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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Microstructural Engineering and Accelerated Test Method Development to Achieve Low Cost, High Performance Solutions for Hydrogen Storage and Delivery

This project made advancements in developing lower cost steel alloys with novel microstructural design for use in hydrogen refueling infrastructure such as storage, compressors, and dispensing components, and utilizing accelerated test methods to efficiently evaluate variations in alloy and microstructure design. The project specifically sought to design alloys with lower nickel contents to reduce alloy cost, which was accomplished through substituting manganese for nickel along with other alloy additions to control deformation characteristics known to be important for hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Through Mn substitutions for nickel, austenitic and duplex austenite-ferrite steels were successfully developed with lower cost than currently available commercial stainless steel products that are employed for hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The steels were processed to achieve comparable strength and toughness in hydrogen environments as the commercially available steels containing high Ni contents. To evaluate mechanical performance in hydrogen, a testing methodology was employed to compare ubiquitous laboratory testing using electrochemical hydrogen charging in a liquid electrolyte to less accessible high pressure gaseous testing. While the application of these steels is in high pressure gaseous environments, the electrochemical hydrogen charging tests produced comparable results. Additionally, the Los Alamos Neutron Scatting Center enabled characterization of deformation mechanisms of the steel alloys in the presence of hydrogen, which has been associated with steel alloy characteristics associated with hydrogen embrittlement. Finally, a fracture mechanics based test bed model was developed to predict the influence of hydrogen gas pressure and fatigue conditions on fatigue lifetimes of pressure vessel steels. Together, these developments can be employed to enable lower cost hydrogen fueling infrastructure and more reliable prediction of steel alloy components in hydrogen service conditions. In particular, the newly alloys have the potential to replace stainless steels, having demonstrated comparable performance at substantially reduced cost.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Net Zero World 2024 Achievements

Net Zero World, launched at COP26, aims to expedite the transition to clean energy systems worldwide. This report details Net Zero World's achievements in 2024. Leveraging expertise from ten U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and nine federal agencies, Net Zero World has provided specialized technical support and energy modeling to eight partner countries: Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Nigeria, Singapore, Thailand, and Ukraine.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Meaningful Household Savings: Best Practices for Achieving Equitable Solar Development

The Meaningful Household Savings Community of Practice—and this report—focuses on electricity bill savings, other household savings, wealth-building opportunities, and other benefits such as tenant services provided to residents in master-metered buildings. For this report, the project team collected information about ways meaningful household savings have been defined; researched best practices to define, achieve, and quantify meaningful household savings; and identified strategies to scale the adoption and implementation of successful methods.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Opportunities for agrivoltaic systems to achieve synergistic food-energy-environmental needs and address sustainability goals

Achieving decarbonization goals to address global climate change and increasing energy needs requires significant continued investments in solar energy. The expansion of utility-scale solar development across the globe has increased the pressure on land resources for energy generation and other land uses (e.g., agriculture, biodiversity conservation). To address this growing issue, greater emphasis has been placed on solar development strategies that maximize the benefits of solar energy generation and multiple ecosystem services, such as the development of agrivoltaics systems that co-locate solar energy production and various forms of conservation and agricultural land uses. The purpose of this paper is to systematically synthesize the potential ecosystem services of agrivoltaics and summarize how these development strategies could address several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our review will focus on four broad potential ecosystem services of agrivoltaics: (1) energy and economic benefits; (2) agricultural provisioning services of food production and animal husbandry; (3) biodiversity conservation; and (4) regulating ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water and soil conservation. In particular, we will highlight the state of the science, challenges, and knowledge gaps that represent opportunities for further study to better understand how solar energy deployment can facilitate sustainable development.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

On a Simplified Approach to Achieve Parallel Performance and Portability Across CPU and GPU Architectures

This paper presents software advances to easily exploit computer architectures consisting of a multi-core CPU and CPU+GPU to accelerate diverse types of high-performance computing (HPC) applications using a single code implementation. The paper describes and demonstrates the performance of the open-source C++ matrix and array (MATAR) library that uniquely offers: (1) a straightforward syntax for programming productivity, (2) usable data structures for data-oriented programming (DOP) for performance, and (3) a simple interface to the open-source C++ Kokkos library for portability and memory management across CPUs and GPUs. The portability across architectures with a single code implementation is achieved by automatically switching between diverse fine-grained parallelism backends (e.g., CUDA, HIP, OpenMP, pthreads, etc.) at compile time. The MATAR library solves many longstanding challenges associated with easily writing software that can run in parallel on any computer architecture. This work benefits projects seeking to write new C++ codes while also addressing the challenges of quickly making existing Fortran codes performant and portable over modern computer architectures with minimal syntactical changes from Fortran to C++. We demonstrate the feasibility of readily writing new C++ codes and modernizing existing codes with MATAR to be performant, parallel, and portable across diverse computer architectures.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Achieving High Strength and Creep Resistance in Inconel 740H Superalloy through Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing and Thermodynamic-Guided Heat Treatment

