JPL Library, Archives, and Records Update
This slide presentation reviews the changes and plans that the JPL Library, Archives and Records Management group have instituted and plan to in 2011.
information science↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Archives”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Policies and Procedures for Accessing Archived NASA Data via the Web
The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) was established by NASA to provide for the preservation and dissemination of scientific data from NASA missions. This white paper will address the NSSDC policies that govern data preservation and dissemination and the various methods of accessing NSSDC-archived data via the web.
James, Nathan↗
Archiving Innovations Preserve Essential Historical Records
The Apollo 11 mission left on the Moon a silicon disc inscribed with microscopic recreations of messages from 73 countries. NanoArk Corporation of Fairport, New York, built on that NASA technology to develop a fire and water resistant archiving innovation that provides cost savings and security in preserving documents. Since its launch, NanoArk has grown from 2 to 10 employees.
Source record↗
The Use of NASA near Real-time and Archived Satellite Data to Support Disaster Assessment
With support from a NASA's Applied Sciences Program, The Short‐term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center has explored a variety of techniques for utilizing archived and near real‐time NASA satellite data to support disaster assessment activities. MODIS data from the NASA Land Atmosphere Near Real‐time Capability for EOS currently provides true color and other imagery for assessment and potential applications including, but not limited to, flooding, fires, and tornadoes. In May 2013, the SPoRT Center developed unique power outage composites using the VIIRS Day/Night Band to represent the first clear sky view of damage inflicted upon Moore and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma following the devastating EF‐5 tornado that occurred on May 20. Pre‐event imagery provided by the NASA funded Web‐Enabled Landsat Data project offer a basis of comparison for monitoring post-disaster recovery efforts. Techniques have also been developed to generate products from higher resolution imagery from the recently available International Space Station SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System instrument. Of paramount importance is to deliver these products to end users expeditiously and in formats compatible with Decision Support Systems (DSS). Delivery techniques include a Tile Map Service (TMS) and a Web Mapping Service (WMS). These mechanisms allow easy integration of satellite products into DSS's, including the National Weather Service's Damage Assessment Toolkit for use by personnel conducting damage surveys. This poster will present an overview of the developed techniques and products and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the TMS and WMS.
McGrath, Kevin M.↗
Use of NASA Near Real-Time and Archived Satellite Data to Support Disaster Assessment
NASA's Short‐term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center partners with the NWS to provide near realtime data in support of a variety of weather applications, including disasters. SPoRT supports NASA's Applied Sciences Program: Disasters focus area by developing techniques that will aid the disaster monitoring, response, and assessment communities. SPoRT has explored a variety of techniques for utilizing archived and near real‐time NASA satellite data. An increasing number of end‐users - such as the NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT) - access geospatial data via a Web Mapping Service (WMS). SPoRT has begun developing open‐standard Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data sets via WMS to respond to end‐user needs.
McGrath, Kevin M.↗
An Archival Chandra and XMM-Newton Survey of Type 2 Quasars
In order to investigate obscuration in high-luminosity type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we analyzed Chandra and XMM-Newton archival observations for 71 type 2 quasars detected at 0.05 < z < 0.73, which were selected based on their [O III] lambda5007 emission lines. For 54 objects with good spectral fits, the observed hard X-ray luminosity ranges from 2 × 10(exp 41) to 5.3 × 10(exp 44) erg s(exp −1), with a median of 1.1 × 10(exp 43) erg s(exp −1). We find that the means of the column density and photon index of our sample are log N(sub H) = 22.9 cm(exp −2) and gamma = 1.87, respectively. From simulations using a more physically realistic model, we find that the absorbing column density estimates based on simple power-law models significantly underestimate the actual absorption in approximately half of the sources. Eleven sources show a prominent Fe K alpha emission line (EW>100 eV in the rest frame) and we detect this line in the other sources through a joint fit (spectral stacking). The correlation between the Fe K alpha and [O III] fluxes and the inverse correlation of the equivalent width of the Fe Kα line with the ratio of hard X-ray and [O III] fluxes is consistent with previous results for lower luminosity Seyfert 2 galaxies. We conclude that obscuration is the cause of the weak hard X-ray emission rather than intrinsically low X-ray luminosities. We find that about half of the population of optically selected type 2 quasars are likely to be Compton thick. We also find no evidence that the amount of X-ray obscuration depends on the AGN luminosity (over a range of more than three orders of magnitude in luminosity).
quasars: general↗
L'CO/LFIR Relations with CO Rotational Ladders of Galaxies Across the Herschel SPIRE Archive
We present a catalog of all CO (carbon monoxide) (J (total angular momentum quantum number) equals 1-0 through J equals 13-12), [CI], and [NII] lines available from extragalactic spectra from the Herschel SPIRE (Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) archive combined with observations of the low-J CO lines from the literature and from the Arizona Radio Observatory. This work examines the relationships between L (sub FIR (Far Infra Red)), L prime (sub CO), and L (sub CO) / L (sub CO, 1-0). We also present a new method for estimating probability distribution functions (PDFs) from marginal signal-to-noise ratio Herschel FTS spectra, which takes into account the instrumental "ringing" and the resulting highly correlated nature of the spectra. The slopes of Log (L (sub FIR)) versus Log (L prime (sub CO)) are linear for all mid- to high-J CO lines. The mid- to high-J CO luminosity relative to CO J equals 1-0 increases with increasing L (sub FIR), indicating higher excitement of the molecular gas, though these ratios do not exceed approximately 100. The luminosities relative to CO J equals 1-0 remain relatively at from J equals 6-5 through J equals13-2, across many orders of magnitude of L (sub FIR). Qualitative comparisons to current theoretical models do not match these flat SLED (spectral line energy distributions) shapes, indicating the need for more comprehensive modeling of the excitation processes of warm molecular gas in nearby galaxies.
