cavity together, enabling transverse profile measurements like a wire scanner. Here, in this paper, we will provide the design of the new BSM and report on its beam test results at the Spallation Neutron Source facility in Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Recording the synchrotron radiation by a picosecond streak camera for bunch diagnostics in cyclic accelerators

A PS-1/S1 picosecond streak camera with a linear sweep is used to measure temporal characteristics of synchrotron radiation pulses on a damping ring (DR) at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). The data obtained allow a conclusion as to the formation processes of electron bunches and their 'quality' in the DR after injection from the linear accelerator. The expediency of employing the streak camera as a part of an optical diagnostic accelerator complex for adjusting the injection from a linear accelerator is shown. Discussed is the issue of designing a new-generation dissector with a time resolution up to a few picoseconds, which would allow implementation of a continuous bunch monitoring in the DR during mutual work with the electron-positron colliders at the BINP. (acoustooptics)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Simulation Results of a Feedback Control System to Damp Electron Cloud Single-Bunch Transverse Instabilities In The Cern SPS

Transverse Single-Bunch Instabilities due to the Electron Cloud effect are limiting the operation at high current of the SPS at CERN. Recently a high-bandwidth Feedback System has been proposed as a possible solution to stabilize the beam and is currently under study. We analyze the dynamics of the bunch actively damped with a simple model of the Feedback in the macro-particle code WARP, in order to investigate the limitations of the System such as the minimum amount of power required to maintain stability. We discuss the feedback model, report on simulation results and present our plans for further development of the numerical model.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stopped, Bunched Beams for the TwinSol Facility

Tests of the unitarity of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Masakawa (CKM) matrix offer an important avenue for constraining the Standard Model of the electroweak interaction. Several methods are currently used to determine V-ud, the largest element in the top-row normalization test. One such method is through the study of superallowed T =1/2 mixed mirror transitions, which offers a complementary method to the current most-precise value that is determined from superallowed pure Fermi 0(+) 0(+) transitions. The precision currently achievable by this method is currently limited by the very low number of transitions for which the Fermi-to-Gamow-Teller mixing ratio has been measured. St. Benedict, the Superallowed Transition Beta-Neutrino Decay-Ion-Coincidence Trap, is currently under development at the University of Notre Dame's Nuclear Science Laboratory, and intends to determine for a range of new isotopes through measurements of the -neutrino asymmetry parameter a using a linear Paul trap. In order to trap these ions, the fast, continuous secondary beam separated by the TwinSol twin solenoid separator must be thermalized and bunched. The system through which this will be done will feature a large-volume gas cell in which the ions will be thermalized, a double-RF-funnel-based ion guide system for the extraction of the ions, and a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) to provide cooled ion bunches for capture in the Paul trap.

beam cooling↗
DOE OSTI2016

Substrate bias induced synthesis of flowered-like bunched carbon nanotube directly on bulk nickel

Highlights: • Flowered-like bunched MWCNTs have been synthesized by MW PECVD technique. • Effect of substrate bias on the properties of MWCNT has been studied. • Minimum E{sub T} = 1.9 V/μm with β = 4770 has been obtained in the film deposited at −350 V. - Abstract: This paper reports the effect of substrate bias on the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) deposited on nickel foil by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The MWCNTs have been characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, field emission and current–voltage characteristic of the heterojunction diode. The SEM images exhibit unique hierarchical flowered-like bunched and conformally coated MWCNTs. Substrate bias induced ion bombardment helps in the enhancement of hydrocarbon dissociation and is responsible for flowered-like MWCNTs growth. The HRTEM micrographs show the base growth mechanism for MWCNTs. The value of turn on field for emission decreases from 5.5 to 1.9 V/μm and field enhancement factor increases from 927 to 4770, respectively, with the increase of substrate bias. The diode ideality factor of CNT/ n-Si heterojunction is evaluated as 2.4 and the on/off current ratio is found to be 7 at ±2 V, respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improvement of the AC orbit bump method of local kick factor measurement using reference bunches

