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At least 271 records · Page 15
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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnSb2(XeF4)6 by Materials Project

Zn(XeF2)6(SbF6)2 is Fluorite structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of six SbF6 clusters and three Zn(XeF2)6 clusters. In each SbF6 cluster, Sb is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There is three shorter (1.92 Å) and three longer (1.93 Å) Sb–F bond length. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In each Zn(XeF2)6 cluster, Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There are one shorter (2.03 Å) and one longer (2.16 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. Zn is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent F atoms. All Zn–F bond lengths are 2.05 Å. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Zn atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SbTe7SXeCl(OF4)9 by Materials Project

XeTeSCl(OF2)3SbTe6(OF5)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two SbTe6(OF5)6 clusters and two XeTeSCl(OF2)3 clusters. In one of the SbTe6(OF5)6 clusters, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form SbO6 octahedra that share corners with six TeOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–44°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.01 Å. There are three inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 40°. The Te–O bond length is 1.88 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.89 Å. In the second Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. The Te–O bond length is 1.90 Å. There is three shorter (1.87 Å) and two longer (1.88 Å) Te–F bond length. In the third Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. The Te–O bond length is 1.89 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.89 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. There are fifteen inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In one of the SbTe6(OF5)6 clusters, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form SbO6 octahedra that share corners with six TeOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–43°. There are four shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.01 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. The Te–O bond length is 1.89 Å. There is two shorter (1.87 Å) and three longer (1.88 Å) Te–F bond length. In the second Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. The Te–O bond length is 1.89 Å. There is one shorter (1.87 Å) and four longer (1.88 Å) Te–F bond length. In the third Te site, Te is bonded to one O and five F atoms to form TeOF5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 41°. The Te–O bond length is 1.89 Å. There is two shorter (1.87 Å) and three longer (1.88 Å) Te–F bond length. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one Te atom. There are fifteen inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In each XeTeSCl(OF2)3 cluster, Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.48 Å) Xe–O bond lengths. Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.98 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.85–1.88 Å. S is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to two O, one Cl, and one F atom. There is one shorter (1.41 Å) and one longer (1.46 Å) S–O bond length. The S–Cl bond length is 1.97 Å. The S–F bond length is 1.57 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Xe and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SbXeF7 by Materials Project

XeSbF7 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four XeSbF7 clusters. Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There are one shorter (1.99 Å) and one longer (2.27 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. Sb is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.07 Å. There are seven inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Sb atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K4XeO15 by Materials Project

XeK4O15 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Xe is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two K atoms. There are one shorter (3.54 Å) and one longer (3.67 Å) Xe–K bond lengths. There are four inequivalent K sites. In the first K site, K is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one Xe and six O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–3.10 Å. In the second K site, K is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.66–3.17 Å. In the third K site, K is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–3.08 Å. In the fourth K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one Xe and six O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.66–3.13 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.31 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one K and two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) O–O bond length. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.32 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.30 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.27 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K and one O atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.28 Å. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to three K and one O atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two K and one O atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.27 Å. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one K and one O atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K and one O atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one K and one O atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two K and one O atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one K and one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on S2Xe(O3F)2 by Materials Project

XeS2(O3F)2 is High Pressure (4-7GPa) Tellurium structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four XeS2(O3F)2 clusters. Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There are one shorter (2.25 Å) and one longer (2.26 Å) Xe–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three O and one F atom. There is two shorter (1.43 Å) and one longer (1.55 Å) S–O bond length. The S–F bond length is 1.60 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three O and one F atom. There is two shorter (1.43 Å) and one longer (1.54 Å) S–O bond length. The S–F bond length is 1.60 Å. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AuXeF9 by Materials Project

XeF5AuF4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four AuF4 clusters and four XeF5 clusters. In each AuF4 cluster, Au is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent F atoms. All Au–F bond lengths are 1.97 Å. F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au atom. In each XeF5 cluster, Xe is bonded in a distorted square pyramidal geometry to five F atoms. All Xe–F bond lengths are 1.99 Å. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Te4Xe(OF5)4 by Materials Project

XeTe4(OF5)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one XeTe4(OF5)4 cluster. Xe is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O atoms. All Xe–O bond lengths are 2.16 Å. There are two inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.93 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.86–1.88 Å. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.93 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.86–1.88 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Te atom. There are ten inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg2Te4Xe3(O2F13)2 by Materials Project

(XeF2)3(HgTe2(OF5)2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four HgTe2(OF5)2 clusters and six XeF2 clusters. In each HgTe2(OF5)2 cluster, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.07 Å) Hg–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.87 Å. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and three longer (1.89 Å) Te–F bond length. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.88 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. There are ten inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In each XeF2 cluster, Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There are one shorter (2.08 Å) and one longer (2.09 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AsS2XeN2F13 by Materials Project

