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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerating Nuclear-Integrated Data Centers in the USA: SWOT Analysis, Power-Thermal Management Strategies, and Industrial-Scale Demonstration and Potential Deployment

Driven by the growth in digital services, cloud computing, AI, and manufacturing, data centers face rising energy demands that challenge traditional power sources and cooling efficiency. This study explores using nuclear power to meet these demands, focusing on accelerated reactor technology deployment and highlighting needs such as N+1/N+2 power supplies and integrated power-thermal management. A SWOT analysis addresses grid connectivity, reactors, and site selection, particularly DOE sites. Reactor technology demonstration and deployment could be accelerated by leveraging test facilities such as MARVEL, MAGNET, TED, FAS, DOME, LOTUS, ATR, Energy System Proving Grounds, and upcoming Energy Launch Pads, along with modeling and simulation tools such as RELAP5, MOOSE, VERA, RAVEN, and FORCE. The potential power and thermal management options, including various cooling technologies, waste-heat utilization, and an industrial-scale demonstration plan, aim to accelerate the integration of nuclear power and data centers in the USA, while emphasizing community and stakeholder engagement and synergistic efforts.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tunable Permanent Magnet Quadrupole Operating at Cryogenic Temperatures for Accelerators

The project objective is to develop a compact and tunable quadrupole using Electron Energy Corporation (EEC)’s PM materials for cryogenic accelerator applications. To achieve this objective, EEC and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) will collaborate to develop a cost-effective quadrupole and optimize the conventional manufacturing process. Based on previous experience, EEC designed an innovative field adjustment capability using tuning magnets which is able to achieve all the requirements for SLAC’s cold copper collider (C3 ) application. These novel ideas enable us to develop a compact and tunable quadrupole magnet superior to the current designs. Our approach is to leverage EEC's over 50 years of experience in magnet manufacturing and SLAC’s beamline test capabilities.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Assembly and Pre-Loading Specifications for the Series Production of the Nb 3 Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC

We report the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Project is planning to install 16 cold-masses made with Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets in the LHC Interaction Regions to significantly increase its luminosity. Half of these cold masses are fabricated at BNL, FNAL, and LBNL under the US Accelerator Research Program (AUP). Each cold mass includes two identical Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA with a magnetic length of 4.2 m. Currently, the AUP project has completed the fabrication and test of the first 5 pre-series magnets, and is working on the following 16 magnets for the series production. The brittleness and strain sensitivity of the Nb 3 Sn superconducting material requires a careful definition of the allowable maximum stress in the windings during magnet assembly and pre-load, and a tight control of their variation within the whole coil length. Therefore, a series of assembly and pre-load specifications have been defined with the goals of minimizing the risk of conductor degradation and providing the mechanical support required to reach the nominal current during powering. In this paper we present the specifications defined for the MQXFA magnets and applied during the different assembly phases and during the pre-load process of the first 5 pre-series magnets.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Qualifying AL-800 Garnet For The Fermilab Booster Perpendicular Biased 2nd Harmonic RF Cavity

Al-800 garnet was evaluated for the perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity for the Fermilab Booster accelerator. A test apparatus was designed to evaluate the magnetic permeability and batch consistency of small witness samples of Al-800. Fully assembled AL-800 garnet rings were tested on the garnet ring test stand to measure the resonant frequency and quality factor of each ring. The garnet witness samples and assembled garnet rings showed acceptable consistency within the parameters set by the cavity design team. Based on the test results, AL-800 garnet was deemed suitable for use in the perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity.

Kuharik, John C.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic Field Measurements of First Pre-series Full -Length 4.2 m Quadrupole MQXFA03 Using PCB Rotating Coils for the Hi Hi-Lumi LHC Project

The U.S. Hi-Lumi LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) and CERN have joined efforts to develop high field quad-rupoles for the Hi-Lumi LHC upgrade. The US national laborato-ries in the AUP project will deliver 10 magnets and each cryostat has two 4.2 m high gradient quadrupoles in it. These magnets are made of Nb3Sn conductors, with large aperture (150 mm) and in-tegrated gradient of 556.9 T. This paper reports on magnetic measurements performed during the vertical test at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in 2019-2020. A warm measurement Z-Scan (+/- 15 A) with 42 Z-positions before cool-down was per-formed at BNL. The results were directly compared to field data measured at LBNL during magnet assembly. Measured harmonics and magnetic center offsets (ΔX and ΔY) have provided timely and informative diagnostics on the magnet structure’s shape at both warm and cold temperatures. A new centering fixture was de-signed and added to better center the warm bore tube which con-tains the rotating coil probe. After the quench training to 16.47 kA was achieved, a complete set of cold measurements (Z-Scan at 16.47 kA and I-Scan from 960 A to 16.47 kA and back to 960 A) was made. Periodic axial variation of allowed and nonallowed harmonics was observed which is related to the coil radial and/or mid-plane variations along the magnet axis. Overall, the average harmonics in the straight section are within the required field boundaries.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a 1.9 m Long, 16.5 mm Period NbTi Superconducting Undulator for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

Superconducting undulator (SCU) technology has been in use at the Advanced Photon Source since 2013. Due to the successful and reliable operation of the existing SCUs, the Advanced Photon Source upgrade project has decided to expand the use of NbTi-based SCUs. The first new magnets to be designed and fabricated are 1.9 m long with a period length of 16.5 mm. NbTi superconductor is used for coil winding and there are four separate coils wound on the mandrel to produce the main undulator field along with end compensation and distributed dipole compensation. The magnetic design, fabrication details, assembly, and testing are described in detail.