Here we have improved the AC orbit bump technique of local kick factor measurement. This technique, developed at NSLS-II a few years ago, is based on local sine-wave excitation of the electron beam by four fast correctors adjacent to the impedance location. By implementing reference bunches and the time gate function of beam position monitors, we are now able to measure the AC orbits of bunches with different intensities simultaneously. This improvement allows us to obtain the impedance-driven orbit distortion in a single measurement, significantly improving the measurement accuracy and reducing the measurement time.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Bio-composite Nonwoven Media Based on Chitosan and Empty Fruit Bunches for Wastewater Application

Fibrous filter media in the form of non-woven filters have been used extensively in water treatment as pre-filters or to support the medium that does the separation. Lignocellulosic such as empty fruit bunches have potential to be used as a low cost filter media as they represent unused resources, widely available and are environmentally friendly. Laboratory filtration tests were performed to investigate the potential application of empty fruit bunches that enriched with chitosan as a fiber filter media to remove suspended solids, oil and grease, and organics in terms of chemical oxygen demand from palm oil mill effluent. The present paper studies the effect of chitosan concentration on the filter media performance. Bench-scaled experiment results indicated that pre-treatment using the fiber filtration system removed up to 67.3% of total suspended solid, 65.1% of oil and grease and 46.1% of chemical oxygen demand. The results show that the lignocellulosic fiber filter could be a potential technology for primary wastewater treatment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Double negative-metamaterial based Terahertz radiation excited by a sheet beam bunch

We describe a new method to generate enhanced terahertz (THz) surface wave (SW) via its coupling with reversed Cherenkov radiation (RCR), excited by a sheet beam bunch which travels in a vacuum above an isotropic double negative metamaterial (DNM). The physical mechanism for the enhancement is that the DNM can support a RCR which can resonantly interact with a sheet electron beam bunch, resulting in an enhanced SW due to its coupling with the enhanced RCR. Numerical results show strong enhancement effect for the SW and RCR in the THz band. This enhanced THz radiation has potential applications to high-power THz radiation sources and Cherenkov detectors which require large signals.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Optimization of the pyrolysis process of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a fixed-bed reactor through a central composite design (CCD)

The production of crude palm oil from the processing of palm fresh fruit bunches in the palm oil mills in Malaysia hs resulted in a huge quantity of empty fruit bunch (EFB) accumulated. The EFB was used as a feedstock in the pyrolysis process using a fixed-bed reactor in the present study. The optimization of process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature (factor A), biomass particle size (factor B) and holding time (factor C) were investigated through Central Composite Design (CCD) using Stat-Ease Design Expert software version 7 with bio-oil yield considered as the response. Twenty experimental runs were conducted. The results were completely analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The model was statistically significant. All factors studied were significant with p-values < 0.05. The pyrolysis temperature (factor A) was considered as the most significant parameter because its F-value of 116.29 was the highest. The value of R{sup 2} was 0.9564 which indicated that the selected factors and its levels showed high correlation to the production of bio-oil from EFB pyrolysis process. A quadratic model equation was developed and employed to predict the highest theoretical bio-oil yield. The maximum bio-oil yield of 46.2 % was achieved at pyrolysis temperature of 442.15 °C using the EFB particle size of 866 μm which corresponded to the EFB particle size in the range of 710–1000 μm and holding time of 483 seconds.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effective post-acceleration of ion bunches in foils irradiated by ultra-intense laser pulses

Two-step laser acceleration of protons with two foils and two laser pulses is modelled and optimized. It is shown that a nearly mono-energetic distribution of proton bunches can be realized by a suitable parameter choice. Two-step acceleration schemes make it possible to obtain both higher efficiency and energy as compared to the acceleration with only one laser pulse of an energy equal to the sum of the energy of the two pulses. With the aid of our analytical model, the optimal distance between the two targets, the delay between the two laser pulses, and the parameters of the laser pulses are determined. Estimates and results of the modelling are proven with 2D PIC simulations of the acceleration of proton bunches moving through the second target.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