XeN2S2F7AsF6 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four AsF6 clusters and four XeN2S2F7 clusters. In each AsF6 cluster, As is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of As–F bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.79 Å. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In each XeN2S2F7 cluster, Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two N atoms. There are one shorter (2.18 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) Xe–N bond lengths. There are two inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one S atom. The N–S bond length is 1.56 Å. In the second N site, N is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Xe and one S atom. The N–S bond length is 1.42 Å. There are two inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry to one N and four F atoms. There are a spread of S–F bond distances ranging from 1.57–1.63 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to one N and three F atoms. All S–F bond lengths are 1.57 Å. There are seven inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AsXe(OF2)3 by Materials Project

XeO3AsF6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four AsF6 clusters and four XeO3 clusters. In each AsF6 cluster, As is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of As–F bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.81 Å. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As atom. In each XeO3 cluster, Xe is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.86 Å) and two longer (1.93 Å) Xe–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sb2XeF15 by Materials Project

XeF4Sb2F11 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four Sb2F11 clusters and four XeF4 clusters. In each Sb2F11 cluster, Sb is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing SbF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.08 Å. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Sb atoms. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In each XeF4 cluster, Xe is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four F atoms. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SbIrXeF12 by Materials Project

XeIrSbF12 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four XeIrSbF12 clusters. Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There are one shorter (2.00 Å) and one longer (2.30 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. Ir is bonded to six F atoms to form IrF6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one SbF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 40°. There are a spread of Ir–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.03 Å. Sb is bonded to six F atoms to form SbF6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one IrF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 40°. There are five shorter (1.90 Å) and one longer (2.14 Å) Sb–F bond lengths. There are twelve inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Xe and one Ir atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ir and one Sb atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coincidence measurements of radioxenon using passive implemented planar silicon (PIPS) detector

The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans nuclear weapons testing and establishes the International Monitoring System (IMS) for the purpose of treaty verification. IMS is a detector network that confirms that global nuclear activity is peaceful in nature. These detector systems use β-γcoincidence measurements to characterize atmospheric samples containing radioxenon isotopes. The goal of this work is to use the system consisting of two sodium iodide detectors and two PIPSbox detectors to characterize isotopically pure samples of 131m Xe, 133m Xe, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe via β, γ, and β-γ coincidence measurements.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2022

Phase II testing of Xenon International on Mount Schauinsland, Germany

Station RN33 on Mount Schauinsland near Freiburg, Germany, is part of the International Monitoring System monitoring radioxenon in air ( 131m Xe, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe) for verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Here, we present data from phase II testing of a new system, Xenon International at RN33, July 14th, 2021 to Jan 22nd, 2022, together with SPALAX data from the same time period. Radioxenon could be detected in 473 of 719 samples, among them many multiple isotope detections. Activity concentrations of spiked and selected environmental samples were verified by laboratory reanalysis. Finally, the sensitivity of Xenon International for radioxenons is up to one order of magnitude better for the metastable isotopes than that of the SPALAX, with a shorter sampling duration of 6 h.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cluster dynamics simulation of xenon diffusion during irradiation in UO 2

Diffusion of fission gas in UO 2 nuclear fuel impacts several important performance metrics, such as fission gas release, swelling, and thermal conductivity. Current empirical models of fission gas release have significant uncertainty, some of which derives from the bulk diffusion rate and its dependence on, for example, fuel chemistry and irradiation. In this work, we have applied the previously-developed Free Energy Cluster Dynamics (FECD) methodology in the code Centipede to calculate xenon cluster concentrations in UO 2 under intrinsic (high temperature) and irradiation-enhanced (intermediate temperature) conditions in order to develop a model of the xenon diffusion coefficient based on the atomic scale mechanisms responsible for transport. While the diffusion mechanism for xenon in UO 2 is adequately described by the Xe + U 2 O vacancy cluster for intrinsic conditions, a similar process is not capable of capturing measured in-pile fission gas diffusivity at intermediate temperatures. Therefore, a different diffusion mechanism must dominate under this regime. Using calculated atomistic data, we have shown that irradiation-enhanced diffusion at intermediate temperatures occurs via the larger Xe + U 4 O y vacancy clusters, which have lower migration barriers and increase in concentration by several orders of magnitude compared to intrinsic conditions. This mechanism is enabled by the increased uranium vacancy concentration under irradiation due to Frenkel pair production. In addition, the fast migration of uranium interstitials with two attached oxygen interstitials lowers the total uranium interstitial concentration through reactions with sinks. This allows the extended defects, such as Xe + U 4 O y vacancy clusters, to maintain high concentrations by limiting annihilation with attached vacancies. Furthermore, predictions using the Xe + U 4 O y diffusion mechanism are in good agreement with experiment, albeit with some differences in the Arrhenius slope, which we believe may be related to either experimental or model parameter uncertainty. Lastly, an analytical expression suitable for application in fuel performance simulations was derived to capture the predictions of the Centipede simulations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A stilbene–strontium iodide based radioxenon detection system for monitoring nuclear explosions

