Voyager spacecraft phase B, task D. Volume 4 - Engineering tasks. Book 3 - Central computer Final report
Comparative evaluation of centralized versus decentralized computer system for digital data processing on Voyager spacecraft
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Visualizing the NIOSH Pocket Guide: Open-source web application for accessing and exploring the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is a trusted resource that displays key information for a collection of chemicals commonly encountered in the workplace. Entries contain chemical structures—occupational exposure limit information ranging from limits based on full-shift time-weighted averages to acute limits such as short-term exposure limits and immediately dangerous to life or health values, as well as a variety of other data such as chemical-physical properties and symptoms of exposure. The NIOSH Pocket Guide (NPG) is available as a printed, hardcopy book, a PDF version, an electronic database, and a downloadable application for mobile phones. All formats of the NIOSH Pocket Guide allow users to access the data for each chemical separately, however, the guide does not support data analytics or visualization across chemicals. This project reformatted existing data in the NPG to make it searchable and compatible with exploration and analysis using a web application. The resulting application allows users to investigate the relationships between occupational exposure limits, the range and distribution of occupational exposure limits, and the specialized sorting of chemicals by health endpoint or to summarize information of particular interest. These tasks would have previously required manual extraction of the data and analysis. The usability of this application was evaluated among industrial hygienists and researchers and while the existing application seems most relevant to researchers, the open-source code and data are amenable to modification by users to increase customization.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
The geology of Mars
The book constitutes a topographic/geologic atlas of Mars compiled on the basis of data from the various Mariner missions. A large number of maps has been included which systematically describe the character and distribution of the principal landforms: craters, channels, volcanoes, and faults; also related properties such as albedo, elevation, and wind streaks. Pictures of all the important topographic features have been included. The discussion of the material is carried out with a minimum of technical detail, and Mars is examined within a context of interplanetary comparisons.
Mutch, T. A.↗
Climatic variation of storms
Long-term variation of U.S. tornadoes were studied by obtaining the best possible data during the 75 years, 1916-90. The most difficult task was to estimate the number of early tornadoes in 1916-50 when the reporting efficiency was very bad, resulting in undercounting of the incidents. In generating the best possible data, Fujita's Tornado Tape produced at the University of Chicago, the book Significant Tornadoes, 1880-1989, by Thomas P. Grazulis, and the NSSFC Tornado Tape were combined. First, the annual number of tornadoes were smoothed to obtain the smoothed number of annual tornadoes which was normalized to the standard number of tornadoes defined as the mean number in the recent 30 years 1960-89. The normalization factor was obtained by computing the ration of smoothed and standard number. In the early years, the factor was in excess of 7. Thereafter, the normalized number of annual tornadoes was computed and plotted, finding that the results are very satisfactory. In order to visualize the variation of tornado activities, the tornado activity number (TAN) was initiated and computed. The TAN including all annual tornadoes show certain periodicity. For climatological evaluation, the peak-activity day of each year, such as Superoutbreak day, 3 April 1974, Palm Sunday, 11 April 1965 were eliminated. The TAN, excluding peak-day tornadoes, is of extreme interest.
Fujita, Ted↗
NASA Tech Briefs, June 2002
Topics include: a technology focus on data acquisition, electronic components and systems, software, materials, mechanics, machinery/automation, physical sciences, book and reports, motion control, and a special section of Photonics Tech Briefs.
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Control Software for Advanced Video Guidance Sensor
Embedded software has been developed specifically for controlling an Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS). A Video Guidance Sensor is an optoelectronic system that provides guidance for automated docking of two vehicles. Such a system includes pulsed laser diodes and a video camera, the output of which is digitized. From the positions of digitized target images and known geometric relationships, the relative position and orientation of the vehicles are computed. The present software consists of two subprograms running in two processors that are parts of the AVGS. The subprogram in the first processor receives commands from an external source, checks the commands for correctness, performs commanded non-image-data-processing control functions, and sends image data processing parts of commands to the second processor. The subprogram in the second processor processes image data as commanded. Upon power-up, the software performs basic tests of functionality, then effects a transition to a standby mode. When a command is received, the software goes into one of several operational modes (e.g. acquisition or tracking). The software then returns, to the external source, the data appropriate to the command.