Submillimeter Data↗
Archived 1976-1985 JPL Aircraft SAR Data
This report describes archived data from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) aircraft radar expeditions in the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s collected by Ron Blom, JPL Radar Geologist. The dataset was collected during Ron's career at JPL from the 1970s through 2015. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in the 1970s and 1980s were recorded optically on long strips of film. SAR imagery was produced via an optical, holographic technique that resulted in long strips of film imagery.
Thompson, Thomas W.↗
Algorithms for Lunar Flash Video Search, Measurement, and Archiving
Lunar meteoroid impact flashes provide a method to estimate the flux of the large meteoroid flux and thus their hazard to spacecraft. Although meteoroid impacts on the Moon have been detected using video methods for over a decade, the difficulty of manually searching hours of video for the rare, extremely brief impact flashes has discouraged the technique's systematic implementation. A prototype has been developed for the purpose of automatically searching lunar video records for impact flashes, eliminating false detections, editing the returned possible flashes, Z and archiving and documenting the results. The theory and organization of the program is discussed with emphasis on the filtering out of several classes of false detections and retaining the brief portions of the raw video necessary for in depth analysis of the flashes detected. Several utilities for measurement, analysis, and location of the flashes on the moon included in the program are demonstrated. Application of the program to a year's worth of lunar observations is discussed along with examples of impact flashes as well as several classes of false impact flashes.
Swift, Wesley↗
Crustal Dynamics Data Information System: NASA's Active Archive of Space Geodesy Data and Derived Products
Our vision is to provide first-class, robust archive, distribution, and real-time services for space geodesy data, products, and information to the global scientific research community.
Geodesy↗
Building A Cloud Based Distributed Active Data Archive Center
NASA's Earth Science Data System (ESDS) Program facilitates the implementation of NASA's Earth Science strategic plan, which is committed to the full and open sharing of Earth science data obtained from NASA instruments to all users. The Earth Science Data information System (ESDIS) project manages the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Data within EOSDIS are held at Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). One of the key responsibilities of the ESDS Program is to continuously evolve the entire data and information system to maximize returns on the collected NASA data.
Earth Science Informatics↗
The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) - Current Status, Recent Results, Future Plans, and Synergies with the AKARI Archive
The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy comprises a 2.7m diameter telescope mounted in a heavily modified B747SP aircraft. The SOFIA program is a joint US NASA and German DLR program, with the development and operations costs split roughly 80%:20%, respectively. Although the observatory is funded by these two nations, its observing time is open to proposals from astronomers of any nationality. The observatory has been flying and taking scientific data since 2010 and currently observes astronomical targets from the stratosphere for approximately 800 research flight hours per year. Seven science instruments (with an eighth coming online in 2020) cover the visible to sub-millimeter wavelengths with a variety of spectral resolutions ranging up to 1e8. The AKARI Archive with its 1.7 to 180 micron wavelength coverage is a natural complementary source for follow-up observations with SOFIA. This presentation will cover the current SOFIA technical capabilities and will present a few recent science highlights that demonstrate the SOFIA/AKARI complementarity. The presentation will also cover the SOFIA proposal process and will summarize other partnership opportunities for additional observing time on SOFIA.
Astronomy↗
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover Mastcam Instruments: Preflight and In-Flight Calibration, Validation, and Data Archiving
The NASA Curiosity rover Mast Camera (Mastcam) system is a pair of fixed-focal length, multispectral, color CCD imagers mounted approximately 2 m above the surface on the rover's remote sensing mast, along with associated electronics and an onboard calibration target. The left Mastcam (M-34) has a 34 mm focal length, an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 0.22 mrad, and a FOV of 20 deg × 15 deg over the full 1648 × 1200 pixel span of its Kodak KAI-2020 CCD. The right Mastcam (M-100) has a 100 mm focal length, an IFOV of 0.074 mrad, and a FOV of 6.8 deg × 5.1 deg using the same detector. The cameras are separated by 24.2 cm on the mast, allowing stereo images to be obtained at the resolution of the M-34 camera. Each camera has an eight-position filter wheel, enabling it to take Bayer pattern red, green, and blue (RGB) 'true color' images, multispectral images in nine additional bands spanning approximately 400-1100 nm, and images of the Sun in two colors through neutral density-coated filters. An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command and data interfaces to the rover, 8 Gb of image storage per camera, 11 bit to 8 bit companding, JPEG compression, and acquisition of high-definition video. Here we describe the preflight and in-flight calibration of Mastcam images, the ways that they are being archived in the NASA Planetary Data System, and the ways that calibration refinements are being developed as the investigation progresses on Mars. We also provide some examples of data sets and analyses that help to validate the accuracy and precision of the calibration.