Inconel 740H superalloy is commonly used in advanced ultra-supercritical power plants since it possesses excellent strength and creep resistance. This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 740H superalloy fabricated using wire-arc additive manufacturing. The as-printed microstructure consisted of columnar γ grains with the Laves phase and (Nb, Ti)C carbides as secondary phases. The anisotropy in grain structure increased from the bottom to the top regions, while the hardness was highest in the middle portion of the build. To guide the post-heat treatment design, thermodynamic and kinetic simulations were employed to predict the temperature and time. Complete recrystallization with the Laves phase dissolution occurred throughout the build after homogenization at 1200 °C for 2 h. The peak hardness was achieved after aging at 760 °C for 12 h with the M 23 C 6 carbides decorating the grain boundaries and γ’ precipitates in the grain interior. The yield strength (655 MPa) and ductility (29.5%) in the post-heat treated condition exceeded the design targets (620 MPa, 20%). Stress rupture tests at 750 °C showed that the high-temperature performance was at par with the wrought counterparts. The fracture mode after rupture was identified to be intergranular with the presence of grain boundary cavities along with grain boundary sliding.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design and Performance of lithium-Ion Batteries for Achieving Electric Vehicle Takeoff, Flight, and Landing

Today, the burgeoning drive towards global urbanization with over half the earth’s population living in cities, has created major challenges with regards to intracity and intercity transit and mobility. This problem is compounded due to the fact that almost always urbanization and increase in standard of living drives individual automobile ownerships. Over 95% of automobiles are presently powered by some form of fossil fuel and as an unintended consequence, urban centers have also been centers for peak greenhouse gas emissions, a major contributor to global climate change. A revolutionary solution to this conundrum is flight capable electric automobiles or electric aerial vehicles that can tackle both urban mobility and climate change challenges. For such advanced electric platforms, energy storage and delivery component is the vital component towards achieving takeoff, flight, cruise, and landing. The requirements and duty cycle demands on the energy storage system is drastically different when compared to the performance metrics required for terrestrial electric vehicles. As the widely deployed lithium ion-based battery systems are often the primary go-to energy storage choice in electric vehicle related applications, it is imperative that performance metrics and specifications for such batteries towards areal electric vehicles need to be established. In this nascent field, there exists ample opportunities for battery material innovations, understanding degradation mechanism, battery design, development and deployment of battery control and management systems. Thus, this chapter comprehensively discusses battery requirements and identifies battery material chemistries suitable for handling aerial electric automobile duty cycles. The chapter also discusses the battery cell-level metrics pertaining to electrochemical, chemical, mechanical, and structural parameters. Furthermore, specific models for battery degradation, state of health (SOH), capacity and models for full cell performance and degradation are also discussed here. Finally, the chapter also discusses battery safety and future directions of batteries that would power these next generation urban electric aircrafts.

Amin, Ruhul↗
DOE OSTI2024

Optimal Design of Food Packaging Considering Waste Management Technologies to Achieve Circular Economy

Plastic packaging plays a fundamental role in the food industry, avoiding food waste and facilitating food access. The increasing plastic production and the lack of appropriate plastic waste management technologies represent a threat to the environmental and human welfare. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify sustainable packaging solutions. Circular economy (CE) promotes reducing waste and increasing recycling practices to achieve sustainability. In this work, we propose a CE framework based on multi-objective optimization, considering both economic and environmental impacts, to identify optimal packaging designs and waste management technologies. Using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), techno-economic analysis (TEA), and life cycle assessment (LCA), this work aims to build the first steps in packaging design, informing about the best packaging alternatives and the optimal technology or technologies to process packaging waste. For the economic analysis, we consider the minimum increase in price (MIP) when adding recycling to the cost of each packaging solution, while for the environmental analysis, the greenhouse gas emissions impact was considered. A case study on ground coffee packaging is used to illustrate the proposed framework. The results demonstrate that the multilayer bag option is the most convenient when considering both the chosen economic and environmental impacts.

Life Cycle Analysis↗
DOE OSTI2021

Theoretical analysis of key factors achieving reversed magnetic shear q-profiles sustained with lower hybrid waves on EAST

The phase space analysis technique is applied to provide new insights into the fully non-inductive lower hybrid current driven (LHCD) discharges on EAST (Garofalo et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 076037). The analysis shows that there are bounded and unbounded topologies of lower hybrid (LH) waves in phase space. For typical parameters on EAST, the propagation domain for 4.6 GHz LH waves is bounded, while unbounded for 2.45 GHz LH waves and one of the conditions is recognized to be good for achieving an off-axis current profile driven by 4.6 GHz LH waves on EAST. The parametric analysis on the potential power deposition (PPD) region for those experiments demonstrates that the reversed magnetic shear dominates the wave behavior, and confines the LH power absorption to the far off-axis region as long as it occurs in the 4.6 GHz dominated LHCD discharge. GENRAY/CQL3D simulations also confirm this effect of reversed shear on the power absorption of 4.6 GHz waves. A bounded propagation domain and a positive feedback loop between magnetic shear reversal and off-axis LHCD profile could explain the LH-only-sustained strong reversed magnetic shear observed in experiments on multiple machines. In contrast, there is no such effect for 2.45 GHz waves on EAST since the PPD region is less sensitive to the change of reversed shear due to the unbounded propagation domain.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1963

TIROS ACHIEVEMENTS

Evaluation of the tiros meteorological satellite performance and major achievements

SATELLITE OBSERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1968

Significant Achievements in Space Science, 1967

Significant achievements in space sciences for 1967, including stellar astronomy, bioscience, ionospheres, planetology, particles and fields, solar physics, and planetary atmospheres

Source record↗