Atmospheric measurement of noble gases has been extensively used for monitoring clandestine nuclear weapon explosions for many years. The ratios of four xenon isotopes of interest ( 131 mXe, 133 mXe, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe) help in discriminating regular reactor operations from nuclear tests. A new coincidence-based detection system using stilbene and strontium iodide [SrI 2 (Eu)] for electron and photon detection respectively was developed at Oregon State University to address some of the challenges of the radioxenon systems deployed in the field such as memory effect, and poor energy resolution. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were used for sensing optical photons from all scintillation media. Real-time coincidence identification was achieved using the eight-channel digital pulse processor. The detection system was evaluated using lab check sources and Oregon State TRIGA reactor irradiated radioxenon samples. A 48-hour background coincidence spectrum was collected yielding a coincidence count rate and background rejection rate of 0.0174 ± 0.0003 counts per second (cps) and 98.9% respectively. The minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of the system was evaluated to be 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.20 ± 0.02, and 0.73 ± 0.08 for 131 mXe, 133 mXe, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe respectively. The memory effect of the detection system was found to be 0.069 ± 0.015%, which is almost a 70-fold reduction compared to traditional plastic scintillators. Here, the detection elements, custom-designed electronics, and the detector response to radioxenon are detailed in this work.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum fluctuations at the LHC energies

The first measurements of skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum ($\langle$$p_T\rangle$) fluctuations are reported in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector. The measurements are carried out as a function of system size $\langle$dN ch /dη$\rangle$$^{1/3}_{|η|<0.5}$, using charged particles with transverse momentum ($p_T$) and pseudorapidity (η), in the range 0.2<$p_T$<3.0 GeV/c and |η|<0.8, respectively. In Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions, positive skewness is observed in the fluctuations of $\langle$$p_T\rangle$ for all centralities, which is significantly larger than what would be expected in the scenario of independent particle emission. This positive skewness is considered a crucial consequence of the hydrodynamic evolution of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, similar observations of positive skewness for minimum bias pp collisions are also reported here. Kurtosis of $\langle$$p_T\rangle$ fluctuations is found to be in good agreement with the kurtosis of Gaussian distribution, for most central Pb–Pb collisions. Hydrodynamic model calculations with MUSIC using Monte Carlo Glauber initial conditions are able to explain the measurements of both skewness and kurtosis qualitatively from semicentral to central collisions in Pb–Pb system. Color reconnection mechanism in PYTHIA8 model seems to play a pivotal role in capturing the qualitative behavior of the same measurements in pp collisions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A framework to implement human reliability analysis during early design stages of advanced reactors

Nuclear power plants require human actions throughout their lifecycle from design, construction, operation, and decommissioning. However, for advanced reactors (e.g., Generation IV), the reliance on human intervention in safety-related actions is expected to be reduced or completely replaced by automated actions. The Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Standard for Advanced Non-LWR Nuclear Power Plants requires that the impacts of all operator actions are captured and incorporated in the risk of the modeled plant. Moreover, the Modernization of Technical Requirements for Licensing Advanced Reactors requires human reliability analysis (HRA) to be included throughout all design and PRA development stages. However, due to the lack of details during the early design stages, HRA is often postponed until the design is mature enough. Conducting HRA in later design stages, though it may be adequate in capturing pre-, at-, and post-initiators comes short of informing the design itself in the iterative design lifecycle. Hence, this paper presents a framework to include HRA during the design's early stages, pre-conceptual or conceptual. The proposed framework provides a process for the removal of operator actions that do not contribute to the risk and the identification of all key operator actions that are critical to the safety of the design. The results of this framework are then used to inform the design of those safety-related operator actions to update the design further. Then, using information from the updated design, this framework can be reapplied to investigate the impact of the design update on human reliability. The PRA model of the X-energy's pre-conceptual Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor (HTGR-PB) design is used to demonstrate the approach. In the pre-conceptual Xe-100 PRA model, also called Phase 0 PRA model, human actions were considered an integral part of analyzing the plant response to different initiating events. Hence, in this paper, all possible human actions in the Xe-100 PRA model are identified, analyzed, and removed to emulate a design relying only on the available automated control systems. The preliminary results of this assessment show how safe the Xe-100 design is even without crediting any human actions. The results also list necessary sequences in which operator actions are critical to the risk profile of the design.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