Howard, Richard T.↗
2022 Spring Internship Exit Presentation
As efforts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) continue to digitize the air traffic management (ATM) domain, there is countless times of need for downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as named entity recognition, text summarization, classification, and more. Although there are a plethora of open-sourced pre-trained transformer models in the NLP field such as BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, and GPT-3, these models are trained on general corpora and perform poorly on domain-specific terminology and phraseology seen in ATM documents such as Notice to Airmen (NOTAMs) and Letters of Agreement (LoA). Our proposed research objective will be to first gather a large corpus of air traffic management related documents, orders, notices, books, technical papers, conference papers, articles, and other miscellaneous sources of text data from the FAA, NASA, and accredited conference and publication societies. After gathering this data, many steps will have to be taken to collate and preprocess the data into a format understandable by our test transformer models. Thirdly, we will set up training pipelines to train the RoBERTa model on its unsupervised training task masked language modelling (MLM) using resources provided by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) facilities. Finally, these fine-tuned transformer models will be evaluated on their performance on down-stream NLP tasks as mentioned above, to show whether they will be effective when working with ATM related data or not. Once complete, this model could be made open-sourced on the HuggingFace website, where the rest of the ATM community can access and utilize this tool.
NLP↗
NASA Scientific and Technical Information System (STI) and New Directory of Numerical Data Bases
The heart of NASA's STI system is a collection of scientific and technical information gathered from worldwide sources. Currently containing over 2.2 million items, the data base is growing at the rate of 140,000 items per year. In addition to announcement journals, information is disseminated through the NASA RECON on-line bibliographic search system. One part of RECON is NALNET which lists journals and books held by the NASA Centers. Another service now accessible by recon is a directory of numerical data bases (DND) which can be shared by NASA staff and contractors. The DND describes each data base and gives the name and phone number of a contact person. A NASA-wide integrated library system is being developed for the Center libraries which will include on-line catalog and subsystems for acquisition, circulation control, information retrieveal, management information, and an authority file. These subsystems can interact with on-line bibliographic, patron, and vendor files.
Wilson, J.↗
Applications Technology Satellite and Communications Technology Satellite user experiments for 1967-1980 reference book, volume 2
The experiments are grouped by type of service offered; for example, education, health services, and data transmission. A bibliography of reports by accession number and by author are also presented. A listing of keywords versus report number is presented.
Engler, N. A.↗
Refractiveindex.info database of optical constants
Abstract We introduce the refractiveindex.info database, a comprehensive open-source repository containing optical constants for a wide array of materials, and describe in detail the underlying dataset. This collection, derived from a meticulous compilation of data sourced from peer-reviewed publications, manufacturers’ datasheets, and authoritative texts, aims to advance research in optics and photonics. The data is stored using a YAML-based format, ensuring integrity, consistency, and ease of access. Each record is accompanied by detailed metadata, facilitating a comprehensive understanding and efficient utilization of the data. In this descriptor, we outline the data curation protocols and the file format used for data records, and briefly demonstrate how the data can be organized in a user-friendly fashion akin to the books in a traditional library.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Detection, estimation, and modulation theory. Part 2 - Nonlinear modulations theory
Book on nonlinear modulation based on optimum estimation theory covering phase synchronization, analog data transmission, digital and analog systems performance, Markov processes, etc
Van Trees, H. L.↗
Asteroid lightcurve parameters
A light curve data file is presented. Each citation includes the year, all authors, journal or book name, volume, and first and last page numbers. The asteroid list is ordered by asteroid number, followed by asteroid name, the period in hours, amplitude of variation or range of amplitude observed, and a reliability code.