NbTi.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Self-interaction correction schemes for non-collinear spin-density-functional theory

We extend some of the well-established self-interaction correction (SIC) schemes of density-functional theory—the Perdew–Zunger SIC and the average-density SIC—to the case of systems with noncollinear magnetism. Our proposed SIC schemes are tested on a set of molecules and metallic clusters in combination with the widely used local spin-density approximation. As expected from the collinear SIC, we show that the averaged-density SIC works well for improving ionization energies but fails to improve more subtle quantities like the dipole moments of polar molecules. We investigate the exchange-correlation magnetic field produced by our extension of the Perdew–Zunger SIC, showing that it is not aligned with the local total magnetization, thus producing an exchange-correlation torque.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2021

An Adjustable Stiffness Torsional Magnetic Spring with a Linear Stroke Length

This paper presents the analysis, mechanical design, and proof-of-principle experimental testing of a new type of adjustable stiffness torsional magnetic spring for an ocean generator application. Unlike prior published designs the rotary magnetic spring is shown to have a highly linear adjustable stroke length. The presented torsional spring is experimentally shown to be able to create a ± 45° angular stroke range with a peak torque of ± 39.1 N·m. The stiffness is adjusted by using a stepper motor to axially adjust the axial magnet offset. The stepper motor contains a brake so that power is not expended when maintaining a desired spring stiffness. It is shown that by using a series spring arrangement the stroke length can be extended to ± 90°.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2023

Novel Co 5 Cluster Based Triazole Bridged Cobalt-Fluorophosphate: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic and Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation Studies

A novel triazole bridged cobalt fluorophosphate coordination polymer with the formula {Co 5 (1,2,4-triazole) 2 (OH) 2 (PO 3 F) 4 } n has been synthesized. Single crystal X-ray studies reveal that the compound comprises of Co 5 clusters which ultimately build the whole framework, here all cobalt centers are in octahedral geometry established from continuous shape analysis. All the cobalt centers are in Co(II) oxidation state and the results are supported by the bond valence sum (BVS) calculation. The sample has been characterized by single crystal X-ray, powder X-ray, FTIR and TGA analysis. The compound was tested for olefin catalysis performance and magnetism. Magnetization measurements reveal overall antiferromagnetic interactions among the Co(II) ions. The compound is very active in the catalytic transformation of olefins to their corresponding epoxides. In conclusion, catalytic epoxidation studies reveal that cyclohexene and styrene can be converted up to 97% with almost 65% selectivity of products with higher TON numbers.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Does Magnetic Reconnection Occur in the Near Lunar Surface Environment?

The near lunar surface contains small-scale magnetic field structures that provide a natural test bed for observing plasmas with a non-zero Hall electric field, as well as potentially facilitating electron-only reconnection. This study presents observational evidence of magnetized electrons as well as demagnetized ions when THEMIS-ARTEMIS probe B reached an altitude of ~15 km above the lunar surface. Additionally, observations suggest the presence of a field line topology change and traversal of a closed magnetic field structure containing solar wind electrons, suggestive of magnetic reconnection having occurred at some point between the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field and a lunar crustal magnetic field. Thus, the observations presented here are consistent with previous studies that predict prominent Hall electric fields near lunar crustal magnetic fields and further suggest that the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field may reconnect with lunar crustal magnetic fields, most likely via electron-only reconnection.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

MQXFA Series Magnet Production Specification: US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project

The purpose of this document is to define the specifications for the structure fabrication and assembly of MQXFA series magnets to be used by the US High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). Magnets fabricated according to these specifications are expected to allow MQXFA magnets to meet the MQXFA Functional Requirements Specification. These specifications for the fabrication of MQXFA series magnets are based on the R&D performed by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and the development performed by AUP, in collaboration with CERN, through fabrication and test of pre-series coils and magnets.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Strain measurements of Nb₃Sn coils with optical fibers

The HL-LHC at CERN will be using new superconducting quadrupole magnets (MQXFA) made of Nb₃Sn that are in the process of being tested before installation in the LHC tunnel. MQXFA07 and MQXFA08 magnets failed because of high stress developed at the coil wedge/end spacer interface, where the Nb₃Sn coil, the stainless-steel end parts, and copper wedges exhibit different strain responses. Interrogating a cut piece of coil QXFP06 with optical fibers, we expect to get a better understanding of the stress response of the coil wedge/end spacer interface.