MSL Mastcam; quantitative multispectral↗
Astro-H/Hitomi Data Analysis, Processing, and Archive
Astro-H is the x-ray/gamma-ray mission led by Japan with international participation, launched on February 17, 2016. Soon after launch, Astro-H was renamed Hitomi. The payload consists of four different instruments (SXS, SXI, HXI, and SGD) that operate simultaneously to cover the energy range from 0.3 keV up to 600 keV. On March 27, 2016, JAXA lost contact with the satellite and, on April 28, they announced the cessation of the efforts to restore mission operations. Hitomi collected about one months worth of data with its instruments. This paper presents the analysis software and the data processing pipeline created to calibrate and analyze the Hitomi science data, along with the plan for the archive. These activities have been a collaborative effort shared between scientists and software engineers working in several institutes in Japan and United States.
Angelini, Lorella↗
Cumulus: NASA's Cloud Based Distributed Active Archive Center Prototype
NASAs Earth Science Data System (ESDS) Program serves as a central cog in order to facilitate the implementation of NASA's Earth Science strategic plan. Since 1994, the ESDS Program has committed to the full and open sharing of Earth science data obtained from NASA instruments to all users. One of the key responsibilities of the ESDS Program is to continuously evolve the entire data and information system to maximize returns on the collected NASA data. An independent review was conducted in 2015 to holistically review the EOSDIS in order to identify gaps. The review recommendations were to investigate two areas: one, whether commercial cloud providers offer potential for storage, processing, and operational efficiencies, and two, the potential development of new data access and analysis paradigms. In response, ESDS has initiated several prototypes investigating the advantages and risks of leveraging cloud computing. This paper describes one such prototyping activity named Cumulus. Cumulus is being designed and developed as a "native" cloud-based data ingest, archive and management system that can be used for all future NASA Earth science data streams. Cumulus will foster design of new analysisvisualization tools that can leverage collocated data from all of the distributed DAACs as well as elastic cloud computing resources.
Earth Science Informatics↗
Temporal RNA Integrity Analysis of Archived Spaceflight Biological Samples from ALSDA from 1991 to 2016
The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of spaceflight tissues stored in Ames Life Science Data Archive (ALSDA) freezers. Garnering information for downstream functional analysis such as generation of omics datasets from tissues is, in part, dependent on the state of sample preservation. To assess the viability of a select group of tissues, RNA integrity number (RIN) values were calculated for RNA extracted from rodent livers. Rat livers from Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS-1) and mouse livers from Commercial Biomedical Test Module 3 (CBTM-3), Rodent Research 1 (RR1), and Rodent Research 3 (RR3) were tested. It was found that mean RIN values from CBTM3, RR1, and RR3 were suitable for downstream functional analysis (RIN greater than 5) while the mean RIN value for SLS-1 was not (RIN equal to 2.5 plus or minus 0.1). Information from this study could lay the foundation for future efforts in determining the types of assays that are most appropriate for different tissues in ALSDA freezers, which would maximize the scientific return on rare spaceflight samples.
ALSDA↗
Cumulus: NASA Archives in the Cloud
NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) houses nearly 30PBs of critical Earth Science data and with upcoming missions is expected to balloon to between 200PBs-300PBs over the next seven years. The magnitude of data collected makes it infeasible to download data and process it locally, forcing us to re-think how we store and work with earth science data. NASA has looked to the cloud to address this, building its open source Cumulus software to manage the ingest of diverse data in a wide variety of formats into the cloud and provide services to manage and access the data. In this talk, we will describe how Cumulus provides common features needed to manage a cloud archive in the realm of ingest, data stewardship, and cost-controlled distribution of science data to users and services.
EOSDIS↗
A Concept of Operations for Earth Science Data Archive and Distribution in the Cloud
Science data systems can enable more comprehensive Earth system research by evolving to take advantage of advances in commercial computer technology services. Since their inception twenty five years ago, NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) have periodically evolved to utilize new technology and expand research using the exponential growth and diversity of Earth observations. Recently, with the advent of a maturing commercial compute services industry and upcoming high data volume missions such as the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission and the NASA-Indian Space Research Organization Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, options were explored and a decision made to utilize commercial compute and storage services. This paper presents an overview of the concept of operations under development for the DAACs in the Cloud. We highlight the goals and expected advantages of utilizing Cloud services. We outline EOSDIS operations tenets and driving principles. A high-level view of EOSDIS system of systems target architecture serves as context for describing principle interactions. Concepts for key DAAC system and EOSDIS enterprise functions characterize automated end-to-end operations but mark nominal check and recovery points. Concepts are presented for managing Cloud resources, including organizational roles and responsibilities of the NASA project and DAAC personnel. Scenarios we use to further distinguish between what the system will do and what configuration and controls operators will have. Examples include interactions with data providers and data consumers with both in-cloud and on-premise facilities.
Moses, John F.↗