Lagerkvist, C.-I.↗
From Runway to Orbit: Reflections of a NASA Engineer
In his remarkable memoir Runway to Orbit, Dr. Kenneth W. Iliff - the recently retired Chief Scientist of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center- tells a highly personal, yet a highly persuasive account of the last forty years of American aeronautical research. His interpretation of events commands respect, because over these years he has played pivotal roles in many of the most important American aeronautics and spaceflight endeavors. Moreover, his narrative covers much of the second half of the first 100 years of flight, a centennial anniversary being celebrated this year. aerospace knowledge. He arrived at the then NASA Flight Research Center in 1962 as a young aeronautical engineer and quickly became involved in two of the seminal projects of modern flight, the X-15 and the lifting bodies. In the process, he pioneered (with Lawrence Taylor) the application of digital computing to the reduction of flight data, arriving at a method known as parameter estimation, now applied the world over. Parameter estimation not only enabled researchers to acquire stability and control derivatives from limited flight data, but in time allowed them to obtain a wide range of aerodynamic effects. Although subsequently involved in dozens of important projects, Dr. Iliff devoted much of his time and energy to hypersonic flight, embodied in the Shuttle orbiter (or as he refers to it, the world s fastest airplane). To him, each Shuttle flight, instrumented to obtain a variety of data, represents a research treasure trove, one that he has mined for years. This book, then, represents the story of Dr. Ken Iliff s passion for flight, his work, and his long and astoundingly productive career. It can be read with profit not just by scientists and engineers, but equally by policy makers, historians, and journalists wishing to better comprehend advancements in flight during the second half of the twentieth century. Dr. Iliff's story is one of immense contributions to the nation s repository of
Iliff, Kenneth W.↗
NASA Tech Briefs, November 2001
Topics include: special coverage section on data acquisition, and sections on electronic components and systems, software, materials, machinery/automation, physical sciences, book and reports, and a special section of Photonics Tech Briefs.
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USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 2
The second issue of the bimonthly digest of USSR Space Life Sciences is presented. Abstracts are included for 39 Soviet periodical articles in 16 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology and published in Russian during the first half of 1985. Selected articles are illustrated with figures from the original. Translated introductions and tables of contents for 14 Russian books on 11 topics related to NASA's life science concerns are presented. Areas covered are: adaptation, biospheric, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, cybernetics and biomedical data processing, gastrointestinal system, group dynamics, habitability and environmental effects, health and medical treatment, hematology, immunology, life support systems, metabolism, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, psychology, radiobiology, and space biology. Two book reviews translated from Russian are included and lists of additional relevant titles available either in English or in Russian only are appended.
Hooke, L. R.↗
Cyber Infrastructure for the Smart Electric Grid
As electric power systems undergo a transformative upgrade with the integration of advanced technologies to enable the smarter electric grid, professionals who work in the area require a new understanding of the evolving complexity of the grid. Cyber Infrastructure for the Smart Electric Grid delivers a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of smart grid operation and control, smart grid technologies, including sensors, communication networks, computation, data management, and cyber security, and the interdependencies between the component technologies on which a smart grid's security depends. The book offers readers the opportunity to critically analyze the smart grid infrastructure needed to sense, communicate, compute, and control in a secure way.
communication networks↗
Specimen sizing and remaining life sample calculations for high temperature reactor material surveillance
Advanced high-temperature nuclear reactors rely on structural components that will operate for decades under combined mechanical, thermal, and environmental loading. Materials surveillance programs are a promising strategy for managing the resulting uncertainty in long-term structural integrity by monitoring degradation in service using passively actuated mechanical test articles. Previous reports have developed a simplified, spreadsheetimplementable framework for sizing these test articles and for inferring accumulated creep damage and remaining life from ex-situ test data. This report advances that work toward practical deployment by providing a sample-problem book: a collection of worked, end-toend examples in which the ASME Section III, Division 5 design analysis of a representative high-temperature reactor component is carried through to a sized surveillance article, verified with detailed finite-element analysis, and concluded with a remaining-life assessment based on an assumed ex-situ creep-rate measurement on the retrieved specimen. The report also summarizes ongoing ANL engagement with ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications toward drafting a standard covering surveillance procedures for advanced reactors.
Barua, Bipul (ORCID:0000000247184113)↗
NASA Tech Briefs, September 2002
Topics include: a technology focus on data acquisition, electronic components and systems, software, materials, mechanics, machinery/automation, bio-medical, physical sciences, book and reports, and a special section of Photonics Tech Briefs.
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