Nisa, Kuvvetn↗
DOE OSTI2021

Lessons Learned From the Prototypes of the MQXFA Low-Beta Quadrupoles for HL-LHC and Status of Production in the US

With the successful test of the first two pre-series magnets the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project has started production of the MQXFA magnets to be used in Q1/Q3 inner triplet elements of the HL-LHC. This good start comes after the test of two prototypes with limited performance, and it demonstrates the importance of learning from past issues. Therefore, in this paper we want to share the most important lessons learned so far, focusing on those which may be more interesting for similar projects. Additionally, we will present the status of MQXFA fabrication in the US.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of Training Performance, Degradation and Robustness of Paraffin-Wax Impregnated Nb 3 Sn Demonstrator Under High Magnetic Field

In the context of high-energy physics, the use of Nb 3 Sn superconducting magnets as a cost-effective and reliable technology depends on improvements in the following areas: long development and manufacturing cycles, conductor degradation after thermal cycling, long training, as well as a demonstration in accelerator magnets with a beam aperture of the full potential of modern Nb 3 Sn conductors. In short, performance, robustness, and cost are the three issues to be addressed. The Magnet Development project (MagDev) of the Swiss Accelerator Research and Technology initiative (CHART) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) aims to contribute to the solutions to each of these issues, re-thinking the manufacturing and design process. Here in our program, every innovation is to be validated by means of a panoply of fast-turnaround tools: from non-powered and powered samples and coils, tested under background field, to low-field subscale magnets and high field short prototypes. This work presents one element in this panoply of R&D vehicles: a stress-managed Nb 3 Sn coil called BigBOX, impregnated with paraffin wax, and tested, through a collaboration with the Magnet Development Program of the United States (US-MDP), in the background field of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)’s common coils dipole DCC17.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

RECORD FAST CYCLING ACCELERATOR MAGNET BASED ON HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR

We report on the High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) based prototype accelerator magnet capable to operate at 12 T/s B-field ramping rate with a very low supporting cryogenic cooling power thus indicating a feasibility of its application in the accelerator requiring high repetition rate and high average beam power. The magnet is designed to simultaneously accelerate two particle beams in the separate beam gaps energized by a single conductor. The design, construction and the power test of the prototype fast-cycling HTS based accelerator magnet is presented while the more detailed description and power test data analysis s given in [1]. As example, the measured cryogenic power loss limit is discussed in terms of the feasibility of application of such a magnet for the construction of the 8 GeV dual proton beam Booster.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) Corrector Magnets

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) includes at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) site a Beamline which will aim neutrinos towards massive detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) at South Dakota. The neutrinos will be created by a beam of 60-120 GeV protons extracted from Fermilab’s Main Injector interacting with a target located in the end of the LBNF proton beamline. The design of the proton beamline involves 79 conventional magnets; 23 are corrector magnets. These correctors are of a new design which evolved from those built for the Fermilab Main Injector. Following the production of a prototype corrector magnet by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and its testing by both IHEP and Fermilab, IHEP will procure the materials for the 24 (including one spare) corrector magnets needed by the LBNF proton beamline; then, will build, test and certify them

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Distributed fiber-optic sensing in a subscale high-temperature superconducting dipole magnet

High-temperature superconductors, such as REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO, RE = rare earth), are becoming pivotal for high-field magnet technology for future circular colliders and compact fusion reactors. The U.S. Magnet Development Program, in collaboration with industry, is developing REBCO magnet technology using round conductors consisting of multiple REBCO tapes. For these multi-tape cables, traditional instrumentation, such as voltage taps and resistive strain gauges, become insufficient to help measure and understand the performance-limiting factors in these model magnets. Distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) is a potential solution to address this challenge. Although DFOS is well established for various applications, measuring temperature and strain in high-temperature superconducting magnets is in its infancy. Here we report the detailed implementation and test results of DFOS based on Rayleigh scattering in a subscale canted cosθ (CCT) dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC® wires. We co-wound optical fibers in each layer of the CCT magnet and compared different types of commercial fibers and mold-release agents to reduce the power attenuation in the fibers. The DFOS allowed us to measure mechanical deformation and temperature along the conductor during tests at 77 and 4.2 K. The measured strain agreed quantitively with a finite-element mechanical model of the subscale magnet. Our results indicate that DFOS can effectively identify locations of strain and temperature changes, offering unique insight into magnet performance that can advance our understanding and development of the REBCO magnet technology for high-energy physics and fusion applications.

Luo, Linqing↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Challenges and Solutions of Meeting the Assembly Specifications for the 4.5 m Long MQXFA Magnets for the Hi-Luminosity LHC

The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) has, in the recent years, developed assembly specifications for the 4.5 m long MQXFA magnets, which are 150 mm aperture high-field Nb 3 Sn low-β quadrupole magnets that are being built for the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. While the specifications were based on lessons learned from the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) effort and the MQXFS and MQXFA prototype magnets, the experience gained from having both MQXFA07 and MQXFA08 magnets not meeting performance specifications during cold testing actually catalyzed a better understanding of the impact of the target assembly specifications and a subsequent refinement of the same. This paper summarizes a body of assembly data from the Pre-Series (MQXFA03-MQXFA07) and Series magnets (MQXFA08-MQXFA11) that have been built to date, and discusses the processes employed to successfully face the challenge of ensuring that the assembly specifications are met for the duration of the project.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